0% found this document useful (0 votes)

32 views182 pages

TCPGPS Windows Manual-En

This document provides a reference manual for the TcpGPS application. It details how to install the application, its key features and functionality. The bulk of the document outlines the various file management, GPS, surveying, setting out, tools and settings options available within the different modules of the application. It serves as a comprehensive guide for users on how to utilize all of TcpGPS's functions.

Uploaded by

Djil Sahraoui

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

32 views182 pages

TCPGPS Windows Manual-En

Uploaded by

Djil Sahraoui

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 182

TcpGPS

Reference Manual

© Aplitop S.L.
C/ Sumatra, 9 E-29190 MALAGA, SPAIN
Tel. No.: +34 952 43 97 71 Fax: +34 952 43 13 71
website: www.aplitop.com e-mail: [email protected]
TcpGPS Reference Manual

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... 2
1. INSTALLING THE APPLICATION................................................................... 4
2. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 8
2.1. DEVICES AND VERSIONS SUPPORTED ................................................................ 8
3. FEATURES AND FUNCTIONALITY ................................................................ 9
4. PROJECTS ........................................................................................................... 13
4.1. SELECT ............................................................................................................ 13
4.2. PROPERTIES ..................................................................................................... 13
4.3. COMPONENTS .................................................................................................. 15
4.4. DRAW .............................................................................................................. 16
4.5. DELETE ............................................................................................................ 16
4.6. NEW ................................................................................................................ 16
4.7. FILE MANAGEMENT......................................................................................... 17
5. FILE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 18
5.1. COMMON FUNCTIONS ...................................................................................... 18
5.2. GPS RAW DATA .............................................................................................. 20
5.3. POINTS ............................................................................................................. 23
5.4. STATIONS ........................................................................................................ 29
5.5. HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENTS ............................................................................. 34
5.6. CROSS-SECTIONS ............................................................................................. 39
5.7. VERTICAL ALIGNMENTS .................................................................................. 43
5.8. SUPERELEVATIONS .......................................................................................... 47
5.9. LONGITUDINAL PROFILES ................................................................................ 49
5.10. SURFACES ........................................................................................................ 51
5.11. RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 52
5.12. CARTOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 54
6. GPS ........................................................................................................................ 59
6.1. CONNECT ......................................................................................................... 59
6.2. POSITION AND SATELLITES .............................................................................. 59
6.3. CONFIGURE BASE ............................................................................................ 64
6.4. CONFIGURE ROVER ......................................................................................... 67
6.5. STYLES ............................................................................................................ 68
6.6. TERMINAL ....................................................................................................... 77
6.7. OTHER FUNCTIONS .......................................................................................... 77
6.8. DISCONNECT.................................................................................................... 80
7. LOCAL SYSTEMS .............................................................................................. 81
7.1. APPLY LOCAL SYSTEM .................................................................................... 89
7.2. PLACE IN LOCAL SYSTEM ................................................................................ 90
8. SURVEYING ........................................................................................................ 92
8.1. SURVEY ........................................................................................................... 95

8.2. CONTINUOUS ................................................................................................... 98

8.3. LONGITUDINAL PROFILE .................................................................................. 99
8.4. SURVEY ALIGNMENT ..................................................................................... 101
8.5. CROSS-SECTION PROFILE .............................................................................. 102
8.6. STATIC ........................................................................................................... 104
8.7. KINEMATIC .................................................................................................... 106
9. SETTING OUT ................................................................................................... 107
9.1. POINTS ........................................................................................................... 113
9.2. POINTS OVER LINE ......................................................................................... 116
9.3. LINE INTERSECTION ....................................................................................... 117
9.4. LINES AND PARALLEL LINES ......................................................................... 118
9.5. LINE .............................................................................................................. 121
9.6. POLYLINE ...................................................................................................... 121
9.7. STATION AND OFFSET .................................................................................... 122
9.8. STATION AND CODE....................................................................................... 125
9.9. SLOPES .......................................................................................................... 127
10. TOOLS ............................................................................................................ 130
10.1. POINTS ON ALIGNMENT ................................................................................. 130
10.2. POINT ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 131
10.3. DISTANCE BETWEEN POINTS .......................................................................... 132
10.4. AREA AMONG POINTS .................................................................................... 133
10.5. GEODETIC CALCULATOR ............................................................................... 134
10.6. EXPORT TO GML INSPIRE ........................................................................... 138
10.7. LINE INTERSECTION ....................................................................................... 140
10.8. LINE AND CIRCLE INTERSECTION .................................................................. 140
10.9. CIRCLE AND CIRCLE INTERSECTION .............................................................. 141
10.10. POLAR TO RECTANGULAR COORDINATES .................................................. 141
11. SETTINGS ...................................................................................................... 142
11.1. OPTIONS ........................................................................................................ 142
11.2. MEASUREMENT UNITS ................................................................................... 142
11.3. STYLES .......................................................................................................... 143
11.4. SURVEYING ................................................................................................... 143
11.5. SETTING OUT................................................................................................. 144
11.6. COMMUNICATIONS ........................................................................................ 145
11.7. CODE DATABASE ........................................................................................... 146
11.8. GEODESY ....................................................................................................... 149
11.9. SOUNDS ......................................................................................................... 177
11.10. ECHOSOUNDER .......................................................................................... 177
11.11. LASER DISTANCEMETER ............................................................................ 178
12. UTILITIES ...................................................................................................... 179
12.1. SYSTEM INFORMATION .................................................................................. 179
12.2. LICENSE ......................................................................................................... 179
12.3. ABOUT ........................................................................................................... 180
GLOSSARY OF TERMS ................................................................................................ 181

1. Installing the Application

The steps below must be followed:

• Decompress the file TcpGPSSetup.zip.

• Execute the file vcredist_x86_VS2008.exe. This application will install the
libraries required to execute the TcpGPS installation program.
• If you're going to execute the installation for Windows CE, synchronise the
mobile device with the PC via Microsoft ActiveSync or Windows Mobile
Device Centre.
• Execute the file TcpGPSSetup.exe.
• Select the installation program language:

• Select the Brand and the Model of the device; if you wish to install the
application on a PC or on a mobile device which does not appear on the list,
you must select Others as the brand.

• Select the Version to be installed. You can choose between Basic or Full.
The difference between both is that the latter includes the road module. For
PC there is a Simulation version distributed free-of-charge with the version
for mobile device which allows works to be prepared on the PC and
subsequently for them to be copied to the device.

• Select the Installation Folder by pressing the button on the right of this
box. On the mobile devices it is recommended to install the program on
permanent storage cards (SD, Compact Flash, etc). To see the list of those to
be found on the device, the Only show memory cards box must be marked.

• Press the Install TcpGPS button.

• Once installation is complete, the following message appears:

• Press Accept and close the installation program.

2. Introduction
This document describes how the GNSS receiver setting out and surveying
application developed for mobile devices, PCs and tablets based on the Microsoft
Windows operating system in its different versions works.

2.1. Devices and Versions Supported

PCs with Microsoft Windows Vista, XP, 7, 8 operating system in its different
versions.

Mobile devices with ARM processor and Microsoft Pocket PC 2003, Microsoft
Windows Mobile 5.x/6.x ó Microsoft Windows CE 4.x/5.x/6.x operating system.

3. Features and Functionality

For users having the TcpMDT application, the file formats used are totally
compatible, so that all files can be prepared on a PC and subsequently sent to the mobile
device using the Microsoft ActiveSync or Microsoft Windows Mobile Device Center
application. For all other users, a PC program is included that incorporates the most
common file format conversions, in addition to serving as a data manager for the data
obtained with the field data recorder.

This is an application based on dialog boxes that appear with a main menu made up
of a series of graphic buttons that enable one to access the program’s different options.

Either the or buttons should be clicked to exit a dialog box. These

appear on the upper right hand side of the screen. The cancel button serves to exit the
dialog box without accepting any changes or without taking into account any
calculations that may have been made.

In the majority of the dialogues the menu button also appears on the title bar.
Using this button you can access different additional options.

The units of measurement of the application’s data are as follows:

Data Units of Measurement

Geographic coordinates Degrees, minutes and seconds
Geocentric coordinates Meters
Projected coordinates Meters
Distances Meters
Altitudes Meters
Areas of surface Square meters
Perimeters Meters
Azimuths Grads. 0º North
Tolerances Meters
Lengths Meters
Height of antennas Meters
Offset of antennas Meters
Stations Meters
Interval of stations Meters
Slopes X Inc. (m ) / Y Inc. (m)
Stakeout tolerances Meters
Precisions Meters
Superelevations Percentage
Epochs Seconds

This allows you to work in slopes and angle units other than those defined by
default. The angle units may be gradians (by default), degrees or radians and the slope
units, Inc. X (m) / Inc. Y (m) (by default), Inc. Y (m) / Inc. X (m) or percentage.

In the program options where it is necessary to indicate the coordinates of a point,

the following screen will be accessed by means of the corresponding button:

• Manual: This allows the coordinates to be entered manually.

• Point: This allows a point of any file to be selected by pressing the
button or to look for it in the current points file, entering its name in the
corresponding box and pressing .
• Station: This allows a station of any file to be selected by pressing the
button or to look for it in the current base file, entering its name in the
corresponding box and pressing .
• Graphic: This allows a point to be selected graphically. A drawing is shown
with the points and stations of the project as well as the cartography files.
• GPS: Obtains the coordinates which the receiver is currently receiving.

In all the data acquisition and setting out options, the application will show a bar
with the essential receiver information (in order from left to right).

• Working mode: By pressing this icon the real time system is rebooted if
working in RTK.

Autonomous

RTK Float or DGPS

RTK Fixed
• Data link indicator: By pressing this icon detailed information is shown
about the data link.

Without data link

With data link

• Battery status: By pressing this icon detailed information is shown about

the charge of the battery or batteries if you have more than one. In this case
the icon shows the status of the one which is charged most.

Unknown battery level

0 – 33 %

34 - 66 %

67 – 100 %
• Number of satellites used: NAVSTAR constellation satellites
(American) are shown by the blue colour of the icon and those of the
GLONASS constellation (Russian) by the red colour. By pressing this icon
detailed information is shown about the satellites received.
• Antenna height: Current antenna height.
• Precisions: Estimated horizontal (Hp) and vertical (Vp) precision.

Upon starting the application a first window is shown where the current version
number appears.

A new project should be created or an existing project should be selected to start up

the application:

Last Project: This option selects the project worked on in the last session. When
the application is initiated for the first time or when the program’s initial
configuration is restored, it appears as deactivated.

Select Project: Allows one to select a previously created project.

New Project: Allows one to create an empty project.

Once the work project has been selected, the application’s main menu appears. The
title bar shows the program’s name followed by the name of the active project.

4. Projects
In order to avoid having to remember each of the files making up a project, this type
of file has been created to store the links to each of the project’s essential components.

The following options are available to manage this kind of file:

4.1. Select
Allows one to choose a previously saved project.

4.2. Properties
This option allows project coordinates system configuration to be changed.
Furthermore, it shows information about the location thereof as well as of the code data
base used.

The parameters going to make up this configuration are as follows:

Project: Shows the project name and work directory.

CRS: Coordinate Reference System. Shows the datum and the projection system
selected. if you are using a geoid to obtain orthometric altitudes, the vertical CRS is
also shown. (See section Settings > Geodesy).

The current system parameters can be changed by pressing the button

Area: Allows the filtering of the coordinate system parameter search,

leaving only the elements of the selected zone. If you do not wish to use
this filter, the box should be unchecked. By pressing the button, the
following list of continents and countries is shown:

Favourites: If a country is selected, a list is shown of the coordinates'

systems most used in this zone. Each element of this list contains
information about the 4 parameters which are requested below. A new
favourite system can be added by pressing the button and entering a
name.

Projected CRS: Projected coordinate reference system. With this

parameter the projection system is indicated (UTM, Lambert, etc) and the
datum used. (See section Settings > Geodesy)

Geo. Dat. Shift: Indicates the transformation of geodetic datums used. It

is necessary to transform the geographic coordinates received from the
GNSS receiver at projected coordinates. (See section Settings >
Geodesy)

Vertical CRS: Vertical coordinate reference system. Indicates the system

used to correct the altitudes on the ellipsoid WGS84 which sends the
GNSS receiver. (See section Settings > Geodesy)

Ver. Dat. Shift: Indicates the transformation of vertical datums used in

the CRS. Only transformations based on geoid files are allowed. (See
section Settings > Geodesy)

Local System: This allows a local transformation to be established in the project to

be adjusted to the work area. (See section Local System)

CDB: Shows the directory and name of the file from the code data base which is
used in the project.

Once points have been recorded in the project, the parameters of the coordinate
reference system cannot be changed.

4.3. Components
Shows a list containing the names of all the files assigned to the active project,
which are differentiated by type.

Non-specific file categories can be selected from the dialog box, and any of them
can be deleted from the project. In order to do so, you must click on the file type desired
and then click on Select or Delete.

4.4. Draw
Allows the drawing of all the elements on the ground plan which go to make up the
project (points, bases, ground plan alignment, cartography, surface and images).

4.5. Delete
Allows a non-active project to be deleted. It will only eliminate the file with an
extension PRJ.

4.6. New
Allows one to create an empty project. A name should be assigned to the project
and the properties described in the Properties section should be set.

4.7. File Management

The application has a file management menu that supports the following kinds of
files:

The Windows Explorer supplied with mobile devices does not show file extensions.
Knowing them is not necessary during normal use of the program, as the appropriate
filters are used. However, the extensions can be viewed if the field data recorder is
connected to the PC.

The work files can be copied directly to the mobile device using Windows Explorer
once it has been synchronized with the PC.

All the options check for the existence or not of the files needed for the calculations
and indicate an error message should they not exist.

The characteristics of each of the files types and the way they are managed are
explained in next section.

5. File Management
The application is equipped with a file management menu that supports the
following kinds of files:

Extension Description MDT Compatible Remarks

BSE Setting out stations YES
EJE Alignment on ground plan YES
RAS Vertical alignment YES
PER Superelevations YES
TRA Cross-sections YES
LON Longitudinal profiles YES
SUP Surfaces YES (1)
PUN Surveying points YES
RES Setting out results NO
PRJ Projects NO
DXF Cartography YES
SHP Cartography YES
JPG Georeference image YES (2)
JP2 Georeference image YES
ECW Georeference image YES
GPS Receiver raw data YES
NTR Local systems YES
W84 Geographic coordinates NO

(1) Compatible with MDT v4 or above.

(2) The image size must be less than 1MB

5.1. Common Functions

The functions common to the majority of drawing and editing dialogues of each
of the file types have been shown below:

Displays the first record to be found on the file.

Goes back one position with regard to the current record.

Goes forward one position with regard to the current record.

Displays the last record to be found on the file.

Creates a new record with data blank.

Deletes the selected records. Allows multiple selection.

Undoes the latest change in a certain cell.

Searches a record which complies with certain criteria.

Displays the photos associated with points.

Presents the full extension of the drawing.

Expands the area defined by a window defined by two opposing points.

Increases the drawing detail level.

Reduces the drawing detail level.

Presents the previous view.

Allows drawing properties to be changed.

Allows codes to be assigned to the points acquisition.

Allows layers to be activated and deactivated in the drawing.

Shows information about the selected element.

Activates the menu which allows areas and distances to be calculated.

Adds the selected points for calculating areas and distances.

Removes the last point selected for calculating areas and distances.

Calculates the area and distance with the selected points.

Deactivates the areas and distances calculation menu.

Changes the active cross section.

5.2. GPS Raw Data

Each projects creates an ASCII file by default which stores the raw data of each
point recorded in the program (WGS84 latitude and longitude, number of satellites,
horizontal and vertical precisions etc). This file has the same name as the project and the
extension *.GPS and it includes 2 record types. Lines starting # contain information
about the project:

- Projected CRS : Projected coordinate reference system.

- Geodetic Datum Shift: Transformation of geodetic datums.
- Vertical CRS : Vertical coordinate reference system.
- Vertical Datum Shift: Transformation of vertical datums.
- Local System.
- dX, dY, dZ : Additional displacements to the local system.

And lines starting ‘P’ or ‘B’ contain information about the points recorded:

- Base (B) or Point (P).

- Identifier of the option where the point was recorded.

