SYNOPSIS 5

Free body diagram:

A free body diagram (FBD) consists of a diagrammatic
body or a
subsystem of bodies isolated from representation of a single
forces acting on it. its surroundings showing all the

Working with Newton's First and

Second Law:
Step-1:
Reference Frame: Check whether
the reference frame is inertial or non-inertial.

F
A
B

Step-2:
Decide the system: Decide the system on which the
applied. The laws of motion are to be
system may be a single particle, a block, a
one kept over the other two
blocks connected by a
combination of two blocks
string, a piece of string etC.,
System
ala) F A
B (or)

F Systen
A
b B (or)

System
F
c A
B

The only restriction is that, all parts of the

tion. system should have same accelera-
Step-3:
Identify the external contacts and
forces:
Once the system is decided, make
a list of the
all the objects other than the forces acting on
system. Any force the system due to
be included in the list of
the forces. applied by the system should not
32
 Olympiad Class Work Boo

a
N

A
N

mg
Step-4:
Choose coordinate system and draw acceleration diagram: When the forces are
coplanar, only two axis say X and Y are taken in the plane of forces are needed.
Choose the X-axis along the direction in which the system is known to have or is
likely to have the acceleration. A direction perpendicular to it may be chosen as
the Y-axis. If the system is in equilibrium any mutually perpendicular directions
in the plane of diagram may be chosen as the axes.

N a

F
A
N
a
mg

Step-5:
Application of F = ma . Write the components of all the forces along the x-axis and
equate their sum to the product of the mass of the system and its acceleration.
This gives us one equation. Write the components of forces along y-axis and equate
their sum to zero. This gives us another equations which are called as equations
of motion. Solve the equations to get the quantities.

2F. ma,
ma,

mntnnmr

when the system is in vertical equilibrium a, =

0,a, * 0.
2 0,

22 0, when the system is in horizontal equilibrium a, 0,a, =0.

Example: Consider the situation shown in the following figure. The boy stands on
floor in a room on the earth balancing a heavy load of mass 'm' on his head.
the
Find the force applied by the boy on the load.

33
Narayana Group of Schools
 Olympiad Class Work Book

Solution: as a reierence
consider room
Step-1: The boy is in a room on the earth. If we

frame, so it is an inertial frame.

Step-2: Now we decide the load as a system.

Step -3: We list out the forces acting on the system.

(Here O' is origin)

Step -4:

W
Step -5: Application of F =ma along x-axis no forces are there along x-axis.

So, ma =0 & a =0.

The components of the forces along y-axis are N' upward direction 'w = mg' down-
ward direction.
Sign convention:
If we consider downward direction as positive, then upward direction is negative.
W-N=0
Nw

.. N = mg

The force applied by the boy on the load is 'mg' in upward direction.
Pseudo Force:
Newton's laws of motion are
aPplicable in inertial frames
only.
To apply Newton's second law in non-inertial trame,
must be added to the forces. -m, (mathematical term)

Fma, = ma

Here the termn called

o. is
pseudo force. Where m is mass ot
body, a. is the
acceleration of
non-iertial relerence traime w.r.t an
acceleration of the body with respect t0 inertial frame and
is
non-inertial frame. a
Example: Centrifugal lorCe is the lermm observed
by a person in
(Non-inertial frame of reference) circular motion

34
 VIl-Physics (Vol - l )

Connected Bodies:

T T
m m F
smooth surface

shown.
and are pulled, as

1. Masses
m,, m, and m, are connected by light strings
Then,
For m, = T, = m,a

For m, = T2 - T, = m,a

For m, = F -T2 = m,a

F
as
a) Acceleration of the system (m, +mz +m,)

b) T = m,a

c)T, =(m, +m,)a (where, T,and Ta are tensions in the strings)

2 Mass m is on a smooth table. A string attached to it passes over a light pulley

and carries mn2

for m,: T=ma ; for m^ : m,g -T =

m,a
T T
m,
mmmmmmmmm T
smooth surface

m,

Acceleration of the system, a mg

m, +mn2

Tension in the T = m,m,g

string, -

(m, +m)
Thrust on
pulley =
2T

Narayana Group of Schools

 Olympiad Class Work Book / -Physics

3. When two bodies are connected by a light string passing over a light pulley, m, >
m,
(Atwood machine)
umuusgu uu
2T

m
T

for m, :T-mg
ma; for m^: m,g-T m,a

Acceleration of each body is a = m-mg

m, +ml2
T m,m,g
m,+m2)
Thrust on the pulley =
2T
Contact forces:
A system consists of the
bodies of different masses as shown which
tact. A force F is as applied shown. All the bodies move with the are in con-
a'. same acceleration

F m m m

For m : F -fi2 =
ma
For m,:12-f2s ma

For m, : f23 =
m1,a
F
a
m +m2 +m

Contact force between m, and

m, is (m +mn, )F
f =

(m, +m, + mg)

Contact force between m, and
m, is f13 = m,F
WORKSHEET 05
CUQ
1. In the representation of free body diagram, the only restriction is that all parts of
the system should have
1) identical acceleration 2) different acceleration
3) non uniform acceleration 4) no need to consider acceleration
Two bodies 'A' and B' are connected by a string over a pulley (see the fig). The
distance covered by 'A' is same as the same distance covered by 'B', but their
directions are different. Then
A

B
1) A can't be treated as a system.