_000_ B-GPS>Configure Base

_001_ B-Project>G.Files>Bases>Acquire Base
_002_ P-Data Acquisition> Cross Section
_003_ P-Data Acquisition>Longitudinal Profile
_004_ P-Data Acquisition> Continuous
_005_ P-Data Acquisition> Surveying
_007_ P-Data Acquisition>Kinematic
_008_ P-Tools>Points Analysis
_009_ B-Project>G.Files>Bases>Create Base>Latitude and Longitude
_010_ B-GPS>Configure Mobile
_011_ P-Setting out>Points

_012_ P-Setting Out>Lines Intersection

_013_ P-Setting out>Normal Points
_014_ P-Setting out>Line
_015_ P-Setting out>Lines and Parallels
_016_ P-Setting out>K.P. and Displacement
_017_ P-Setting out>K.P. and Code
_020_ P-Setting out>Slopes
_022_ P-Data Acquisition>Acquire Alignment

- System date.
- System time.
- Reference base name. If “-“ appears this is due to the fact that the base has been
configured at another work session. When working via NTRIP the name of the
node to which you have connected is added.
- Point name.
- WGS84 Latitude.
- WGS84 Longitude.
- WGS84 Altitude.
- Antenna height. Does not include the Offset.
- Pdop.
- Number of satellites used.
- Position type identifier.
- Horizontal precision.
- Vertical precision.
- Point code.
- File where the point has been stored.
- Description of the position type (RTK Fixed, RTK Float, Autonomous etc).

This information proves useful in the event of wanting to apply a CRS to the data
acquired or a local system different from the current one.

The data which appears by default under this option is part of the GPS file of the
current project but a file can also be selected from another project. To this end the
Select option must be chosen from the drop down menu.

Data can be exported in different formats: KML, HTML and W84.

A W84 file is an ASCII file with the following line format:

Name,GLat MLat SLat NS,GLon MLon SLon EW,Altitude,Code

Example: BR1,36 45 5.6754343 N,4 28 6.5456787 W,145.423,CT

For KML files you can choose between creating a point entity for each
or creating a polyline with all the points of the GPS file. Both for this type of files and
for the W84 all the points can be exported or just those included in a specific file.

There is also the possibility of creating an HTML report combining different fields
of the GPS file.

Another menu option, Move Coordinates, allows a range of points to be displaced

based on the increments in latitude, longitude and altitude calculated between one of the
file reference bases and the other entered manually. A W84 file will be created with the
new points calculated.

The following steps must be taken:

- Select Ref. Station and mark a point on the list.

- Select Initial Point and mark another point on the list.
- Select Final Point and mark a new point.
- Enter the coordinates of the new base in latitude, longitude and ellipsoidal
altitude WGS84.
- Press Traslate to give a name to the W84 file and record the new points
calculated.

Finally, an option is presented regardless of the GPS file which allows a projected
coordinates' archive to be created in accordance with the current project configuration
based on a file with NMEA GGA strings.

5.3. Points
All of the current project’s surveying points are stored in these files in ASCII
format. These files have the *.PUN extension (compatible with TcpMDT) and contain
the following data for each point:

<Number> <X Coordinate> <Y Coordinate> <Z Coordinate> <Code>

A point file is automatically created whenever a project is created. It has the same
name as the project and has the aforementioned extension.

The program allows for repeated points, as well as points having alphanumeric
numbering. Their names cannot contain spaces.

The field separator can be a space, a tab or a comma.

The options available to manage this kind of files are the following:

5.3.1. Select
Allows one to select a point file from already existing files.

5.3.2. Edit
Allows one to view and modify the current file’s records.

The records have the following fields:

Name Type Length No. of Decimals Remarks

N Alphanumeric 14 - Point number
X Numeric 11 3
Y Numeric 11 3
Z Numeric 8 3
Code Alphanumeric 14 -

The button displays information about the raw data acquired from the
GNSS receiver as regards the current point.

In addition to the options presented by buttons, others are provided via the title bar
menu of this window:

The option Delete by …, shows a new dialog where the points can be selected
which it is wished to delete. The selection can be made by indicating a range of
numbers (Selection by Numbers) or by entering a code (Selection by Codes).

The other options allow the default width of the columns to be restored and to
localise and eliminate points which have the same number or coordinates.

5.3.3. Draw
Allows one to draw the current file’s points, including break lines should they exist.

5.3.4. Move Points

This tool enables one to move a set of previously selected points to some
specific coordinates.

The points one wishes to move should first be selected. They can be selected by
either indicating a range of numbers (Select by Numbers) or entering a code (Select by
Code).

The following data is then requested:

Type: You should indicate if it is an Absolute or Relative displacement.

Source: Coordinates of the base point. The … button allows one to select the point in
different ways.

Target: The destination coordinates should be specified depending on the source set, as
should the kind of movement selected.

5.3.5. Rotate Points

This tool produces a rotation of a specific angle in the scatter plot selected.

A window appears where the points one wishes to rotate should be selected when
this command is executed.

Once the points are selected, the following data is requested:

Source: The base points coordinates should be entered either manually or by clicking
on the button.

Angle: Indicates the angle of rotation for the points selected.

5.3.6. Generate Grid

This command offers the possibility of generating a scatter plot in the form of a
grid.

First the file where the points will be saved is requested. Then a screen is displayed
where the parameters to create the grid should be entered.

Number of Rows: Indicates the number of rows the grid to be generated will have.

Cell Size:

• Horizontal: Horizontal size of cell.

• Vertical: Vertical size of cell.

Initial Point: Lower left point of the grid.

Final Point: Lower right point of the grid.

Boundary: Allows the points that will delimit the grid’s boundary to be indicated.

Apply staggered formation method: This is a special method to generate the grid,
which generates the points in a staggered manner.

5.3.7. New File

Creates an empty point file and associates it with the active project.

5.3.8. Import File

Imports points files of the ArcView (*.shp) and Txt types, converting them into
files compatible with MDT and the extension *.pun. Once the operation has been
carried out, the imported file can be established as the current project file.

5.3.9. Export File

Exports files with an extension *.pun to ArcView and Txt type files (with a field
separator, comma or tab).

5.3.10. Delete File

Deletes a points file from the field data recorder. If the file selected belongs to the
active project, the link to the project is also deleted.

5.4. Stations
Stations of the current project are stored in these files in ASCII format. These files
have the *.BSE extension (compatible with TcpMDT) and contain the following data
for each station:

<Number> <X Coordinate> <Y Coordinate> <Z Coordinate> <Anamorphosis> <Code>

A stations file is automatically created whenever a project is created. It has the same
name as the project with the aforementioned extension.

Their names cannot contain spaces.

The field separator can be a space, a tab or a comma.

The options available for this kind of files are the following:

5.4.1. Select
Allows one to select a stations file.

5.4.2. Edit
Allows one to view and modify the current file’s records.

The records are made up of the following fields:

Name Type Length No. of Decimals Remarks

Station Alphanumeric 8 - Name of the station
X Numeric 11 3
Y Numeric 11 3
Z Numeric 8 3
Code Alphanumeric 14 -
Scale Numeric 9 8

The button allows the calculation of the anamorphosis of the base selected
at the current project datum.

In addition to the options presented by buttons, others are provided via the title
bar menu of this window:

5.4.3. Draw

Shows a drawing containing the stations in the current file.

5.4.4. Survey Station

Allows one to create a station from a point observed from the GNSS device.

After having made the measurement, clicking the GPS button and giving a name to
the station, should be clicked to save the data in the current file. Entering the code is
not obligatory.

5.4.5. Create Station

Allows one to create a station in three different ways:

From points

The number of the point desired should be entered in the Number box and the
Search button or the button should be clicked and the point selected from the list
shown.

The station is added to the current station file when is clicked.

Entering the code is not obligatory.

From Station and Offset

The coordinates of a new station are shown on screen by entering a Station and an
Offset and clicking on the Calculate button. A name should be entered for the station
and the button clicked to save the data.

If the project dos not have a vertical alignment file, the station is saved with a height
equivalent to 0.0.

Entering the code is not obligatory.

From Latitude and Longitude

Allows a new station to be saved in the current file by specifying latitude, longitude
and ellipsoidal height in WGS84. If these data are entered manually, Calculate should
be clicked to obtain the coordinates. The receiver’s coordinates are obtained by clicking
the GPS button.

Entering the code is not obligatory.

5.4.6. New File

Creates an empty station file.

5.4.7. Delete File

Deletes a stations file from the disk. If it belongs to the current project, the link to
the project is also deleted.

5.5. Horizontal Alignments

ONLY FULL VERSION

These files are also compatible with the file format of TcpMDT(*.EJE) files.

The options available to manage this kind of files are the following:

5.5.1. Select
Allows one to select an alignment file.

5.5.2. Edit
Allows the display and modification of the current file records. If the field of any
vertex is changed and the following or previous button is pressed, all the alignment
vertices will be recalculated.

In addition, there is the possibility of entering an alignment manually. To this

end, all the data of the initial vertex must be entered, pressing the next button. The data
of the next vertex will be calculated automatically. The process must be repeated for
each of the vertices going to make up the alignment. The program will add a new vertex
whenever a longitude other than 0.0 is presented.

To record the data in a file, the accept button must be pressed once all the
vertices have been entered.

The records have the following fields:

Name Type Length No. of Remarks

Decimals
Station Numeric 11 3 Kilometer point
X Numeric 11 3
Y Numeric 11 3
Azimuth Numeric 8 4
Parameter Numeric 9 3 Clothoid section parameter
Radius Numeric 9 3

The button allows one to search for a specific station.

5.5.3. List

Shows a list with the alignment vertices. It is not allowed to add nor edit vertices at
this window; to this end, the Edit button must be pressed.

5.5.4. Draw

Shows a drawing of the alignment selected.

5.5.5. Define alignment by N points

Allows an alignment and the associated vertical alignment to be created, supplying

N points and an Initial Station.

Upon commencing this option, the names are requested for the alignment and
vertical alignment files.

5.5.6. Calculate

Entering a Station and an Offset and clicking the Calculate button shows the X and
Y coordinates of the point calculated, along with the alignment’s Azimuth and Radius
at the station indicated. The height and slope data are deactivated in this option. In order
to obtain them, the Tools > Points on Alignment option of the main menu should be
accessed.

5.5.7. Convert Polyline

Allows an alignment to be created from a polyline of the project’s current DXF or
Shape file. The initial vertex of the closest polyline to the point selected it taken as the
alignment’s initial vertex.

5.5.8. New File

Creates an empty alignment file.

5.5.9. Import File

Imports alignment files of the Inroads type (*.asc, *.txt), Clip (*.plt), Ispol (*.ali)
and LanXML (*.xml) (this latter format is only available in the PC version), converting
them into files compatible with MDT and with an extension *.eje. Once the operation
has been carried out, the imported file can be established as the current project file.

5.5.10. Delete File

Deletes an alignment file from the disk. If it belongs to the current project, the link
to the project is also deleted.

5.6. Cross-Sections

ONLY FULL VERSION

These files are compatible with the file format for modified terrain cross-section
profiles of the TcpMDT program (*.TRA). The profiles can be obtained by using the
MDT > Surfaces > Obtain Modified Terrain command or by using the format
conversion program supplied.

Each of the vertices in this kind of files has an associated numerical code on the
basis of its location (alignment, crown of slope, foot of slope, etc.) that allows them to
be differentiated. A vertex in each profile having an offset of 0.0 indicating the
alignment’s values must necessarily exist.

It is possible to load the cross-sections corresponding to both the subgrade as well as

the roadbed into the project. In options in which it is possible to work with either kind,
the user is given a choice.

The options available to manage this kind of files are the following:

5.6.1. Manage
Allows cross section profiles of the project to be added and deleted as well as listing
the selected file.

5.6.2. Draw
Allows the different profiles making up the file to be viewed.

To select the active file the button must be pressed. The cross sections of said
file are drawn in black.

For each profile the Station is shown and the elevations (MaxH MinH) and the
maximum and minimum distances to the alignment (MaxD MinD).
To go forward and back station the buttons of the graphic options' bar must be
pressed. It is also allowed to go directly to a specific K.P. with the option New Station
on the title bar menu.

The Edit option on the title bar menu allows the profile data to be viewed and
modified numerically.

By means of the layer management dialogue the view it is wished to have for
each profile can be configured (alignment, vertices, profile, codes, distances, elevations
etc).

The records have the following fields:

Name Type Length No. of Decimals Remarks

Station Numeric 11 3 Kilometer point
Distance Numeric 9 3
Height Numeric 8 3
Code Alphanumeric 14 -

5.6.3. New File

Allows a new empty cross-section file to be created.

5.6.4. Import File

Imports cross section files of the Inroads type (*.soe), Inroads (*.soe), Clip TRV
(*.trv), Clip platform (*.txt), Clip sub vertical alignment (*.txt) and LanXML (*.xml)
(this latter format is only available in the PC version), converting them into files
compatible with MDT and the extension *.tra. Once the operation has been carried out,
the imported file can be established as the current project file.

5.6.5. Delete File

Deletes a cross-sections file from the disk. If the file selected belongs to the active
project, the link to the project is also deleted.

5.6.6. Simple Section

Allows a cross section file to be created, modified in line with the following data:

Initial Station

Final Station

Station interval

Elevations: Allows an alignment to be entered manually for the alignment or to

take it from the project vertical alignment, where applicable. For the latter the Aut.
box must be selected A positive or negative increment can also be indicated in the
Incr.box which will be added to the elevation as it has been entered manually or
acquired automatically.

Superelevations %: Superelevations for the left and right-hand sides of the

alignment. If the Aut. box is marked, they will be taken from the superelevation file,
where applicable.

Plat. Width: Widths for the left and right platforms.

Slope x/y: Cutting and fill slopes on the left and right. The x /y value must be
entered. A negative value indicates fill and positive, cutting.

Once all the data has been entered, the name of the file where the profiles
created will be stored is requested. In addition, this file is established as an active
cross section.

If there is an alignment file in the project, the Initial Station and Final Station
boxes are filled automatically with the current alignment values.

5.7. Vertical Alignments

ONLY FULL VERSION

A vertical alignment is defined as a state of vertical alignments which shape the

design of the final state of a longitudinal profile. It involves certain distances to origin
and their absolute elevations with the possibility of linking the vertices to each other by
means of parabolic or circular segments (vertical alignments) which we will define by
any of their components: Kv (parabola parameter, this value must be equal or bigger
than 0.0) or R (radius of the circular), Tangent (length in middle branch orthogonal
projection on each of the alignments involved) or Arrow (maximum ordinate at the
vertex).

TcpGPS works indiscriminately with parabolic or circular alignments.

These files are compatible with the format of the files from the TcpMDT program
(*.RAS). The options to manage this type of files are as follows:

5.7.1. Select
Allows one to select a vertical alignment file.

5.7.2. Edit
Allows one to view and modify the current file’s records.

The Kv or Radius, the Tangent and the Arrow are automatically calculated in
manual data entry when one of them is entered. Depending on the type of the vertical
alignment file’s transition curve, the Kv (parabolic transition curve) or Radius (circular
transition curve) is shown on screen. The value of Kv parameter must be equal or bigger
than 0.0.

In addition to the common file management options, the ones appearing below are
available:

Allows a new vertex to be inserted at the vertical alignment.

Allows a given Station of the vertical alignment to be searched.

The records have the following fields:

Name Type Length No. of Decimals Description

Station Numeric 11 3 Kilometer point
Height Numeric 8 3 Vertex height
Kv / Radius Numeric 9 3
Tangent Numeric 9 3
Arrow Numeric 9 3

5.7.3. List
Allows the display of the current file records.

5.7.4. Draw
Shows a drawing of the current vertical alignment. Should transition curves be
defined, both the previous vertical alignment as well as the definitive vertical alignment
will be drawn.

Information about the station selected, the slope of the section to which the said
station belongs and the height are shown by clicking on the screen. If the point selected
projects onto any of the transition curves defined, the kv/radius, the tangent and the
corresponding arrow will additionally be shown.

The button with the letter F allows different scale values for the drawing.

5.7.5. Calculate
Entering a Station and clicking the Calculate button shows the corresponding height
and the slope of the section to which the said station belongs on screen.

5.7.6. New File

Creates an empty vertical alignment file and associates it to the current project.

5.7.7. Import File

Imports vertical alignment files of the Inroads type (*.asc, *.txt), Clip (*.alz),
Ispol (*.lsr) and LanXML (*.xml) (this latter format is only available in the PC version),
converting them into files compatible with MDT and the extension *.ras. Once the
operation has been carried out, the imported file can be established as the current project
file.

5.7.8. Delete File

Deletes a vertical alignment file from the disk. If the file selected belongs to the
active project, the link to the project is also deleted.

5.8. Superelevations

ONLY FULL VERSION

These files are compatible with TcpMDT (*.PER) files.

The options available to manage this kind of files are the following:

5.8.1. List
Allows the display and modification of the current file records.

The records have the following fields:

Name Type Length No. of Decimals Remarks

Station Numeric 11 3 Kilometer point
Left-H. Numeric 6 3 Left-hand superelevation
Right-H. Numeric 6 3 Right-hand superelevation

If the value of the right-hand and left-hand side superelevations is “P”, it

indicates that there is pumping. In other words the value of both superelevations is –
2.0%.

To establish the crown value at a given station, the button must be pressed.

5.8.2. Draw
Shows the current superelevation file graphic.

5.8.3. New File

Creates an empty superelevation file.

5.8.4. Delete File

Deletes a superelevation file from the disk. If the file selected belongs to the active
project, the link to the project is also deleted.

5.9. Longitudinal Profiles

These files are compatible with the file format for modified terrain cross-section
profiles of the TcpMDT (*.LON). These profiles can be obtained by using the
command MDT > Longitudinal Profiles > Obtain Profile.

Longitudinal profiles that have previously been generated using the Surveying >
Longitudinal Profile option can be viewed and edited using these options.

The options available to manage this kind of files are the following:

5.9.1. Select
Allows one to select a longitudinal profile file.

5.9.2. Create from cross-sections

ONLY FULL VERSION

Allows a new longitudinal profile to be created from a cross sections file. Establishes
the new file created as a current file.

5.9.3. List
Allows one to view and modify the current file’s records.

The records have the following fields:

Name Type Length No. of Decimals Remarks

Station Numeric 11 3
Height Numeric 8 3
Code Alphanumeric 14 -

5.9.4. Draw
Enables one to graphically view the longitudinal profile’s drawing. The Station
and Height are shown when a vertex of the profile is clicked.

5.9.5. New File

Creates an empty longitudinal profile file.

5.9.6. Delete File

Deletes a longitudinal profile file from the disk. If the file selected belongs to the
active project, the link to the project is also deleted.

5.10. Surfaces
These files are compatible with the surfaces format of the TcpMDT (*.SUP) v.4.0
or above. It has the following options:

5.10.1. Select
Allows one to select a surfaces file.

5.10.2. Draw
Allows one to view the current file.

Shows a quick profile of the surface. To this end, the button be pressed,
selecting the two points which delimit the area it is wished to view by means of
an elastic line.

5.11. Results
These are files that store the information on the points set out. They are
automatically created by default when the project is created and have the same name as
the project with the RES extension.

The options available to manage this kind of files are the following:

5.11.1. Select
Allows one to select a results file.

5.11.2. View
Allows one to view the information on the points set out.

• Time and date in which the point was set out.

• Info: Data on the point set out depending on the setting out option selected.
For instance: Station 1450.000 Movement. -5.345 for the Station and
Movement, Point 155 for the Point setting out option.

If the information does not fit on the screen, this will be indicated
with suspensive points and everything will be shown by pressing the cell
by means of a message.

• Coordinates of the point set out.

• Code assigned to the point set out.
• Differences between the theoretical setting out point and the point set out.

5.11.3. Convert to Points

Allows one to create a points file (N X Y Z Code) with the result file’s data.

The Code field is filled in with the theoretical setting out data.

5.11.4. New File

Creates an empty results file.

5.11.5. Delete File

Deletes a results file from the disk. If the file selected belongs to the active project,
the link to the project is also deleted.

5.12. Cartography
In the different data acquisition and setting out options, the program allows the use
of cartography files with different formats as well as working in real time with the
WMS services (Web Map Service) if there is an Internet connection.

DXF

The entities recognised for this type of files are: texts, lines, polylines, light
polylines, arcs, circles and points. The colour is assigned by layer if it is not assigned by
entity.

Supports the AutoCAD versions 12, 13, 14, 2000 and 2004.

The project only allows one active file at any time.

Shape

This type of files is managed by means of the following window:

Up to 10 Shape files can be added in the same project. Each will be loaded in a
different layer.

In order to load this type of file it is necessary to include files with an extension
*.SHP and *.SHX in the same directory.

WMS

The WMS service allows cartography to be downloaded in real time online.

To this end, it is necessary to connect to a server and indicate the layers, the
coordinates' system and the image format (in the current TcpGPS version only JPEG
images are allowed). The programs makes consultations of these elements by means of
the following screen:

The upper left-hand side shows the list of WMS servers. By default, those used most
in Spain are shown, but it is also possible to add other new ones and edit the existing
ones.

The CRS list contains the EPSG codes (See section Settings > Geodesy) which
supports the server. This code must coincide with the one which has been selected in the
project properties. By pressing the button on the right-hand side of the list, a message
is shown with the coordinate limits for the selected system. This additional data is solely
for informative purposes as the program automatically downloads the cartography
corresponding to the current GPS position.

The View Map button provides a preview of the cartography with the data
selected.

To deactivate this type of cartography in the different data acquisition options, None
must be selected from the WMS Server list.

Images
A further possibility offered by the program to add cartography to the project is by
means of georreferenced images in JPG format (less than 1MB), JPEG 2000 and ECW.

The image management is similar to that of the Shape files. Up to 10 image files can
be added in the same project.

6. GPS

6.1. Connect
Starts up communications with the GNSS receiver with the parameters specified in
configuration.

6.2. Position and Satellites

The data being continually received from the GNSS receiver concerning the current
position and its precision, as well as on the satellites detected and the radio link can be
viewed with this option.

6.2.1. Position
Shows the current coordinates in several ways.

UTC Time Indicates Universal Time Coordinated, which is the international

standard for measuring time. See glossary.

PDOP: An empirical and non-dimensional indicator on the quality of the position

received (Position Dilution of Precision). The lower its value the greater the quality.
See glossary.

Position: Indicator on the kind of current position. It varies depending on the GPS
receiver model used. Should there only be a single receiver that does not receive any
correction signal, the possible values are Not Valid and Autonomous. Otherwise,
RTK Float., RTK Fixed and DGPS may be shown.

HP: Horizontal precision of the position received in meters.

VP: Vertical precision of the position received in meters.

Used Sat.: Number of satellites involved in calculating the current position.

Satellites belonging to the NAVSTAR constellation are indicated with GPS and
those of the GLONASS constellation are indicated with GLO. The latter are only
shown if the GPS receiver is equipped accordingly.

Detect. Sat.: Number of satellites detected in the constellations although they may
not have been used to calculate the position.

6.2.2. Satellites
Shows information about the satellites received. There are three ways of showing
this data:

6.2.2.1 Constellation
Shows a graphic containing the satellite constellation’s current distribution in the
sky in relation to the observer.

Each satellite’s name has the <Constellation> <Name> format. Satellites belonging
to the NAVSTAR constellation are shown in blue with the letter G and those of the
GLONASS constellation are shown in red with the letter R. The ones in bold type are
active.

The different concentric circles comprising the constellation indicate elevation

intervals of 20 sexagesimal degrees. The current elevation mask is shown with a thicker
stroke, so that any satellites beyond it are not used to calculate the position.

Data such as name, azimuth, elevation and signal/noise relationship of the satellite
selected are shown in the lower part when the drawing is clicked.

6.2.2.2 Listing
Shows the following information in a table for each of the satellites detected:

• Name of satellite with <Constellation> <Name> format. Satellites belonging

to the NAVSTAR constellation are shown with the letter G and those of the
GLONASS constellation with the letter R. The + sign at the end of each
name indicates that it is an active satellite. That is to say, it is used to
calculate the data.
• Azimuth in relation to the North in sexagesimal degrees.
• Elevation in relation to the vertical line above the observer in sexagesimal
degrees.
• Signal/Noise relationship for L1 and L2 frequencies in db*MHz.
• State of each satellite, which includes a numerical indicator and a
description. Some of the possible codes include:

Code Description
6 Bad State
10 Bad State
16 Low elevation
23 Weak signal
52 L1
52 L1
53 L2
54 L2
55 L2

6.2.2.3 SNR
Shows a bar graph containing the L1 and L2 signal power (in db*MHz) of the
satellites detected.

The L2 signal is shown in green and the L1 signal in blue for NAVSTAR satellites,
and the L1 signal is shown in red for GLONASS satellites. If the satellite is inactive, a
transparent bar is shown.

Using the option Activate/Deactivate Satellites on the title bar menu the screen can
be accessed which allows the individual management of the satellites of the two
constellations so they can be used or otherwise to calculate the position.

By checking the desired number of the PRN / FCN column, use of the indicated
satellite is activated or deactivated. The accept button must be pressed to make the
changes effective.

6.2.3. RTK
Shows data on the real-time configuration of the GPS receiver.

Position Type: Current position type calculated by the receiver (Autonomous, RTK
Float, RTK Fixed or DGPS).

Used Sat.: Number of satellites used to make the calculation.

Detect. Sat.: Number of satellites detected.

Data Link: Indicates the radio link’s quality as a percentage. 100% corresponds to
optimum quality.

Age: Shows the time in seconds that has passed since the last information was
received in real-time.

Ambiguity: Indicates the percentage ambiguities calculated to determine the

position in a floating manner. The larger the number, the less time it should take to
fix the position.

Base ID: Name set in the base receiver when RTK mode was initiated.

Dist. to Ref.: Distance between the reference base and current point.

The Reboot button allows one to initialize the system in real time going through
autonomous mode first and then to floating mode before fixed mode.

6.3. Configure Base

This option allows one to configure the GNSS receiver in RTK mode, so that the
mobile receivers can work with a precision of centimeters.

The method through which the receiver will be initiated should first be selected

There are a series of common controls for the different modes in the dialog boxes of
each of these options

Antenna Height: Indicates the height of the antenna of the current style selected. A
dialog box where the rest of the properties can be modified (internal or external,
model, type of measurement, etc.) can be accessed by clicking the button located to
the right

Id: Name assigned to the reference, which will be saved in the stations file
associated to the current project.

Coordinates: Depending on the option selected, the current coordinates will be

shown as geodetic WGS-84 coordinates projected in the datum associated to the
current project or local coordinates if some kind of calibration has been defined.

Post-process: If this box is checked, the recording of the observations in the

receiver will be activated in order to make a post-process calculation, combining
this information with that of the roving device. In which case, it is necessary to fill
in the File box entering a valid name. The default value is in DDMMhhmm format
(day-month-hour-minutes).

Start: The GNSS receiver is configured by clicking this button, so that it will start to
transmit information by radio or GSM. This can be checked by means of the light
indicators of the relevant transmitter.

It is obligatory to enter the reference’s name for all these options. This is stored in
the current stations file through the Unknown Position or Manual Entry options.
Depending on whether or not a calibration system has been selected for the project,
local coordinates or projected coordinates will respectively be saved.

See the User’s Manual to check the practical applications of each of these cases.

6.3.1. Unknown Position

Allows one to configure the GNSS receiver with the coordinates it is currently
receiving in autonomous mode. This option is ideal to work with when a local system
will be created. Thus, the exact location of the reference station is of little importance or
it will be located in a different position for each session.

Auto: The receiver’s current coordinates are obtained by clicking this button. They
are shown on screen in a format that depends on the type of coordinates chosen. It
can be clicked as many times as one wishes. The receiver will start up with the last
coordinates read.

When Start is clicked, a notice will be shown if the antenna height has not been
modified since this option was chosen.

6.3.2. Select File

Allows the reference to be initiated with coordinates stored in the project’s points or
stations file. The distance between the current position and the point or station selected
should be less than 100 m.

In order to select a point or station desired, a name should be selected from the list
and the ok button clicked. Alternatively, its name can be written in the box appearing
above the list and the Find button clicked.

Once the ok button is clicked in this dialog box the following screen is shown. The
meaning of its controls is identical to the ones described in this section’s introduction.

6.3.3. Manual Entry

Allows one to configure the reference station by manually entering the projected
coordinates or, should it be the case, the local coordinates by directly entering their
numerical values. The selection of one or other kind of coordinates (local or projected)
is done automatically depending on whether or not there is a local system in the project.

The distance between the current position and the position marked by the
coordinates entered should be less than 100 m.

The way this dialog box works is similar to the one described above.

6.4. Configure Rover

This option configures the rover receiver to receive corrections in RTK via radio,
GSM or GPRS or DGPS corrections with SBAS or OMNISTAR (all these
configurations are not available for all receivers). The following dialogue is shown:

The antenna height shown corresponds to the style selected for configuration.

In the Ref. Station Id. box the same identifier can be selected as has been given to
the base receiver if it is wished to avoid interference from other equipment. This option
only makes sense for RTK with radio or GSM.

The data for the rover’s configuration are transmitted by clicking on ok button.

Should an application option be accessed in which it is necessary to have configured

the rover without having done so, the configure rover screen appears. It has the Change
Settings option or ignore the configuration to keep the existing settings (Continue with
Current Configuration).

6.5. Styles
A style file is a file that stores the configuration, precision and recording parameters
of a specific GNSS receiver model for a specific job.

The following options are available to manage this kind of file:

Information on the brand and model of the currently selected receiver appear on the
top of the screen, as do the styles associated to it.

6.5.1. Edit
Allows one to modify the style parameters selected. It contains the following
sections:

6.5.1.1 Antenna
Shows parameters concerning the GNSS receiver’s antenna.

Type: One can specify whether the antenna is external or internal through this
option.

Model: Shows a list of the different antenna models available for the type selected.

Height: Default height that appears when the receiver is configured.

Offset: Offsetting that is added to the antenna’s height, depending on the model
selected.

Measurement Type: Specifies the way in which the antenna’s height extends. That
is to say, whether it is vertical or inclined from its base to one of the ends.

6.5.1.2 Radio modem

Shows the radio modems supported and the parameters to configure the
communications ports.

In the case of Base RTK styles, the Radio modem box will be activated so that
radio 1 or 2 can be selected. This enables the receiver to be configured with two
different radios. It is enough to select “-”, so as not to take radio 2 into consideration.

The receiver’s radio can be configured by clicking on the Configure button. The
radio’s configuration parameters should have been previously selected:

• Port of the receiver to which the radio is connected.

• Bits per second.
• Parity
• Data bits
• Stop bits

The appropriate Frequency Table should first be selected in the configuration

screen if there are various for the type of radio selected. Then the channel one wishes to
set (by clicking Set Channel) should be selected from the Channel Listing. The radio’s
current channel appears on this list by default.

A specific channel can be sought in the table selected by writing the number in the
Channel box and clicking on the Find button.

In addition to the option to configure the channel, each modem radio may have a
series of additional functions associated. For example, for ArWest digital radios the
following are presented:

6.5.1.3 Real Time

Configuration parameters of the GNSS receiver’s real-time system.

Radio modem: This box is activated for Base RTK type styles, so that the real-time
parameters of two different radios may be configured.

Mode: Specifies the work mode for real-time, which can be Phase Differential
(RTK – Real Time Kinematic) or Code Differential (DGPS = Differential Global
Positioning System). See glossary of terms.

Format: Protocol used for the radio link. The possibilities depend on the model of
the GPS receiver configured.

Corrections: Allows one to mainly select the type of DGPS corrections used by the
receiver. In some cases, it also combines with RTK mode.

Protocol: Indicates the channel used to send/receive corrections. 3 possibilities are

offered:

-: Conventional UHF radio.

GSM: Mobile telephony network. GSM.
NTRIP: Mobile telephony network. GPRS. NTRIP Protocol.

The Details button allows one to configure each type’s additional parameters.

If GSM is selected, it will be necessary to enter the PIN number of the receiver
modem’s SIM card and the telephone number (Station Number) which must be called
from the rover. The Connection Time section allows one to indicate the time in minutes
past which the connection will be reinitiated. This option is useful to save on costs, as
there are companies that offer a flat rate up to a certain number of minutes.

For the connection via NTRIP the telephony provider data must be indicated with
whom the service was contracted (User, Password, Number and APN), the PIN number
of the SIM card, the IP address and the connection Port and, finally, the User name and
Password for accessing the NTRIP server.

The Operator and NTRIP lists contain the most usual telephony providers and
NTRIP servers in Spain, respectively. Every time data from either of them are selected,
the fields which correspond with the predetermined values will be automatically
completed. The dropdown menu of the title bar provides options which allow new
NTRIP servers and operators to be edited and created.

Position Update (Hz): Frequency with which the receiver refreshes the position.
A list containing the available values according to the receiver’s model and the options
acquired is shown.

6.5.1.4 Advanced Options

These check boxes offer the possibility of activating and deactivating advanced
receiver options.

Multipath Reduction: If this option is activated, interference caused by satellite

signals being reflected from buildings and other structures is reduced.