2) (A+B) can't be treated as a system.

3) B can't be treated as a systemn.

4) A cant be treated as a system but B can be treated as a system.
connected pulley and disc sides
33. Two bodies A and B are by a string over a a over

the string (see the figure).Then (B+D)cannot be treated as a system. The reason

is

m
Am
D

1 The distance covered by B and D are equal

2) The distance covered by B and D are not equal-

3)The directions of B and D are same

4) The directions of B and D are different

In the representation of free body diagram, if the forces are coplanar. Then
1) Only one axis say X, taken in the plane of forces it is needed.
2) Only two axes, say X and Y taken in the plane of forces are needed.
3) No axes are needed.
4) It is difficult to say whether how many axes are needed.

arayana Group of Schools 37

 VII-Physics (Vol-I)=
Olymplad Class Work Book
lorces
non-contact
Which ot the tollowing are categorised into
2) Frictional force
1) Gravitational force
4) All of these
3)Normal force
on
The number of normal forces acting on a body depends
1) number of points or surfaces of contact
2) mass of body
3) colour of the body
4) both (1) and (2)

The free body diagram of the freely falling body is (Neglecting air
resistance)
N

2)
W m8 N W mg
W = mg

W mg
8. A book lying on a smooth horizontal table, then the free body diagram of the book
1s

smooth surface
N
N W mg

2) 3)
W mg8 4)
W mg N W mg
JEE MAIN
Single Answer Choice Type: LEVEL-11
1. Two masses m, =5kg and
4.8kg tied m, =
to a
tionless pulley. Then the acceleration string are
hanging
ot the
masses when
over a light in
is (g 9.8ms left free to mo

uuuuuuguuuu

m
2
1) 4.8 ms 2) 9.8 ms
3) 5 ms2
38
 =Vil- Physics (Vol-11)-
20 the dis-
is m. The time at which
The vertical distance between the
masses
2. 3
tance becomecs zero is
ummmymuu

2kg

1kg

1) 2S 2) 2S 3) 4S 4) 6s
1 kg and rest smooth horizontal table. When the 2kg
3 Two blocks of masses 2kg on

certain force F, then the tension T in the string is_

block is pulled by a

F
1kg 2kg

smooth surface

2) F/3 NN 3) F/4N 4) F/5 N

1) F/2 N

What is the upward acceleration of the 4kg block is shown in the figure. (s =10 ms*)

-F-60N

4kg

1) 5 ms 2) 15 mns 3) 25 ms 2
4) 10 ms?

arayana Group of Schools 39

 5. The force acting on the pulley as shown figure is (All the surfaces are
smooth and g =
10m/s')

w
2kg
n m

3kg
1) 62 N 2) 12/2 N 3) 82 N 4) 10/2 N
JEEMAIN
6 A mass of
lower end. If
lkg is suspended by
sudden jerk is given
a
string A. Another string 'C' is
LEVEL-2
a
to C'. Then
connected to its

B 1kg
C
1) The sting A will break
3) None of the strings will 2) The sting 'C' will
7. break 4) The mass will start
break
In the above
question, if the string 'C' is stretched rotating
1) the portion AB of the
string will
slowly. Then
2) the portion BC of the break
3) none of the string will
string will break.
break.
4) none of the above
A
stretching force of 10N is applied at one end
stretching applied at the other and at the of a
spring balance and an
is same time. The equal
1) Zero
reading of the
balance
2) 5N
9 Two 3) 1ON
10kg bodies are attached to a 4) 20N
ing of the balance is spring balance as shown in
figure. The read-
Spring scale
VO0000
10kg
1) 20 kg-wt 10kg
2) 10 kg-wt
3) Zero
40 4) 5 kg-wNT
 VIl- Physics (Vol- ) :
this balance at
graduated on
balance is scale if a body is weighed with
10. A spring indicated by
consecutively increasing heights, from carth's surface the weight
the balance wil1

1) go on increasing continuously 2) go on decreasing continuously

decrease
3) remain same 4) first increase and then

JEE MAIN
LEVEL 33
smooth horizontal
side by side o n a
11. Two blocks of mass 4kg and 2kg a r e placed 4kg block.
force of 20N is applied
on
surface as shown in the figure. A horizontal
Then find

i) The acceleration of each block

i) Normal reaction on the block B due to A

A
B
20N 4kg 2kg

1)m/sN
3 2m/s,N m/sN 4m/s,N
12. The force acting on the pulley in the shown figure is