Co-Op Tracking: This option enhances the tracking of individual channels, making
it possible to obtain better performance for jobs in real time.

Ambiguity Level. Allows the ambiguity setting level to be established.

Satellite System: Either GPS + GLONASS or GPS can be selected, depending on

the model of the receiver.

6.5.1.5 Saving
Shows the receiver’s and the application’s recording options

Positions to save: This option specifies when the points observed when surveying
are considered valid. For instance, if only the RTK Fixed option is checked, only the
points surveyed with this type of position will be saved. A warning will be displayed
for other kinds of positions and confirmation will be requested to store the point
observed.

If the Save for post-processing option is checked, the Recording interval(s) check
box is activated which states every how many seconds observations will be recorded
in the GPS receiver. If the static style is set, the options appearing in the Recording
Time option will also be activated. These determine the length of time each point is
recorded. Three options are available:

• User defined: Allows one to specify the recording time in seconds.

• Manual: The recording of the point ends when the users so desires.
• Automatic: The time is set on the basis of the number of satellites used at the
moment the recording process is initiated according to the following table:

No. of satellites Time in seconds

Less than or equivalent 1200
to 4
5 900
Greater than 5 600

The different options will request the file name to be created in the receiver.

6.5.1.6 Accuracy
The parameter values that set the quality with which data will be acquired are set in
this section.

Elevation Mask: Elevation value or zenith angle of the satellites below which they
will not be used to calculate the data in sexagesimal degrees.

Maximum PDOP: Empirical precision value of the position supplied by the GPS
receiver above which any data acquired will not be considered valid. See glossary.

Min. Satellites: Number of satellites beyond which the GPS receiver commences to
give positions.

Epochs: Number of observations made for each point surveyed. The time between
every measurement is 1 second.

Accuracy: Horizontal and Vertical precision values below which the positions
given by the GNSS receiver will not be considered valid, which affects surveying
and setting out.

6.5.2. Rename
Allows one to change the name of an existing style.

6.5.3. Copy
Allows one to copy an existing style. A name is requested for the new file. If you
wish to create a new style, an existing style should be copied and the necessary
parameters changed.

6.5.4. Assign
This option allows one to select the work styles to be used in the different program
options. Thus, whenever an option is changed, the application will take the parameter
values of the style selected for the option chosen, in addition to configuring the GNSS
receiver.

This option can also be accessed from Settings > Styles.

6.5.5. Delete
Deletes an existing style. Confirmation is requested.

6.6. Terminal
The information received by the GNSS receiver can be viewed through this option.

Additionally, commands can be manually sent to the receiver. In order to do so,

click the Command button and the next window will be displayed where the commands
to the receiver can be sent.

Send. Sends the command written in the box above to the GPS receiver.

Clear: Deletes the terminal’s screen.

Script: Allows a command sequence stored in a text file to be loaded. This should be
an ASCII file with the txt extension, having one command per line.

Save: Saves the terminal’s responses in a text file.

6.7. Other Functions

The following of options are available in this section of the application:

6.7.1. Reference Coordinates

Allows the coordinates with which the reference station has been configured to be
viewed from the rover.

6.7.2. Activate NMEA Output

Sends the necessary commands to the receiver, so that it starts transmitting
information about position, quality, satellites, etc.

6.7.3. GPS On / Off

Switches the GNSS receiver on or off.

6.7.4. Post-process
This option is activated if save for post-processing has been activated in the GNSS
receiver. One can Pause, Continue or Stop the recording process.

6.7.5. Initialize Receiver

Sets the default values of the receiver’s configuration parameters.

6.7.6. Reinitialize Receiver

Clears the GNSS receiver’s memory and sets the factory settings. In addition to
initializing the configuration parameters like the previous option, it deletes information
on ephemeris.

This process can last various minutes until the new almanac is generated. It does not
delete any observation files saved in the receiver.

6.7.7. Receiver Files

Allows one to view and delete any files stored in the GNSS receiver. The files’
name and size (in KB or MB), as well as the time and date each file was created are
displayed.

6.7.8. Data Link

Shows the status of each receiver port configured to receive corrections.

6.7.9. Disconnect NTRIP

At receivers where the GNSS receiver firmware manages the GPRS connection,
the Internet connection and hence the connection to the NTRIP server can be
deactivated.

6.7.10. LOG File

Allows the NMEA output of the GNSS receiver to be recorded in a file. The menu
presents options to Activate, Deactivate and Resume the recording.

The data is stored in a file called LOG.TXT in the current project folder.

6.8. Disconnect
Shuts down connections between the application and the GNSS receiver. A message
is displayed when the process has been completed.

7. Local Systems
Calibration systems can be created in this section which allow the projected
coordinates to be transformed into the coordinates of a specific local system.

Subsequently, they can be selected in the active project to work in the local
system defined.

Based on the traditional coordinates' transformation methods and in view of their

size, a classification has been carried out which includes said methods in addition to a
combination of some of them.

3 transformation units are presented:

2D : Includes the 4-parameter Helmert transformation and a coordinates

translation in x and y.

2D Translations
Calculates the x and y displacements by means of the average of the differences
between origin and destination. Only a pair of points is required.

Formulas:

x' = x + Tx
y' = y + Ty

where:

x', y' = Transformed x,y coordinates

x,y = Original x,y coordinates
Tx = Translation x
Ty = Translation y

2D-Helmert

It is also known as the 4-parameter similarity transformation. The

transformation process includes 3 steps: scaling, rotation and translations.

The first two are defined by one parameter each and the translations include:

At least two pairs of points are required.

Formulas:

x' = (S  cos )  x + (S  sin )  y + Tx

y' = −(S  sin )  x + (S  cos )  y + Ty

where:

x', y' = Transformed x,y coordinates

x,y = Original x,y coordinates
S = Scale
 = Rotation angle
Tx = Translation x
Ty = Translation y

3D : This group is formed by the 7-parameter Helmert transformation and a coordinates

translation in x, y and z.

3D Translations

This type of transformation calculates the x, y and z displacements by means of

the average of the differences between origin and destination. Only a pair of
points is required.

Formulas:

x' = x + Tx
y' = y + Ty
z ' = z + Tz

where:

x', y', z' = Transformed x,y,z coordinates

x,y, z = Original x,y,z coordinates
Tx = Translation x
Ty = Translation y
Tz = Translation z

3D-Helmert

It is also known as the transformation of 7 parameters. The parameters

involved are: three rotations, three translations and a scale factor. The rotation
matrix is constructed by means of three consecutive turns around the alignments
x, y, z. At least 3 pairs of points must be available.

Formulas:

x' = S (m11  x + m12  y + m13  z) + Tx

y' = S (m21  x + m22  y + m23  z) + Ty

z' = S (m31  x + m32  y + m33  z) + Tz

where:

x', y', z' = Transformed x,y,z coordinates

x,y, z = Original x,y,z coordinates
S = Scale
Tx, Ty, Tz = Translations in x,y,z
m11...m33 = Rotation matrix coefficients

2D + 1D : 3 dimensional transformations which use 2D-Helmert for planimetry and

translation in z or translation in z and slopes x and y for altimetry.

2D-Helmert + Vertical Displacement

This type of transformation is a combination of the transformation of 4-

parameter Helmert and a displacement in z. This translation is the average of the
differences of this component between the points of origin and destination.

Formulas:

x' = (S  cos )  x + (S  sin  )  y + Tx

y' = −(S  sin )  x + (S  cos )  y + Ty
z ' = z + Tz
where:

x', y' = Transformed x,y coordinates

x,y = Original x,y coordinates
S = Scale
 = Rotation angle
Tx = Translation x
Ty = Translation y
Tz = Translation z

2D-Helmert + Vertical Displacement and Slopes

As with the previous transformation, this is a combination of the 4-parameter
Helmert transformation and a translation in z calculated in line with a
displacement and inclinations of the x and y components. At least two pairs of
points are required with x and y coordinates and three with the z component.

Formulas:

x' = (S  cos )  x + (S  sin  )  y + Tx

y' = −(S  sin )  x + (S  cos )  y + Ty
z' = z + Tz + Px  ( x − x0) + Py  ( y − y0)
where:
x', y' = Transformed x,y coordinates
x,y = Original x,y coordinates
S = Scale
 = Rotation angle
Tx = Translation x
Ty = Translation y
Tz = Translation z
Px = Slope x
Py = Slope y
X0 = Original x coordinate of the first pair of points
Y0 = Original y coordinate of the first pair of points

To manage the local systems the following options' menu is presented:

Two modes are distinguished between to define the transformations:

By Parameters : Directly entering the values of the transformation equation parameters.

Displacements must be entered in metres and the angle format must be sexagesimal in

degrees, minutes and seconds (separated by space) and in an anti-clockwise direction

with 0 in the East.

By Points : By entering a series of origin and destination coordinate pairs, 2D or 3D,

and calculating the equations' systems of the selected method.

It allows the entering of the pairs of points from a file by means of the Origin
File and Destination File buttons or manually by pressing the Insert button.

The files must be of the point (*.PUN) or base (*.BSE) type. For origin data
geographic coordinates' files are also permitted with an extension *.W84 created under
the option File Management > GPS Data.

If a point is entered manually the Name, Coordinates Origin and Destination

must be indicated and whether it will be used for planimetry, Control H, altimetry,
Control V or in both cases. It is also possible to edit the values of these parameters for
any point, whatever the insertion method.

The program endeavours to resolve the selected transformation equations'

system every time any change is made to the list of pairs of points, either by inserting,
editing or eliminating pairs. If a solution is found, the calculated values will be shown
as well as the standard deviation of each parameter. The angle format is sexagesimal in
degrees, minutes and seconds and in an anti-clockwise direction with 0 in the East. The
displacements are shown in metres.

By contrast, if the MSE button is pressed, the screen is accessed which shows
the mean square error and the maximum residuals of each x, y, z component. Depending
on the size of the transformation, the following square errors are calculated:

2D : Mean square error H (x, y).

3D : Mean square error 3D (x,y,z), H (x, y), V(z).
2D + 1D : Mean square error H (x, y), V(z).

The possibility is also offered of creating a local system report through the
option Create HTML Report from the context menu.

An example of this has been shown below:

Transformation Data
File D:\Transform\Doc\H2D.htm
Type Helmert (4-parameter similarity transformation) (2D)
Date and Time 07/04/2012 13:27:33

Parameters
TX 1050003.715 ± 0.123
TY 50542.131 ± 0.123
Rotation 176°46'54.97952'' ± 0°1'58.89222''
Scale 4.51962 ± 0.00058

Statistics
ECM 0.1142
Standard Deviation 0.140
Max X Residual 0.105 (Control Point 3)
Max Y Residual 0.106 (Control Point 3)

Control Points
Number of Control Points 3
Control Point Used X Origin Y Origin Z Origin X Destination Y Destination Z Destination X Residual Y Residual
1 Yes 121.622 -128.066 50.000 1049422.400 51089.200 30.000 0.004 -0.029
2 Yes 141.228 187.718 40.000 1049413.950 49659.300 20.000 0.101 -0.077
3 Yes 175.802 135.728 30.000 1049244.950 49884.950 10.000 -0.105 0.106

Once the parameters have been calculated or entered manually, the accept button
must be pressed to create the local system. It is an ASCII file with the extension NTR
and with the following format (example of 2D-Helmert transformation):
[Type]
2D Helmert (4-parameter similarity transformation)
[Parameters]
1050003.71454
50542.13112
3.085426889
4.519620520
[Inverse Parameters]
232582.62262
-1876.44668
-3.085426889
0.221257507
[MSE]
3D 0.0000 H 0.1142 V 0.0000
[Inverse MSE]
3D 0.0000 H 0.0253 V 0.0000
[Standard Deviation]
0.140
[Max X Residual]
0.105 (Control Point 3)
[Max Y Residual]
0.106 (Control Point 3)
[Control Points]
3
[Point Used HControl VControl XSource YSource ZSource XTarget YTarget ZTarget XRes YRes
ZRes]
1 1 1 1 121.622 -128.066 50.000 1049422.400 51089.200 30.000 0.004 -0.029 ?
2 1 1 1 141.228 187.718 40.000 1049413.950 49659.300 20.000 0.101 -0.077 ?
3 1 1 1 175.802 135.728 30.000 1049244.950 49884.950 10.000 -0.105 0.106 ?

After creating the transformation file, it will be necessary to go to the option

Project > Properties and select it from the list Local System. If a different directory
has been recorded from that of the current project, a copy must be made to the latter
using the option Local System > Import. This option affords the possibility of
activating it directly without having to do so in project properties.

7.1. Apply Local System

This option allows the application of the transformation of coordinates of an
existing system to a points or bases file. To this end, the program requests the
Origin file, Destination file and Local System file. Once this data has been entered
the Apply button must be pressed.

7.2. Place in Local System

This option applies an additional displacement to an existing local system, allowing
the correction of any differences there may be between the current coordinates of the
reference base and their corresponding project coordinates.

If the mobile receiver is restarted and this option is used again, Use Current
Displacements is permitted which are applied to the local system, avoiding having to
acquire the points again to calculate the displacements. Confirmation is requested as
well as showing said displacements.

The Insert button allows points to be added with known coordinates to calculate the
displacements which must be applied. Every time a new point is added, the residuals at
x, y, z are calculated for each. Furthermore, the maximum horizontal and vertical errors
of the set of points read are shown.

By pressing the GPS button the current coordinates are read and they are
transformed in accordance with the calibration system selected in the project (no
additional displacement is applied). The point can be read with epochs.

In the Destination section an indication must be provided of the coordinates in the local
system which correspond to the current base.

The Delete button deletes the selected point from the list in such a way that it ceases
to form part of the set of points with which the displacements are calculated.

The dialog not only shows the residuals in x, y, z but also the maximum horizontal
and vertical errors found.

8. Surveying
This section provides a series of options which allow surveying of various forms as
well as acquiring longitudinal profiles and cross sections and making recording for post
processing.

The controls and data common to the different menu options have been described
below:

Number: Number of name with which the next point read will be recorded. This
value will gradually be increased automatically as and when points are recorded.

Antenna: This box establishes the value of the GPS receiver antenna height. The
button also allows the type of antenna to be changed as well as the measurement
mode.

Code: Indicates the code with which it is wished to save the next point which is
acquired. Multiple codes can be assigned by pressing the button which allows a
new code to be added. A selection can be made from the drop down list which
contains data base codes of the application or by entering them manually, in which
case, if the code does not exist on said data base, upon acquiring a point it will be
stored if the Add codes automatically option is activated (see section Settings >
Surveying).

The order in which the codes are shown in this box may be alphabetic or in line with
their use in the points file or longitudinal (see section Settings > Surveying).

To add the suffixes which indicate a break line to the codes there is a drop down list
with the following options:

Point: Indicates that the selected code is of the point type.

Start: When selecting this option the letter I is added automatically to the end of the
code. In this way it is indicated that the point which is going to be acquired is the
start of a break line.

Line: Indicates that the selected code is of the line type.

End: When pressing this button the letter F is added automatically to the end of the
code . In this way it is indicated that the point which is going to be acquired is the
end of a break line.

Closure: By pressing this button the letter C is added automatically to the end of the
code . In this way it is indicated that the point which is going to be acquired is the
end of a break line and it has to be joined with the first point of this line.

allows the recording of the data currently registered in the files associated
with each option. Just click this button or press the key programd to this end (see
chapter Settings).

shows a window where the receiver can be viewed as regards all the project
components (cartography, points, bases, alignment etc).

allows the monitoring of the receiver position. If the latter is not visible, it is
centered on the screen. As well as monitoring Automatic Rotation of the drawing
can be activated in the Graphic Configuration option of the dropdown menu. The
drawing will be rotated in line with the course marked by the receiver.

allows the configuration of the work styles to be accessed, allowing the

precision parameters to be changed. This option is developed in greater detail in the
section Styles on the GPS menu.

affords the possibility of editing the data recorded in the various options.

allows the creation of an empty file of the type associated with each option.

The graphic part of each option shows a context menu which allows options
to be accessed which are used less frequently such as change code, modify work
style parameters, enter a new point number etc.

Depending on the style configuration and the circumstances under which the reading
was carried out, when trying to record a point a screen may appear warning that it does
not have the desired precision. In this way the reading can be considered valid or it can
be carried out again with greater precision.

Any data which fails to meet the precision limits established is shown in bold; in the
case of the example, this is the horizontal precision (HP).

The Surveying and Continuous options will show as break lines the alignments
acquired under option Survey Alignment, the longitudinals acquired in the option
Longitudinal Profile and the transversals acquired under the Cross Section Profile
option whenever the data base file of the application has the codes SAL, SLP, SCP,
respectively, and are of the line type. Said codes may only be used in their
corresponding options. (See Settings > Code Database > Reserved Codes in order to
be able to modify said codes).

8.1. Survey
This option allows a topographic survey to be performed and it saves the points in
the project file selected. These points should be recorded using the button designed for
such a purpose. See this chapter’s introduction for information about common options.

A GPS observation is made for each point recorded. It is possible to increase the
number of observations for each point in order to obtain greater precision. In order to do
so, the style of the current job should be accessed through the button and the
number of epochs (1 by default) should be changed in the Precision section. The
readings are carried out every second and once they have been made, the typical
deviations for x, y, z are shown. If the Show Readings option has been activated, a
window will appear first where the readings can be selected which intervene in the
calculation of the mean point.

In addition to the elements mentioned in the chapter’s introduction, the points file’s
existing break lines will be shown in the graphics option. Only the program’s database
codes (mdt.bdc file) will be valid to draw them.

A window allowing the distance between two points in the current file to be
calculated is displayed when is clicked.

The option allows displaced points to be calculated by different methods.

Any distances requested can be read using the different options with the help of a
distance meter laser. The < key should be used in order to do so. The device should
have previously been configured using the Settings > Distancemeter option.

The points of reference to calculate a new point should be selected using the
button.

Azimuth / Distance

By supplying a point of reference and some Distance, Azimuth and Height

Difference values, a new point can be calculated.

Line

Allows a point to be calculated at a specific distance from the end point of a

previously defined line.

The Height Difference with regard to the end point can optionally be entered to
calculate the height of the new point.

Distances / Points

This method allows a point to be calculated by supplying 2 or 3 points and the

corresponding distances between these and the point to be calculated.

Should only 2 points be used, which of the 2 possible solutions (to the left or right
of point 2) should be specified for it to be recorded.

8.2. Continuous
Like the previous option, this option allows a topographic survey to be carried out,
however the points are recorded automatically.

The criteria followed to record the points are set by defining Distance (minimum
0.01 meters), Time (minimum 0.1 seconds), Height Difference (minimum 0.01 meters)
or any combination thereof.

Should various of these parameters be chosen, the first that is met will be taken into
account.

If the Add Position Type to Code box is marked, each point recorded will have the
position code indicated as well as the position type with which the point was observed.

Example: TREE-RTK Fixed.

It is possible to record isolated points by clicking on the button or pressing the

shortcut key configured for such a task. The number of epochs is also taken into account
to record these points.

The automatic recording of points is activated using the button and it can be
stopped by using the button.

Automatic recording can be done in either numerical or graphic mode.

The window showing the loss of precision warning has a button that allows one to
stop continuous recording.

8.3. Longitudinal Profile

ONLY FULL VERSION

This command will be used for exceptional works of a linear nature, electrical lines,
road alignments etc. To this end points will be acquired with the receiver if there is an
alignment file in the project the station will be shown at all times and the displacement
of the point read.

In this section it is necessary for there to be both file types (*.PUN and *.LON) in
the project.

The Code box shows as a default option the code reserved for the longitudinal
acquisition (SLP), if it is wished to acquire an isolated point just leave the Code box
empty, for both cases double codes can be added by clicking the button.

The codes shown when clicking the button are of the point type and the new
codes entered will be stored as a point type in the code data base file of the application.

Each recorded point is stored in the points' file; if it forms part of the longitudinal,
the first point will be recorded with the SLP I code, LongitudinalFileName, Code and
the rest of the points with the code SLP, Code, the isolated points will be recorded with
the code which has been selected.

On existing this option it will be asked whether it is wished to complete the

longitudinal profile; if affirmative, a dialogue will be shown where the Regression
boundary can be entered (establishes the interval on the left and right of the alignment
where the points are to be found which are projected onto the alignment); in this way, a
longitudinal profile is calculated whose elevations are directly assigned in line with the
points there are near the alignment inside the boundary which has been specified.
Finally, the points' file will be updated, comparing it with the longitudinal profile
calculated and the codes of those points will be modified which have remained outside
the profile and the code SLP F, Code will be added to the last point belonging to the
longitudinal.

© Aplitop S.L. 100

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Upon completing the profile, points acquisition cannot be continued otherwise a

new file is not created (*.LON).

allows the last point acquired to be undone.

displays a graphic with the status of the longitudinal acquired up till now.

This window indicates the total profile length, the initial station and the final station
Furthermore, by checking the longitudinal information about the station and the
elevation corresponding to the point selected is shown.

This allows the creation of an empty longitudinal file.

In addition to the elements stated in the introduction to the chapter, the project
alignment polyline will be shown, where applicable.

ONLY BASIC VERSION

This same command Longitudinal Profile is available in the basic TcpGPS version
with the difference that it does not allow work with the alignment on the ground plan.

8.4. Survey Alignment

ONLY FULL VERSION

This command allows the creation of an alignment based on the points acquired
with the receiver. To this end there must be a (*.EJE) file in the project.

What's more, it simultaneously allows the creation of the longitudinal profile files
(*.LON) and the vertical alignment (*.RAS).

© Aplitop S.L. 101

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The station and the coordinates of the point read will be shown at all times.

Each recorded point is stored in the points' file, the first point will be recorded
with the code SAL I, AlignmentFileName, Code and the rest of the points with the
code SAL, Code. The corresponding data is recorded in the alignment file.

With the graphic option, in addition to the elements stated in the introduction to
the chapter, the polyline which forms the alignment will be shown. The button
allows the points acquisition to be undone.

8.5. Cross-Section Profile

ONLY FULL VERSION

Allows cross-sections to be surveyed along the length of the project’s alignment. A

subgrade cross-section file must have been previously created or selected. A points file
is also necessary to save all the observations made.

The data initially requested include the following:

© Aplitop S.L. 102

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Initial Sta.: Station from where the profile starts. The alignment’s initial station is
displayed by default.

Final Sta.: Station at which the surveying of the profile ends. The alignment’s final
station is displayed by default.

Station Interval: Value by which the station increases or decreases when the
forward or back keys are clicked.

Left Width: Maximum width of the cross-section to the left of the alignment. If the
displacement in relation to the alignment is greater than this value, a Beyond
Displacement warning will be displayed. This should be a positive value.

Right Width: Maximum width of the cross-section to the right of the alignment. If
the displacement in relation to the alignment is greater than this value, a Beyond
Displacement warning will be displayed. This should be a positive value.

Tolerance: Station difference below which it is considered that the point observed
belongs to the current station. For instance, for a tolerance of 0.5 meters and if
points are being observed at station 10, a point projected onto the alignment that
results being be in station 10.2 will be considered valid and will be automatically
saved.

Request Code: If this option is activated, the program requests a code for each of the
profile’s vertices. The points file will be used for storing the coordinates of the
points read with the code SCP I, CrossSectionFileName, TheoreticalStation,
Code for the first point, SCP, CrossSectionFileName, TheoreticalStation, Code
for intermediate points.

Reference Cross section: A reference cross-section file can be selected using the …
button. This file will set the station interval as well as the left-hand and right-hand
width for each profile. The station limits will continue to be set by the values in the
initial station and final station boxes.

Left and Right set the left-hand and right-hand additional widths for each theoretical
profile obtained from the reference file.

If a reference file is selected, the values of Left and Right are not taken into
account.

Current Alignment: Displays the project’s current alignment. The alignment file
can be changed using the … button.

Once all these data are entered, the following screen is displayed:

© Aplitop S.L. 103

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The current station can be changed according to the interval set with the
buttons. One can also go directly to the closest station by using the option New Station
from the context menu.

When the button is clicked, the vertex corresponding to the current station is
saved in the cross-section file, as are the point’s coordinates in the point files.

The current position of the GNSS receiver is displayed on the graphic drawing, as
are the theoretical cross-sections (in black), the current file’s cross-sections (in red) and
the cross-section currently selected (in blue).

The lower part of the screen shows forward and backward (Fwd. / Bcw.) movements
to reach the theoretical profile, the offsetting (Off) in relation to the alignment, the
measured height (Hgt.) and the current profile’s number of vertices (N.V.). If the
tolerance entered is exceeded, a Beyond Tolerance warning is displayed. Likewise, a
Beyond Offsetting warning is displayed if the user is offset from the alignment by a
distance exceeding the values indicated in Width Left or Width Right (depending on
whether the user is on the left or right of the alignment) or beyond the theoretical
distance set by the reference file plus the additional width.

8.6. Static
This option enables static data to be saved for post-processing in the GNSS receiver.

© Aplitop S.L. 104

TcpGPS Reference Manual

In order to start recording a point, the file name and point name to be saved should
be specified and the Start button clicked. An existing file in the receiver can be selected
using the button.

The point will be recording according to the Recording Interval and the option
selected in the Recording Time set in the style selected for this option. Once the time
set has elapsed, the possibility of carrying on with the recording of the point is given if
the User defined or Automatic options have been selected. The recording can be
stopped at any moment by clicking on the Pause button.

If the ok button is clicked to exit the option and the receiver is recording, the
application requests if you wish to stop the recording.

© Aplitop S.L. 105

TcpGPS Reference Manual

8.7. Kinematic
Allows data to be recorded kinematically for post-processing in the receiver
memory.

To commence the recording a file name must be specified and the Start button must
be pressed. Using the button an existing file can be chosen.

At any time the recording can be stopped by pressing the Pause button.

The recording of observations will be carried out in accordance with the Recording
Interval specified in the style selected for this option.

To record a point, the Name and an optional Code must be indicated and the
button pressed.

Said point will be recorded both in the receiver memory (in the selected file) as well
as in the current points file of the project. The recording time of said point is marked by
the number of epochs of the Precision section of the style selected.

© Aplitop S.L. 106

TcpGPS Reference Manual

9. Setting Out
All the setting out options are assisted, so that users are informed about distances
Forward / Backward, Left / Right and Up / Down they should cover until they reach the
target. The values for longitudinal, cross-section and vertical tolerances below which it
is considered that said target is reached can be set in the Settings > Setting Out option.

The options common to the different setting out screens have been detailed below.
These can be accessed by means of buttons located on the upper part of the drawing or
by means of the options on the context menu of the title bar.

Style: This allows the different precision parameters and antenna height to be
changed.

Tolerances: This allows the horizontal, vertical and transversal tolerance values to
be changed and the distance for the change near the Compass.

if the Request Code box is activated, this will be requested every time a point is
recorded.

The Activate Voice option the setting out with voice to be assisted concurrently with
the numerical information.

Work Mode: Displays a screen where the type of numerical information and graphic
view can be selected that one wishes to use in the current setting out option. The
options available for each setting out option are suitably filtered.

© Aplitop S.L. 107

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The available numerical information modes include: North, Station,

Movement, Sun, Last Point and Alignment. The latter shows movements inside /
outside in meters and forward / backwards in stations in relation to the project
alignment selected. It is available for the Slopes, Station and Offset, Station and
Code and Polyline setting out options. The rest of the modes indicate movements in
meters to the left / right and forward / backward, and are available for the Points,
Points over Line, Line Intersections, Lines and Parallels, Station and Offset,
Station and Code and Polyline setting out options (only when a theoretical station is
entered).

The graphic representation modes are Compass, Map and Elevation.

The Compass, in turn, has two modes which change automatically in line with
the distance from the objective. This distance is configurable in the section Settings
> Setting out > Switch to near mode. When it is in this mode, the compass radius
is shown in the upper left-hand corner. The Compass mode is only available in the
known point options.

The Map mode is available in all the setting out options and it shows all the
components currently selected (cartography, alignment on ground plan, points,
bases etc).

© Aplitop S.L. 108

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The Elevation mode is shown in the Slopes option and it shows all the profiles
selected in the project with different colours. The active profile is drawn in black.

Graphic Configuration: This allows an indication of the scale value below which
the texts will be shown in Map mode as well as the size of the source deployed for
the code data base symbols.

Layers: Shows the screen which allows the activation and deactivation of the
drawing layers.

© Aplitop S.L. 109

TcpGPS Reference Manual

allows the graphic mode to be switched directly without having to go to the

Mode option on the title bar menu.

allows the storage of the set out point in the project results file (see section
Projects > File Management> Results).

In Map mode it allows GPS monitoring. If it is deactivated, the GPS will not
be centered on the screen if it remains outside the current view.

Before storing the point of one or other form, the precision parameters of the style
selected in the project are checked (position type, Pdop, number of satellites and
horizontal and vertical precisions). If none of them is complied with, the point will not
be stored and an error message will be shown, indicating the parameter which has not
complied with the specified value under configuration.

To calculate the theoretical elevation of the points on the alignment the cross
sections, vertical alignment and superelevations are used. Depending on the components
selected in the project, the following combinations can be given:

- Cross sections: The elevation is exclusively obtained from the data in this file,
interpolating at the intermediate stations. The superelevations will not be taken
into account of there is a file of this type in the project.

- Vertical alignment: If there is only a vertical alignment file in the project, the
elevation which is calculated for each station at the alignment is the same for the
points displaced from the latter.

- Cross sections and vertical alignment: For the stations to be found in the cross
sections file only these are used and for the intermediate stations the differences
between the vertical alignment elevation and the transversal elevation in the
previous and next stations are calculated, these differences are interpolated for

© Aplitop S.L. 110

TcpGPS Reference Manual

the intermediate station and this value is subtracted from the vertical alignment
elevation calculated for said station. The superelevations will not be taken into
account if there is a file of this type in the project.

- Vertical alignment and superelevations: The vertical alignment elevation is

calculated in the alignment for each station and the increments - positive or
negative - are added for the displaced points in accordance with the
superelevation table.

Error Messages

Some of the error messages indicated below may appear during the setting out
process:

Distance > 10000 m.: The distance between the theoretical setting out point and the
current point exceeds 10000 meters.

Invalid Position Type: Position type different from the type indicated.

Invalid HP: Horizontal precision above the precision indicated.

Invalid VP: Vertical precision above the precision indicated.

Invalid PDOP: PDOP above PDOP indicated.

Few Satellites: Number of satellites received less than the number indicated.

No Position: GPS receiver position not received.

Distant Point: No projection of the point observed onto the project’s alignment.

Located on Alignment: The user is located on the project’s alignment. It is not

possible to indicate movements in relation to slope.

Without Checking Point: The theoretical point has not been calculated to check the
distance between it and the current point.

No Intersection: There is no intersection between the horizontal straight line at the

measured height and the theoretical slope.

Vert. alignment ref. err.: Error when calculating vertical alignment height to
calculate reference height used to show height difference. Used in Station and Offset,
Station and Code.

Vert. alignment calculation err.: Error when calculating vertical alignment height
to calculate intersection with theoretical cross-section template. Used in Slope Control.

Without previous station: No station previous to station indicated to interpolate in

cross-section profiles file.

© Aplitop S.L. 111

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Without following station: No station after the station indicated to interpolate in

cross-section profiles file.

Without station cross-section side: Defined cross-section does not exist at station
and side (left or right of alignment) indicated.

Beyond cross-section: The point measured is beyond the theoretical cross-section.

Information about it cannot be shown.

Height calculation err.: Error when calculating height from cross-section profile
file at the station and offset indicated.

Without station side slope: Defined slope does not exist at station and side (left or
right of alignment) indicated.

Undefined slope: Produced because slopes are different (cutting / fill slope or fill
slope / cutting) at previous and following stations with which an attempt to interpolate
is made or because the interpolated fill’s slope is almost zero.

No code: Code searched for does not exist at station indicated.

No code at previous station: Code searched for does not exist at station previous to
station indicated.

No code at following station: Code searched for does not exist at station following
the station indicated.

dZ ? : The theoretical elevation for showing the raising or lowering movements is

not known.

The different kinds of setting out options available are as follows:

© Aplitop S.L. 112

TcpGPS Reference Manual

9.1. Points
Allows a point in any points or station file, as well as any vertex in a DXF or Shape
file to be set out.

The name of the project’s current points file is shown in the lower part of the screen.
Clicking on the button allows one to select any other points file.

Information about the points to be set out can be entered in any of the following
ways:

• Individual: Sets out an isolated point. The name of the first point in the
current file is displayed by default. The point may also be selected directly
from the list of any existing file by clicking on the button.
• Manual: Allows one to manually enter the coordinates of the point to be set
out. This point can be saved in the current file by clicking on the Save
button. It will be assigned with the number of the last point plus 1.