4kg

2kg

2) 43.3 N 3) 53.3 N
4) 63.3 N
1) 33.3 N
Two bodies of 5kg and 4kg are tied to a string as shown in fig. If the table and
pulley both are smooth, acceleration of 5kg body is
T
4kg
wwm

5k
4
2) g/4 3)& 4)8
Nara Group of Schools 41
 Olymplad Class Work
Book VIll-Physlcs (Vol-I)
blocks of mass 4kg and 2k8 are placed side by side on a smooth horizontal
Surface as shown in the figure. A horizontal force of 20 N is applied on 4 kg block.
Then the normal reaction betwecn two blocks is

20N 4kg | 2k8

10
1)N 3
3 2)N 3N A) 10 N

JEE MAIN
LEVEL 4
15. Two bodies having masses m, =30g and m, =

40g are attached to the ends of a

string of negligible mass and suspended from a
light frictionless pulley, the ac-
celeration of the bodies is
1) 1.4 ms 2) 1.40 cm s2 3) 2.80 m s 4) 2.80 cm»
16. A light string passes over a frictionless pulley. To one of its end, a mass of
attached and to its other end a mass of 6kg is
string will be 10kg is attached. Then the tension in the

TA
T

6kg

10 kg
1) 24.5 N 2) 2.45 N 3) 79 N 4) 73.5 N
17. Two masses
m and m, (m, > m,) are connected to two ends of a
(inextensible) passing over a smooth pulley. Tension and light string
are acceleration of the masses
uuuuuyuuuu

1 m
2m,mg
Tm
(m-n})g
2m,m,g (n, m, )g
-

m, +m2 2)
3) (m, +m, )g. g/2
m+m m,+m
4) None of these
42
Narana Cu
 VIll-Physics (Vol -ll)= Olympiad Class Work Book

8. In a simple Atwood machine, two unequal masses m, and m, are connected by a

string going over a clamped light smooth pulley. But, In a typical arrangement
m, = 300g and m, = 600g. The system is released from rest. Then

T
T

m
Il2

The distance travelled by the first block in the next two seconds is_

4) 10m
m 2) 20m
3m
LEVEL-5
JEE MAIN
side by side smooth surface
19. Three blocks of mass 3kg, 2kg and 1kg are placed on a

applied 3kg block. Then the net

as shown in figure. A horizontal force of 12N is on

1orce on 2kg block is

12N 3kg 2kg 1kg

3) 9N 4) 5 N
1 4 N 2) 12 N
inextensible. The
20 in figure, the strings are light and
e,In the arrangement shown
a r e placed is
smooth. Then the acceleration of each
surface o v e r which blocks
block is
F-14N

akE2
3) 4 ms 4) 5 ms
1) 2 ms 2 2) 3 ms
21. In tension T, is
ove problem,
3) 12 N 4) 13 N
1) 8 N 2) 10 N
43
Narayyana GrouPef Schols
 Book
Work
Class
Olympiad
is 4) 13 N
t e n s i o n
T,
problem, 3) 10 N
22.
In
the
above

2) 14 N LEVEL 1
1) 12 N

DEE ADVANCED
of 70k
and weight
a
Comprehension Type-I: end of c o r d an
at weight of rope
one
suspended
weight of
30 kg
over a pulley. Neglect
shows a cord passing
Figure
other end of the
applied at
10m /s*)
pulley. (g
=

70kg

30 kg
left free to move is_
acceleration of the masses, when
23. The

3) 6m/s 4) 8m/s
1) 2m/s 2) 4m/s?
24. The tension in the cord is
3) 240 NN 4) 420 N
1) 120 N 2) 180 N
is 1 m, the time at which the dista-
If the vertical distance between the
masses
25
becomes zero i s

1)0.5 s 2) 2 s 4) 2s

Comprehension Type-II:
Mass m, is on a smooth table. A string attached to it passes over a light pulley
carries mass m,

smooth surface

m2
 VII

Acceleration of the system is

26.

m,g
m,g m,g 4) m
mB 2) m,+ m2 3) m,-m
1) m, +
m2

Tension in the string is

27

2m,m,8 4
4m,m,g
m,mg 2m,mgB 3) m, +
m2
2) m, + m2 m, +m,
1 m, +m

Thrust on the pulley is

28.

2m m,& 4m,m8
m,mg 2m,m8 4) m,+m,
1) m,+m2 2) m, +n2 m,+mn2

Matrix Match Type:

c
23. Column-I Column-II

a) String C is pulled with a sudden jerk p) String A will break

0) String B is pulled with a sudden jerk q)String B will break

String C is pulled steadily r) String C will break

d) String A is pulled with a sudden jerk s) None of these

Naray na Group of 45
Schools