© Aplitop S.L. 113

TcpGPS Reference Manual

• Code: Sets out the file’s points having the code indicated.
• Graphic: Allows one to select a point graphically. A drawing containing the
existing project’s cartography, points and stations is displayed. In order to
select a point, the button should be clicked, then, the point selected and
lastly accept button clicked. By default, the program selects the nearest
point, but also, it allows disabling this option through the options menu from
the title bar.

The setting out screen also shows this button to allow the point to be
switched without having to leave the data input screen.

• Interval: Allows one to set out from the initial to the final point in
accordance with the interval entered. This sets the number of positions
jumped within the file.
• Station: Allows one to select a point from any station file.
• Nearest: Sets out the nearest point to the current position. Once this point is
set out, it continues to set out the next closest point. The process continues
until all the points in the current file are set out.

© Aplitop S.L. 114

TcpGPS Reference Manual

By marking the Exclude Points Set Out option, any points saved in the current
results file are not taken into account. This filter is not taken into account in the
Manual option.

Once the information on the point to set out is supplied, the next screen is displayed:

The buttons are displayed if the Code or Interval options were selected, which
enable one to move from one point to another. It is also possible to go directly to a point
by entering its name in the option New Point in the context menu.

The survey option can be accessed directly in order to record points through the
Survey option in the context menu. The new points saved will not form part of the
current list of points to be set out.

The information allowing a point to be set out is as follows:

Name of the numerical information mode in brackets. (North)

Current point number. P 1

Existing distance between the current position and the point to be set out. D 2.75

Measured height. MH 561.79.

Distance to be moved to the right or left. Rgt 2.09 . Done is indicated when this
distance is less than the transversal tolerance indicated in the configuration.

Distance to be moved forwards or backwards. Fwd 1.79. Done is indicated when

this distance is less than the longitudinal tolerance indicated in the configuration.

Distance to rise (R) or fall (L) to achieve the theoretical elevation. L 0.20. H OK is
indicated when the elevation difference is less than the vertical tolerance indicated
in the configuration.

© Aplitop S.L. 115

TcpGPS Reference Manual

In this setting option it is also possible to calculate areas and distances directly on
the map without the need to go to the option Tools > Areas between Points.

9.2. Points over Line

Allows two points forming a straight line to be observed and a point to be set out at
a certain distance from the line. In order to do so the initial Point 1 and the final Point 2,
as well as the distance to origin of a point over the straight line, Distance to origin, and
the normal distance to this line, Distance to Line, of the point to be set out are
requested.

Both these distances can be negative or positive. In the case of the former, a
negative distance indicates that the point is before point 1, or the initial point. In the
latter case, it indicates if the point to be set out is to the left (negative) or to the right
(positive) of the straight line.

Once all the data requested is entered, the following screen is displayed once ok
button is clicked.

© Aplitop S.L. 116

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The information displayed includes:

Name of the numerical information mode in brackets. (North)

Existing distance between the current position and the point to be set out. D 3.04

Measured height. MH 561.63

Distance to be moved to the right or left. Rgt 1.39 . Done is indicated when this
distance is less than the transversal tolerance indicated in the configuration.

Distance to be moved forwards or backwards. Bwd 2.71. Done is indicated when

this distance is less than the longitudinal tolerance indicated in the configuration.

Distance to rise (R) or fall (L) to achieve the theoretical elevation. R 0.03 (in this
example the points have an elevation of 0.0). H OK is indicated when the elevation
difference is less than the vertical tolerance indicated in the configuration.

9.3. Line Intersection

This option allows the intersection point between two infinite straight lines to be set
out. In order to do so, the two pairs of points forming these straight lines have to be
entered.

© Aplitop S.L. 117

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The information displayed includes:

Name of the numerical information mode in brackets. (North)

Existing distance between the current position and the point to be set out. D 1.56

Measured height. MH 561.87

Distance to be moved to the right or left. Rgt 1.02 . Done is indicated when this
distance is less than the transversal tolerance indicated in the configuration.

Distance to be moved forwards or backwards. Fwd 1.17. Done is indicated when

this distance is less than the longitudinal tolerance indicated in the configuration.

Distance to rise (R) or fall (L) to achieve the theoretical elevation. L 0.12. H OK is
indicated when the elevation difference is less than the vertical tolerance indicated
in the configuration.

9.4. Lines and Parallel Lines

Allows points to be set out over a line defined by two known points. Also, in line
mode, it allows to analyse the points over that line, in the same way as the following
command does.

© Aplitop S.L. 118

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The points are calculated by indicating a Distance to origin and an Interval. The
line’s initial point is considered as distance 0.0. Negative stations may be set out.

In order to set out points over parallel lines, a value above 0.0 must be indicated in
the Side Offset box. The line one wishes can be indicated in the setting out screen.

The values in the Direction drop-down menu, One Way or Two Way, allow one to
indicate if one wishes to commence at the initial station (One Way) or at the current
station (Two Way).

The points can be calculated by Parallels or Staggered formation by indicating it in

the Points between Lines drop-down menu.

The setting out information displayed is as follows:

Name of the numerical information mode in brackets. (North)

Current line number. L 0. The lines on the right are indicated with positive numbers
and those on the left with negative numbers.

© Aplitop S.L. 119

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Distance to the origin of the current line. DO 3.00. The points prior to the origin are
indicated in the direction of travel of the line are indicated with negative numbers.

Existing distance between the current position and the point to be set out. D 3.00

Measured height. MH 561.80

Distance to be moved to the right or left. Rgt 2.24 . Done is indicated when this
distance is less than the transversal tolerance indicated in the configuration.

Distance to be moved forwards or backwards. Fwd 2.00. Done is indicated when

this distance is less than the longitudinal tolerance indicated in the configuration.

Distance to rise (R) or fall (L) to achieve the theoretical elevation. L 0.08. H OK is
indicated when the elevation difference is less than the vertical tolerance indicated
in the configuration.

In line mode, the following information is displayed:

Current line number. L 0. The lines on the right are indicated with positive numbers
and those on the left with negative numbers.

Name of the numerical information mode in brackets. (Line).

Distance to the origin of the current line. DO 5.74. The points prior to the origin are
indicated in the direction of travel of the line are indicated with negative numbers.

Displacement perpendicular to the line. Dpl -5.31. A positive value indicates that
the point measured is situated on the right of the line and negative, on the left.

Measured height. MH 561.83

© Aplitop S.L. 120

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Distance to rise (R) or fall (L) to achieve the theoretical elevation. L 0.23. H OK is
indicated when the elevation difference is less than the vertical tolerance indicated
in the configuration.

9.5. Line
Allows a line defined by two points to be set out.

The setting out information displayed is as follows:

Name of the numerical information mode in brackets. (Line). The line mode is the
only one allowed.

Distance to the origin of the current line. DO 4.50. The points prior to the origin are
indicated in the direction of travel of the line are indicated with negative numbers.

Displacement perpendicular to the line. Dpl 4.74. A positive value indicates that the
point measured is situated on the right of the line and negative, on the left.

Measured height. MH 561.80

Distance to rise (R) or fall (L) to achieve the theoretical elevation. L 0.12. H OK is
indicated when the elevation difference is less than the vertical tolerance indicated
in the configuration.

9.6. Polyline

ONLY FULL VERSION

© Aplitop S.L. 121

TcpGPS Reference Manual

This allows the setting out of the polyline selected from the cartography (DXF or
Shape file) of the current project. To this end the button must be clicked, , select the
polyline to be set out and press accept.

The selected polyline is treated as an alignment. The vertex closest to the selected
point is assumed as an initial vertex. The vertical alignment associated with this
polyline is also created.

Both the input data and the setting out mode are the same as the setting out of
Station and Offset which are described in the next section.

9.7. Station and Offset

ONLY FULL VERSION

This option enables points offset from the alignment at the distance indicated to be
set out by supplying an Initial Station, an Offset and an Interval.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The offset can be negative or positive, respectively indicating the left-hand or right-
hand side of the alignment. If an offset of 0.0 is entered, points are set out over the
alignment. The button allows one to select the offset graphically if there is a
subgrade or roadbed file cross-section file in the project.

If the Interval check box is not activated, only the Initial Station entered is set out.
Otherwise, one can move forward or backward among the stations depending on the
interval entered by using the buttons.

The value entered in Thickness is added to the theoretical height calculated. It can
be positive or negative.

By marking the Single Points check box, the stations of the alignment’s vertices can
be set out.

If there is a subgrade or roadbed and/or vertical alignment cross-section file in the

project, information is displayed on the existing height difference between the current
height and the theoretical height at the station and the offset indicated. Furthermore, the
component of the project used to calculate said theoretical elevation is shown in
brackets. (CS) for cross sections, (VA) for vertical alignment and (Sup) for vertical
alignment and superelevations.

The station, displacement and side of the alignment to be set out can be changed
manually in this screen with the context menu options

TcpGPS Reference Manual

If the Unique Points option has been selected, they will also be taken into account
when moving forward or backward through the stations.

The setting out screen is displayed when accept button is clicked:

The information shown for setting out is:

Name of the numerical information mode in brackets, (Alin.).

Station and theoretical displacements. Sta 90.00 Dpl 6.00.

Station and height measured. Sta 89.85 MH 560.79. If the numerical information
mode is different from the Alignment, only the elevation measured is shown.

Distance to be moved forwards or backwards at station Fwd 0.15. Station OK is

indicated when this distance is less than the longitudinal tolerance indicated in the
configuration. If the numerical information mode is different from the Alignment
the distance to be moved left or right is shown. Done is indicated when this distance
is less than the transversal tolerance indicated in the configuration.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Distance to be moved inside or outside the alignment. Out 5.88. Dpl OK is

indicated when this distance is less than the transversal tolerance indicated in the
configuration. If the numerical information mode is different from the Alignment
the distance to be moved forward or back is shown.

Distance to rise (R) or fall (L) to achieve the theoretical elevation. R(CS) 0.50. H
OK is indicated when the elevation difference is less than the vertical tolerance
indicated in the configuration. In the Alignment mode the project component or
components used to calculate the theoretical elevation is also shown in brackets. To
calculate the latter the procedure below is followed:

If there is a cross-section file, the one selected is used. If there is additionally a

vertical alignment file, the height is corrected according to it. If there is only a
vertical alignment file, the theoretical height will be the vertical alignment at the
theoretical station. Lastly, if there are superelevations and vertical alignment, the
theoretical height will be that of the vertical alignment plus the superelevation’s
increment up to the theoretical offset. If there are none of these files, height
difference information will not be displayed.

9.8. Station and Code

ONLY FULL VERSION

Allows users to set out points from a Station, station Interval, Code and Side, taking
into account cross-section profiles.

Clicking on the button allows one to graphically select the code one wishes to
set out.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

By marking the Unique Points check box, the stations of the alignment’s vertices
can be set out.

The value entered in Thickness is added to the theoretical height calculated. It can
be positive or negative.

If there is a cross-section and/or vertical alignment file in the project, information is

displayed on the existing height difference between the current height and the
theoretical height at the station and the offset indicated.

The point to be set out is searched in the cross-section file. In order to do so, the
code is checked to see if it exists at the side indicated. If this point cannot be found, the
code and the side indicated are checked in the previous and following stations. If these
data exist at both stations, the setting out point is calculated by interpolation. Otherwise
an error message will be displayed.

The value indicated in the Horizontal Offset box affects the theoretical point’s
offset. A positive value indicates one wishes to increase the said point’s distance from
the alignment and a negative value means one wishes to reduce it. Should an alignment
code have been selected, this horizontal offset will be dealt with as an offset from said
alignment. That is to say, a positive value will set out the point on the right-hand side of
the alignment and a negative value on the left-hand side.

The setting out screen is displayed when accept button is clicked:

TcpGPS Reference Manual

This screen allows the station, code and alignment side to be set out to be changed
manually. To this end, the options on the context menu of the title bar must be used.

The data which allow point setting out are:

Name of the numerical information mode in brackets. (Alin.)

Station and theoretical displacements and code. Sta 90.00 Dpl 8.75 (60).

Station and height measured. Sta 90.15 MH 561.88. If the numerical information
mode is different from the Alignment, only the elevation measured is shown.

Distance to be moved forwards or backwards at station. Bwd 0.15. Station OK is

Distance to be moved inside or outside the alignment. Out 5.37. Dpl OK is

Distance to rise (R) or fall (L) to achieve the theoretical elevation. L 0.28. H OK is
indicated when the elevation difference is less than the vertical tolerance indicated
in the configuration. In the Alignment mode the project component or components
used to calculate the theoretical elevation is also shown in brackets.

9.9. Slopes
ONLY FULL VERSION

This option allows the heads and feet of the slopes to be set out as well as the
carrying out of monitoring thereof.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Initially, the cross sections file to be used must be indicated or the Manual mode
must be selected to create the profiles in line with the alignment height (H.A. Height),
the Platform Width and the Slope.

If the Set out by Codes box is activated, there is the possibility of only setting
out the vector delimited by the Initial and Final Codes. This option is not available for
manual cross sections.

In the event of working with Manual Cross Sections, the alignment elevation
can be indicated manually, automatically (Aut.), provided by the project vertical
alignment or read from the receiver, pressing the button. The slope value must be
indicated positive for cutting and negative for filling.

The section Reference Height allows the code to be specified with regard to
which the unevenness will be shown. The button allows it to be selected graphically.
For manual cross sections, the alignment code is acquired automatically which, for
calculation purposes, has the same elevation as the slope start up code. The Automatic
option takes as a reference the theoretical elevation of the profile in the displacement
measured.

The following information is shown on the setting out screen:

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Name of the numerical information mode in brackets. (Alin.). Only this mode is
available.

Station and displacement measured. Sta 90.00 Dpl 6.75.

Distance to be moved inside or outside the alignment to reach the theoretical slope at
the elevation measured. Out 2.12. Done is indicated when this distance is less than the
transversal tolerance indicated in the configuration.

Height measured. MH 561.67.

Distance to rise (R) or fall (L) to achieve the theoretical elevation. L(A) 0.38. H OK is
indicated when the elevation difference is less than the vertical tolerance indicated in
the configuration. The code selected as the reference elevation is shown in brackets
which, in the graphic, is drawn in blue or the letter A if the Automatic option has been
chosen.

When setting out by codes the latter are drawn on the profile in black and the vector to
be set out in blue. Furthermore, only the vertices (in red) are drawn with these codes.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

10. Tools

10.1. Points on Alignment

ONLY FULL VERSION

By entering a Station and an offset (Dpl) and clicking on the Calculate button, the
coordinates of the corresponding point are shown on screen, along with the other
parameters described below.

Coordinates of the calculated point (E,N for projected coordinates and x,y for local
coordinates).

Azimuth of the station entered.

Radius of the alignment at the station entered.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Height of the station entered (VAH). It is only shown if there is a vertical alignment
file in the active project.

Slope of the vertical alignment in the section to which the station entered belongs.
Similarly to the previous data, it is only shown if there is a vertical alignment file in
the active project.

10.2. Point Analysis

This allows the analysis of the points read from the receiver as regards an
alignment on the ground plan (with or without a vertical alignment) and/or a surface.

If there is a surface and vertical alignment in the project, using the context menu
of the title bar the reference can be chosen with regard to which the measured elevation
will be analysed. If, furthermore, there is a cambering file, the displaced points of the
alignment will be calculated in accordance with the vertical alignment and
superelevations.

If there is a point file, any of the points read can be recorded. Furthermore, the
information about the analysis thereof can be stored in an auxiliary file with a TXT
extension. Each line has the data separated by a tab and they are as follows:

PointNumber Sta Displacement HeightDifference TheoreticalHeightType

where:

TheoreticalHeightType is 1 if the reference is the vertical alignment and 2 if it is

a surface.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The data shown are as follows:

Coordinates of the point read.

Station and Displacement (Dpl) with regard to the alignment of the position
indicated. Only if there is an alignment on the ground plan in the project

Vertical alignment height (VAH), vertical alignment and superelevations (VAH

(Sup)) or surface elevation (SH) and height difference (Hdif) from the measured
elevation.

10.3. Distance between Points

This command calculates the distance there is between two points contained in the
project file selected.

By entering two numbers and clicking on the Calculate button, the following
information is shown on screen:

Distance between the points indicated.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Azimuth between the two points.

Slope between the points indicated.

Ef - Ei: Difference in the East component (x for local systems) of the points.

Nf - Ni: Difference in the North component (y for local systems) of the points.

hf - hi: Ellipsoidal (h) or orthometric (H) altitude difference between the two
points.. zf – zi will be shown for local systems.

10.4. Area among Points

Based on a sequence of points designated graphically and by pressing the button,
the surface and the perimeter delimited by said sequence is shown. If only one point is
designated, the coordinates thereof are shown and if two are designated, the distance
and the azimuth.

The specific functions of this option are:

Activates the menu which allows areas and distances to be calculated.

Adds the selected points for calculating areas and distances.

Removes the last point selected for calculating areas and distances.

Calculates the area and distance with the selected points.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Deactivates the areas and distances calculation menu.

10.5. Geodetic Calculator

This tool allows the conversion and/or transformation of coordinates between
different datums and reference systems (CRS).

To make the calculations, the parameters must be indicated for the reference
systems Source and Target, enter the coordinates and press the Calculate button.

For both systems the following data is requested:

CRS Type: Indicates the type of coordinates. It may be Geographic,

Geocentric or Projected.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Area: if this box is activated and a country is selected, by pressing the …

button the right, this is used as a filter in the selection of the CRS and
datum transformations.

Favourites: This shows the list of coordinates' system configurations

predefined for the country selected. They are stored in ASCII files with
the extension *.STS in the directory TcpGPS\Geo\STS. New
configurations can be recorded by pressing the button .

Geographic CRS (Geocentric or Projected): Name of the geodetic

coordinate system. It must be selected from the list by pressing the
button.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Geo. Dat. Shift: Transformation of geodetic datums. It must be selected

from the list by pressing the button.

Vertical CRS: Vertical reference system. It is optional and only makes

sense for geographic and projected CRS. It allows the calculation of
orthometric altitudes. It must be selected from the list by pressing the
button.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Ver. Dat. Shift: Transformation of vertical datums. It must be selected

from the list by pressing the button.

If the target reference system is of the projected type, this will allow the coordinates
to be recorded in the current points file, pressing the button .

Depending on the type of geodetic CRS established, the following names are shown
for the coordinates alignments:

Geographic CRS
Lat
Long
Geocentric CRS
X
Y
Z

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Projected CRS
E
N

For geographic and projected CRS the orthometric altitude (H) or the ellipsoidal
altitude (h) will be shown depending on if Vertical CRS has been selected or not.

If the geographic CRS WGS84 or ETRS89 is selected as the origin, the Convert
File *.w84 option will be activated on the context menu. This command allows the
conversion of a geographic coordinates file to the destination system, creating a new
points file (*.PUN).

The latitude/longitude format of the file *.W84, as well as the explanation in the
section GPS Data (DD MM SS.SSSSS N/S/E/W) may be one of the following:

+/-DD MM SS.SSSSS

+/-DD°MM’SS.SSSSS”

10.6. Export to GML INSPIRE

This option allows one to export one or more parcels to GML (XML file with
geographic content) format of cadastral parcel, following the “INSPIRE cadastral
parcel” standard.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Both the coordinate system (CRS) and the point file will be the ones used in the
current project.

The point file must include at least one polyline whose initial and final codes must
contain the suffixes S and C, respectively.

Within the Code box, the desired code must be selected like so to enable the
label Cosider suffix in order to take in account the suffixes discussed above. If this
option is disabled, the GML file will be created with all points whose code is the same
as selected one, although those points are included in other parcels.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Within the File box, the folder and the name of GML file must be selected. If
exists more than one polyline with the same code in the point file, a GML will be
created for each polyline. The name of the file will include a suffix with the number of
parcels created, for example, “parcel_1.gml”, “parcel_2.gml”, etc.

For starting the process, the Export button must be tapped on. Once completed
the process, a conformation message will be shown and the file explorer will be opened
showing the content of the selected folder.

10.7. Line Intersection

This option allows one to calculate the intersection point of two straight lines. The
point can be saved in the current project’s point file.

10.8. Line and Circle Intersection

The option calculates the intersection point or points between a straight line and a
circle.

Any of the two solutions can be recorded in the project’s point file.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

10.9. Circle and Circle Intersection

The intersection point or points between two circles are calculated through this
option. Any of the solutions can be recorded in the current project’s point file.

10.10. Polar to Rectangular Coordinates

The coordinates of a new point are calculated from a point, a distance and an
azimuth.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

11. Settings

11.1. Options
This allows the modification of the general parameter values of the program such
as language, physical key for recording points and use of the virtual keyboard.

11.2. Measurement units

In this section it is possible to select the slopes and angle units which are going to
be worked with in the application. By default you work with angles in centesimal
degrees and slopes in horizontal increment/ vertical increment.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

11.3. Styles
This option allows one to select the work styles to be used in the different program
options. Thus, whenever an option is changed, the application will take the parameter
values of the style selected for the option chosen, in addition to configuring the GNSS
receiver.

11.4. Surveying
This section allows the configuration of the parameters which appear in the options
of the Survey menu.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Suffixes: Indicates the suffix which will be added to the codes which are selected or
entered manually.

List codes by: This allows selection of the order in which the data base codes of the
application appear in the different data acquisition options. The criteria provided are
in Alphabetical order or Newest first, in accordance with the longitudinal or points
file.

Add codes automatically: This provides the possibility of storing new codes at the
data base of the application by recording points in the data acquisition options.

11.5. Setting Out

This option enables one to set the parameter values that intervene in the different
setting out options.

Tolerances: Values below which it is considered that a point to set out has been
reached. Longitudinal for forward or backward movements, Transversal for
movements to the right or left, and Vertical for upward or downward movements.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Switch to near mode: Allows one to enter the distance below which the near mode
graphic is displayed in the setting out point options.

Request Code: If this option is activated, a code will be requested every time a point
is recorded in the setting out options.

Voice Enabled: If this box is marked, the movements to be carried out will be
indicated and the distances to be travelled by voice.

11.6. Communications
This section allows one to select the GNSS Receiver, as well as set the
communications parameters between it and the mobile device.

11.6.1. GNSS Receiver

A drop-down list containing the receiver brands is displayed on the left-hand side,
and the models supported for each brand appear in a drop-down menu on the right. The
application should be reinitiated if the receiver brand is changed.

11.6.2. Cable Connection

The ports to be used in the receiver and the field recorder when a connection is
made by cable are set in this section.

The Parameters button allows the parameters of the communications port selected
for the field recorder to be configured.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

11.6.3. Bluetooth Connection

This allows the configuration of values for the wireless connection by means of
Bluetooth.

To establish the connection between both devices, the COM port number assigned
by the Bluetooth administrator of the mobile device must be established in the
Bluetooth Connection > Handheld Port box.

11.7. Code Database

This allows the management of the data base which stores the codes that are
available in the data acquisition options.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Select
This allows the selection of the data base file which will be used in the different
program options.

Edit
This allows the editing of the data base codes. The fields contain the following
information:

Code: Code name which will be stored in the points file.

Type: Code type which may be Point or Line. Point type elements are usually
associated in the subsequent drawing in CAD with a block (posts, utility boxes etc.)
whilst those of the line type are used to connect some points with others by means
of polylines.

Layer: Layer on which the corresponding blocks or polylines will be drawn.

Colour: Colour of the entities drawn.

Symbol: For point type codes reference is made to the symbol which will represent
the code in the different graphic options of the application. Each symbol will be
drawn on a layer with the code name it represents so that said layer can be managed
on the list of layers of the graphic option.

By selecting a cell and pressing the button, a new screen is shown where a
symbol can be selected. The text sources shown will be those which the system
has by default and the sources which it is wished to add which must be copied in
the Font folder in the application installation directory.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Reserved Codes:
This option allows the modification of the cods defined by default as reserved for
data acquisition.

Copy to Project
This option allows the current data base of the application to be copied to the
active project directory. A screen will be shown requesting the new name.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

New File
This allows a new data base file to be created. The new file will be established as
the current data base of the application.

Delete File
This allows the active data base file to be deleted if it is not the file which
incorporates the program by default, MDT.bdc

11.8. Geodesy
The Standard ISO 19111, Geographic information – Spatial referencing by
coordinates defines the conceptual scheme for describing the spatial referencing by
coordinates. This describes the data required to define the coordinates reference systems
of one, two and three dimensions as well as the information required to convert the
coordinates of one system to another.
In accordance with this Standard, a coordinates reference system is made up of a
coordinates system and a datum. As regards the different datum types specified by the
Standard, Geodetic Datums and Vertical Datums are those which are going to be
used in this module. The former require the description of an Ellipsoid and the latter
don't.
In view of this classification, two coordinates reference system groups have
been created: Geodetic CRS and Vertical CRS.
The Geodetic CRS are divided, in turn, into various types. Based on the
classification of the Standard ISO 19111 and in the classification which makes the
EPSG (European Petroleum Survey Group, www.epsg.org, currently OGP,
International Association of Oil & Gas Producers) on its data base, the following
will be distinguished between: Geographic CRS, Geocentric CRS and Projected
CRS.
Hence, the 4 coordinates reference system groups which are going to be dealt
with are:
Geographic CRS
Geocentric CRS

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Projected CRS
Vertical CRS
To carry out the transformation of coordinates between two different systems it
is necessary to know the transformation parameters of both systems into a common
system which is WGS-84. In view of the fact that two datum types are distinguished,
geodetic and vertical, geodetic datum transformations and vertical datum
transformations will be looked at in the following sections.
All the information, except that of the user, which the application handles about
coordinates reference systems, datums, data transformations etc of the different
countries around the world derive from the EPSG data base in its version 8.3 dated
November 23th 2013.
Coordinates conversions and transformations are carried out with the
cartographic projections library PROJ.4 v. 4.8.0 (trac.osgeo.org/proj) dated March 6th
2012.
The management of the different elements going to make up the geodesy
module is carried out by means of the options shown by the window below:

Ellipsoids
This shows the list of ellipsoids included in the EPSG data base. It also allows
the editing, deletion and creation of new user ellipsoids.
Each line of the list gathers the ellipsoid code and name separated by two points.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The drop down list of the section Data Source allows EPSG data consultation to
be switched to user data and vice versa.

The Search by section allows the filtering of consultation data by Code and
Name. The string to be searched must be entered in the box on the right and the
button pressed. If searching by code, this will only show the result if this same code can
be found on the data base, whilst in the search by name, this will show all the ellipsoids
whose name contains the string entered.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

By double clicking an ellipsoid on the list its properties are displayed, Semi-
major Axis and Inverse Flattening.

It allows the creation of new user ellipsoids. The data requested are:

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Code: An alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters is allowed.

Name: An alphanumeric string of up to 64 characters is allowed.
Semi-major Axis: In metres.
Inverse Flattening: In metres.

Geodetic Datums
This shows the list of geodetic datums included in the EPSG data base. It also
allows the editing, deletion and creation of new user geodetic datums.
Each line of the list gathers the geodetic datum name and code separated by two
points.

The drop down list of the section Data Source allows EPSG data consultation to
be switched to user data and vice versa.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The Search By section allows the filtering of consultation data by Code, Name
and Area. This latter option is only available for EPSG data. The zone name (continent,
country etc) must be specified in English. The string to be searched must be entered in
the box on the right and the button pressed. If searching by code, this will only
show the result if this same code can be found on the data base, whilst in the search by
name and area, this will show all the geodetic datums whose name or area contains the
string entered.

By double clicking a geodetic datum on the list its properties are displayed,
Ellipsoid, Prime Meridian, Area of Use, Revision Date and Remarks.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

It allows the creation of new user geodetic datums. The data requested are:

Code: An alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters is allowed.

Name: An alphanumeric string of up to 64 characters is allowed.
Ellipsoid: It must be selected from the list shown by pressing the button.
Prime Meridian: One must be selected from the drop down list.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Projected CRSs
This shows the list of the projected CRSs included on the EPSG data base. It
also allows the editing, deletion and creation of new user CRS.
Each line of the list gathers the CRS name and code separated by two points.

The drop down list of the section Data Source allows EPSG data consultation to
be switched to user data and vice versa.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The Search By section allows the filtering of consultation data by Code, Name
and Area. This latter option is only available for EPSG data. The zone name (continent,
country etc) must be specified in English. The string to be searched must be entered in
the box on the right and the button pressed. If searching by code, this will only
show the result if this same code can be found on the data base, whilst in the search by
name and area, this will show all the CRS whose name or usage area contains the string
entered.

By double clicking a CRS on the list its properties are displayed, Datum,
Projection Type, Projection Parameters, Area of Use, Revision Date and Remarks.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

It allows the creation of new user CRS. The data requested initially and which
are common to all the Projected CRSs are:

Code: An alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters is allowed.

Name: An alphanumeric string of up to 64 characters is allowed.
Datum: It must be selected from the list shown by pressing the button.
Map Projection: CRS projection type. The projections supported are:
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Transverse Mercator (TM)
Lambert Conic Conformal (1SP)
Lambert Conic Conformal (2SP)
Oblique Stereographic

TcpGPS Reference Manual

By pressing the Projection Parameters button, depending on the type selected,

the following data are requested:

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

The UTM Zone must fall between 1 and 60.

Transverse Mercator (TM)

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The latitude and longitude must be specified in decimal degrees and the False
easting and False northing in metres.
The range valid for latitude stretches from -90° to 90° and for the longitude from
-180° to 180°.

Lambert Conic Conformal (1SP)

Lambert Conic Conformal (2SP)

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The latitude and longitude must be specified in decimal degrees and the Easting
of False origin and Northing of False origin in metres.
The range valid for latitude stretches from -90° to 90° and for the longitude from
-180° to 180°.

Oblique Stereographic

Geographic CRSs
This shows the list of the geographic CRS included on the EPSG data base. It
also allows the editing, deletion and creation of new user CRS.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Each line of the list gathers the CRS name and code separated by two points.

The drop down list of the section Data Source allows EPSG data consultation to
be switched to user data and vice versa.

The Search By section allows the filtering of consultation data by Code, Name
and Area. This latter option is only available for EPSG data. The zone name (continent,
country etc) must be specified in English. The string to be searched must be entered in
the box on the right and the button pressed. If searching by code, this will only
show the result if this same code can be found on the data base, whilst in the search by
name and area, this will show all the CRS whose name or usage area contains the string
entered.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

By double clicking a CRS on the list its properties are displayed, Datum, Area
of Use, Revision Date and Remarks.

It allows the creation of new user CRS. The data requested are:

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Code: An alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters is allowed.

Name: An alphanumeric string of up to 64 characters is allowed.
Datum: It must be selected from the list shown by pressing the button.

Geocentric CRSs
This shows the list of the geocentric CRSs included on the EPSG data base. It
also allows the editing, deletion and creation of new user CRS.
Each line of the list gathers the CRS name and code separated by two points.

The drop down list of the section Data Source allows EPSG data consultation to
be switched to user data and vice versa.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The Search By section allows the filtering of consultation data by Code, Name
and Area. This latter option is only available for EPSG data. The zone name (continent,
country etc) must be specified in English. The string to be searched must be entered in
the box on the right and the button pressed. If searching by code, this will only
show the result if this same code can be found on the data base, whilst in the search by
name and area, this will show all the CRS whose name or usage area contains the string
entered.

By double clicking a CRS on the list its properties are displayed, Datum, Area
of Use, Revision Date and Remarks.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

It allows the creation of new user CRS. The data requested are:

Code: An alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters is allowed.

Name: An alphanumeric string of up to 64 characters is allowed.
Datum: It must be selected from the list shown by pressing the button.

Geodetic Datum Shifts

This shows the list of transformations included on the EPSG data base whose
target reference system is WGS 84 or ETRS 89.
Each line of the list gathers the code and the name of the datum shift separated
by two points.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The drop down list of the section Data Source allows EPSG data consultation to
be switched to user data and vice versa.

The Search By section allows the filtering of consultation data by Code, Name
and Area. This latter option is only available for EPSG data. The zone name (continent,
country etc) must be specified in English. The string to be searched must be entered in
the box on the right and the button pressed. If searching by code, this will only
show the result if this same code can be found on the data base, whilst in the search by
name and area, this will show all the datum transformations whose name or usage area
contains the string entered.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

By double clicking on a datum transformation from the list its properties are
displayed, Information Source, Source Datum, Target Datum, Transformation
Parameters, Area of Use, Revision Data and Remarks.

It allows the creation of new user datum shift. The data requested are:

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Code: An alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters is allowed.

Name: An alphanumeric string of up to 64 characters is allowed.
Information Source: Optional field. An alphanumeric string of up to 128
characters is allowed.
Source Datum: It must be selected from the list shown by pressing the
button.
Target Datum: The datum WGS 84 (code EPSG 6326) is established by default.
Transformation Parameters: By pressing this button the screen is shown where
the transformation parameters are entered. 3 datum transformation types are
presented: 3 Parameters at WGS-84, 7 Parameters at WGS-84 and NTv2
Grid.

The parameters requested for each transformation type are:

3 Parameters at WGS-84
dX: Displacement X in metres.
dY: Displacement Y in metres.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

dZ: Displacement Z in metres.

7 Parameters at WGS-84
dX: Displacement X in metres.
dY: Displacement Y in metres.
dZ: Displacement Z in metres.
dX: Rotation X in arc seconds.
dY: Rotation Y in arc seconds.
dZ: Rotation Z in arc seconds.
dS: Scale in parts per million (ppm)

NTv2 Grid
File containing the data transformation mesh with the format proposed by
Geodetic Survey of Canada, version 2. This file has the extension *.GSB
and it must be selected by pressing the button.

Vertical Datums
This shows the list of vertical datums included on the EPSG data base. It also
allows the editing, deletion and creation of new user vertical datums.
Each line of the list gathers the code and name of the vertical datum separated
by two points.

The drop down list of the section Data Source allows EPSG data consultation to
be switched to user data and vice versa.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The Search By section allows the filtering of consultation data by Code, Name
and Area. This latter option is only available for EPSG data. The zone name (continent,
country etc) must be specified in English. The string to be searched must be entered in
the box on the right and the button pressed. If searching by code, this will only
show the result if this same code can be found on the data base, whilst in the search by
name and area, this will show all the vertical datums whose name or usage area contains
the string entered.

It allows the creation of new user vertical datums. The data requested are:

TcpGPS Reference Manual

Code: An alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters is allowed.

Name: An alphanumeric string of up to 64 characters is allowed.

Vertical CRSs
This shows the list of the vertical CRSs included on the EPSG data base. It also
allows the editing, deletion and creation of new user CRS.
Each line of the list gathers the CRS name and code separated by two points.

The drop down list of the section Data Source allows EPSG data consultation to
be switched to user data and vice versa.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The Search By section allows the filtering of consultation data by Code, Name
and Area. This latter option is only available for EPSG data. The zone name (continent,
country etc) must be specified in English. The string to be searched must be entered in
the box on the right and the button pressed. If searching by code, this will only
show the result if this same code can be found on the data base, whilst in the search by
name and area, this will show all the CRS whose name or usage area contains the string
entered.

By double clicking a CRS on the list its properties are displayed, Datum, Area
of Use, Revision Date and Remarks.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

It allows the creation of new user CRS. The data requested are:

Code: An alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters is allowed.

Name: An alphanumeric string of up to 64 characters is allowed.
Datum: It must be selected from the list shown by pressing the button.

Vertical Datum Shifts

Contrary to previous options in which, by default, the list of elements appears
from the EPSG data base, only the list of user transformations is shown. These datum
transformations are based on geoid models with their own format. This is why no
transformation proposed by OGP is supported on its EPSG data base.
Each line of the list gathers the code and the name of the datum shift separated
by two points.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

By double clicking a datum shift on the list its properties are displayed,
Information Source, Source Datum , Target Datum and File.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

It allows the creation of new user datum shift. The data requested are:

Code: An alphanumeric string of up to 16 characters is allowed.

Name: An alphanumeric string of up to 64 characters is allowed.
Information Source: Optional field. An alphanumeric string of up to 128
characters is allowed.
Source Datum: The datum WGS 84 (code EPSG 6326) is established by default.
Target Datum: It must be selected from the list shown by pressing the
button.
Transformation Parameters: This allows the selection of the geoid model file
on which the datum transformation is based. This file is binary and has the
extension *.GDE.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

11.9. Sounds
This option allows one to configure the different sounds made by the application
when it is run.

If you wish not to set any sound for any of the options, you should select the “-”
option.

11.10. Echosounder
The application allows for simultaneous communications with the receiver and an
echosounder system that provides information for bathymetry work.

The communication parameters with the echo sounder, as well as the Height value
should be set through this option

The Enable check box should be marked to establish communications once all the
parameters have been configured and the application has been reinitiated.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The altitude is calculated as follow:

(GPSAltitude – GPSAntennaHeight) – (EchosounderDeep + EchosounderHeight)

11.11. Laser Distancemeter

This option enables communication parameters with a laser distance meter to be set. It
can subsequently be used in the Offset Points options.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

12. Utilities
Contains the following options:

12.1. System Information

This option shows information on Free Disk Space for files where the current
project is to be found, as well as the field data recorder’s Main Battery Status and
Backup Battery Status (in %).

12.2. License
This option shows the Serial Number of the field recorder, as well as the
application’s Authorization Code and License Agreement.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

The Initialize License button allows the application’s authorization to be deleted.

Confirmation is requested. The function of this option is to be able to change temporary
licenses for permanent licenses without having to reinitialize the field recorder.

12.3. About
Information about the Application, as well as the field recorder’s and GNSS
Receiver’s Operating System are displayed in this window.

• Application: The Version number and the Executable program’s and the
communications Drivers’ dates.
• Operating System: The version and compilation number.
• By pressing the About… button identifier information, the serial number,
firmware version etc of the GNSS receiver are shown.

TcpGPS Reference Manual

APPENDIXES

Glossary of Terms
Ambiguity: Unknown number of complete wavelengths counted from the reference
satellite to the antenna’s phase center.

Almanac. Set of data containing information on the satellites’ orbits, clock corrections,
atmospheric delays and other similar parameters.

Co-Op Tracking. Technique used in TOPCON receivers to improve the tracking

performance of an individual channel by jointly using all the tracking data of all the
channels.

CMR. Real-time data transmission protocol (Compact Measurement Record).

Datum. Concept that describes the ellipsoid’s position, orientation and scale in relation
to the Earth.

DGPS. Differential GPS of code.

Ephemeris. Satellite orbit predictions that are transmitted as part of the data sent.
EGNOS. European service to improve the precision obtained in navigation, based on
geostationary satellites (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service).

Ellipsoid. A three-dimensional object generated by rotating an ellipse around the

Earth’s polar alignment.

Epoch. Moment in which a measurement is performed by the receiver.

Geoid. Surface having a constant gravitational force.

Elevation Mask. Angle below which the satellites will not be used to calculate the
position supplied by the receiver.

Multipath. Interference caused by reflected satellite signals that arrive at the receiver,
normally as a result of nearby structures or other reflecting surfaces.

NMEA. GPS receivers’ standard data transmission protocol for communications with a
computer (National Marine Electronics Associations).

PDOP. Non-dimensional value that empirically requests the precision of the position
supplied by the GPS receiver (Position Dilution of Precision). The greater the value, the
less accurate the position.

RINEX. Standard GPS receiver data format for various manufacturers (Receiver
Independent Exchange format).

TcpGPS Reference Manual

RMS. Round Mean Square Error. Equivalent to the square root of the sum of the errors’
squares divided by the number of points.

RTCM. Standard real-time data transmission protocol (Radio Technical Commission

for Maritime Services).

RTK. Real Time Kinematic.

Applied GPS For Engineers and Project Managers, by Clement A. Ogaja, 2011
No ratings yet
Applied GPS For Engineers and Project Managers, by Clement A. Ogaja, 2011
222 pages
Gps Technical Reverence Revc1
No ratings yet
Gps Technical Reverence Revc1
278 pages
Manual AgGPS
No ratings yet
Manual AgGPS
164 pages
Aggps: Operation Manual
No ratings yet
Aggps: Operation Manual
226 pages
SG 7
No ratings yet
SG 7
80 pages
Gaia Manual
0% (1)
Gaia Manual
67 pages
TCPGPS Android Manual-En
No ratings yet
TCPGPS Android Manual-En
105 pages
BS en 1991-1-4 NA Actions On Structures - General Actions - Wind Actions
No ratings yet
BS en 1991-1-4 NA Actions On Structures - General Actions - Wind Actions
46 pages
Mapwork Techniques Term 1 2023 Practical Task PDF
No ratings yet
Mapwork Techniques Term 1 2023 Practical Task PDF
94 pages
Cartography
No ratings yet
Cartography
52 pages
Real Time Kinematic DGPS Survey Training
No ratings yet
Real Time Kinematic DGPS Survey Training
368 pages
F8 User Manual
No ratings yet
F8 User Manual
79 pages
96-310034-3001 Rev K Product User Guide SF-3050
No ratings yet
96-310034-3001 Rev K Product User Guide SF-3050
198 pages
EZSurv UserGuide
No ratings yet
EZSurv UserGuide
300 pages
SG6 User Manual
No ratings yet
SG6 User Manual
73 pages
Orion Electronics Ltd. GPS Technical Reference Guide
No ratings yet
Orion Electronics Ltd. GPS Technical Reference Guide
142 pages
Geomate Sg7 GNSS: User Guide
No ratings yet
Geomate Sg7 GNSS: User Guide
81 pages
GPS Manual Aaranyak-1
No ratings yet
GPS Manual Aaranyak-1
72 pages
Manual CompeGPS Land Air 73 en
No ratings yet
Manual CompeGPS Land Air 73 en
126 pages
GPS500 PilotsGuide PDF
No ratings yet
GPS500 PilotsGuide PDF
256 pages
Garmin Gps 128 User Manual - Pdfgarmin Gps 128 User Manual
No ratings yet
Garmin Gps 128 User Manual - Pdfgarmin Gps 128 User Manual
74 pages
F7+ User Manual
No ratings yet
F7+ User Manual
67 pages
GlobalMap3500C 0156-081 121704
No ratings yet
GlobalMap3500C 0156-081 121704
136 pages
ITrack Live Quick Start Guide 2
No ratings yet
ITrack Live Quick Start Guide 2
20 pages
AgGPS132 PDF
No ratings yet
AgGPS132 PDF
226 pages
TCPGPS Android Manual-En
No ratings yet
TCPGPS Android Manual-En
98 pages
BMW Motorcycles Navigator
No ratings yet
BMW Motorcycles Navigator
66 pages
GPS Technical Reference 8750175000 RevD1
No ratings yet
GPS Technical Reference 8750175000 RevD1
304 pages
UgCS User Manual 4.9
No ratings yet
UgCS User Manual 4.9
108 pages
GPS900 TechRef en
No ratings yet
GPS900 TechRef en
287 pages
F7 User Manual - 20210301
No ratings yet
F7 User Manual - 20210301
64 pages
Cadastral Survey Questions...
No ratings yet
Cadastral Survey Questions...
7 pages
668 M Ssgsps 12xl Manual Owner S Manual Software Version 2 00 3 62
No ratings yet
668 M Ssgsps 12xl Manual Owner S Manual Software Version 2 00 3 62
64 pages
StreetPilot III
No ratings yet
StreetPilot III
61 pages
Hemisphere r320 - Ingles
No ratings yet
Hemisphere r320 - Ingles
72 pages
Product Name: Quick Reference Guide
No ratings yet
Product Name: Quick Reference Guide
58 pages
GPS 45XL
No ratings yet
GPS 45XL
68 pages
Stromberg Carlson Gps
No ratings yet
Stromberg Carlson Gps
103 pages
Portable Navigation: Owner'S Manual
No ratings yet
Portable Navigation: Owner'S Manual
76 pages
GPS Presentation by U Phone Htut
No ratings yet
GPS Presentation by U Phone Htut
39 pages
10 GPS
No ratings yet
10 GPS
24 pages
Pyramid Draughtsman Full Notes-133-155
No ratings yet
Pyramid Draughtsman Full Notes-133-155
23 pages
Twonav Iphone 2.1 User S Manual: Content
No ratings yet
Twonav Iphone 2.1 User S Manual: Content
92 pages
FSN190006A - Notification On GPS Satellite Rollover - Service News
No ratings yet
FSN190006A - Notification On GPS Satellite Rollover - Service News
2 pages
GPS GeoXT
No ratings yet
GPS GeoXT
35 pages
MotionX GPS Manual
No ratings yet
MotionX GPS Manual
43 pages
Gpsag
No ratings yet
Gpsag
47 pages
Gps Post Processing Using Trimble Business Center
No ratings yet
Gps Post Processing Using Trimble Business Center
8 pages
Using The Global Positioning System in 4-h Programming
No ratings yet
Using The Global Positioning System in 4-h Programming
62 pages
Full Gui Dev 145
No ratings yet
Full Gui Dev 145
61 pages
(Slideshare Downloader La) 6371b6dc474fe
No ratings yet
(Slideshare Downloader La) 6371b6dc474fe
33 pages
Personal Navigator: Owner's Manual &reference
No ratings yet
Personal Navigator: Owner's Manual &reference
74 pages
Ggm308u
No ratings yet
Ggm308u
14 pages
Survey Trade Project
No ratings yet
Survey Trade Project
31 pages
Gps Presentation 210
No ratings yet
Gps Presentation 210
42 pages
GPS 120XL: Marine Navigator
No ratings yet
GPS 120XL: Marine Navigator
72 pages
Introduction To Geodetic Datum Transform
No ratings yet
Introduction To Geodetic Datum Transform
30 pages
Trimble Studio User Guide
No ratings yet
Trimble Studio User Guide
62 pages
(LBYCV2A) EXER #06-07 Locating Lots and Mapping Lot Boundaries Using GPS Mobile App
No ratings yet
(LBYCV2A) EXER #06-07 Locating Lots and Mapping Lot Boundaries Using GPS Mobile App
10 pages
Garmin Etrex Vista
No ratings yet
Garmin Etrex Vista
8 pages
Add Geoid File GEOID12A Coordinate System For TerraSync Software
No ratings yet
Add Geoid File GEOID12A Coordinate System For TerraSync Software
4 pages
Outback A321 Quick Ref Guide 875-0294-000 - A1
No ratings yet
Outback A321 Quick Ref Guide 875-0294-000 - A1
2 pages
The Complete Structure of Project
No ratings yet
The Complete Structure of Project
3 pages
Vol III Drawings 2 60000GL Tank OHWT
No ratings yet
Vol III Drawings 2 60000GL Tank OHWT
57 pages
Geographic Information System (GIS) Course Outline
No ratings yet
Geographic Information System (GIS) Course Outline
2 pages
TERMS OF REFERENCE - For Review of The Committee
No ratings yet
TERMS OF REFERENCE - For Review of The Committee
5 pages
FNR 217 Forest Survey & Engineering
No ratings yet
FNR 217 Forest Survey & Engineering
72 pages
Aerial Photos, Maps and Plans
No ratings yet
Aerial Photos, Maps and Plans
10 pages
Week 7 & 8 (Angles & Directions)
No ratings yet
Week 7 & 8 (Angles & Directions)
16 pages
Central GPS Manual
No ratings yet
Central GPS Manual
0 pages
Bengaluru BDA RMP 2015 PLU - PD - 314 SadaraMangala
No ratings yet
Bengaluru BDA RMP 2015 PLU - PD - 314 SadaraMangala
1 page
Rsni2: Pertukaran Data Lintang, Bujur, Dan Tinggi Lokasi Geografis
No ratings yet
Rsni2: Pertukaran Data Lintang, Bujur, Dan Tinggi Lokasi Geografis
12 pages
56 Tampat - Tinoto - Mangrove PDF
No ratings yet
56 Tampat - Tinoto - Mangrove PDF
1 page
Topographic Map of Valley View
100% (1)
Topographic Map of Valley View
1 page
1 RS GIS Text Book-1-9
No ratings yet
1 RS GIS Text Book-1-9
10 pages
Mutahar Abdo Mahyoub Hezam CV GIS Yemen
No ratings yet
Mutahar Abdo Mahyoub Hezam CV GIS Yemen
2 pages
Analysis of Changes in The Tanjung Bira Coastline, Bontobahari District, Bulukumba District
No ratings yet
Analysis of Changes in The Tanjung Bira Coastline, Bontobahari District, Bulukumba District
9 pages
PLAN DH - Cakrawala Agro Besar
No ratings yet
PLAN DH - Cakrawala Agro Besar
1 page
APHUG Unit 1 Vocabulary
No ratings yet
APHUG Unit 1 Vocabulary
3 pages
Ship Reference Frame Integration: Lab 1 Survey Hidrografi
No ratings yet
Ship Reference Frame Integration: Lab 1 Survey Hidrografi
27 pages
Latitude and Longitude
No ratings yet
Latitude and Longitude
7 pages
Creating Geodat Base
No ratings yet
Creating Geodat Base
5 pages
Topographic Map of Hungerford
No ratings yet
Topographic Map of Hungerford
1 page
South Africa Administrative and Political Map Vector Image
No ratings yet
South Africa Administrative and Political Map Vector Image
1 page
Morowali Topo
No ratings yet
Morowali Topo
1 page
Cape Scott Topo
No ratings yet
Cape Scott Topo
1 page
Peta Hikmah
No ratings yet
Peta Hikmah
1 page