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Fault Detection and Analysis of Three-Phase Induction Motors using

MATLAB Simulink Model
Akshay A. Umap1, Chetan M. Bobade2
1PG Scholar, Electrical Engineering Department, G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering, Amravati
2Head of Department, Electrical Engineering Department, G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering, Amravati
Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - Induction motors area unit important elements As indicated in [5] and [6], the short between winding turns
in several industrial processes. In spite of their hardiness they is that the second most typical explanation for fault in IM.
are doing sometimes fail and their ensuing unplanned period Once the IM square measure driven by frequency device
will prove terribly pricey. Therefore, condition watching of (inverter), matters tends to be even worse owing to the
electrical machines has received hefty attention in recent strain obligatory by the quick voltage transitions obligatory
years. There are a unit many ways to find mechanical and by the inverter’s transistors that contributes even additional
electrical issues in induction motors, either directly or to the insulation breakdown [7]. In [8] is indicated that the
indirectly. Directly, several parameters are often monitored to strain within the winding is 10 times worse on machines
supply helpful indications of inchoate faults. These parameters high-powered by the inverters.
embrace case vibration and noise, mechanical device part
current, air-gap or external magnetic compactness. In this state of affairs, there's a trend within the trade and
analysis community to develop solutions to discover faults in
For analysis of fault condition typical methodology of fast IM as indicated in reviews like [3] and [7]. Also, with the
Fourier remodel unit of measurement initial use and take a impact of frequency converters, arises the likelihood of
glance at for varied winding fault conditions. Then symbolic preventive medicine by non-invasive techniques through
logic controller supported fuzzy rule base vogue for analysis of constant on-line observance. If associate degree formula to
mechanical device winding faults. From every the conditions it diagnosing the condition of the motor is evolved to be
clear that the FFT analysis entirely calibrate total harmonics embedded in an exceedingly microcontroller, as an example,
distortion (THD) of faulted voltage and current signal of three it’s attainable to embedded this formula within the
section induction motor input aspect (stator side). frequency device controller, taking advantage of the
hardware gift in most of this sort of kit. Some researches
Whereas Fuzzy logic controller directly analyzed the kind of indicates that this diagnosing is done mistreatment AI
the fault on induction motor mechanical device winding. algorithms as seen in works like [9]-[11] and printed works
Motor model and fault analysis system vogue in MATLAB 2015 by the authors [12]-[15].
Simulink coding system. Victimization this coding system,
motor parameter analysis, fault cases analyzed. 2. PROPOSED APPROACH
2.1. FFT Analysis of IM
Key Words: Induction motor fault analysis, fuzzy logic
control

1. INTRODUCTION

Induction motors (IM) square measure utilized in several

industrial applications to convert power into mechanical,
due its high potency, robustness, responsibility and low
maintenance prices. IM square measure wide used, aiming to
consume among four-hundredth to five hundredth of all
energy capability generated in an exceedingly industrial
country [1].

IM gift faults, occurs due to many reasons like aging,

installation conditions, inadequate applications, lack of
preventive maintenance and mechanical or electrical stress Fig -1: Generalizedblock diagramof FFTanalysis
[2] [3]. The additional common faults, as listed in [3] and [4],
occur within the mechanical device winding, the insulation Figure 1 shows the FFT approach for three-phase induction
of the mechanical device or rotor, through the gap bars, motor analysis or harmonics analysis. In these approaches
crack rings or dynamic and static eccentricity. initial three-phase induction motor input voltage and input

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current are measured victimization CTs and PTs. Then 3. MATLAB Simulation model
measures RMS three-phase voltage and current signal send
to FFT analysis blocks. During this section total harmonics
content was analyzed for traditional conditions and
conjointly for abnormal winding faults conditions. By
observant the harmonics contents in traditional condition
and abnormally we have a tendency to analyzed the entire
Harmonics distortion (THD) of every 3-phase voltage and
three phases current. From the analysis, it's clear that
harmonics content throughout traditional conditions is
minimum for each three-phase voltage and three-phase
current signals. However this condition true just for a
number of fault condition doesn't satisfy all conditions. to
spot all winding faults condition of three-phase induction
motor.

2.2. Fuzzy Logic Controller Approach of IM

Fig-3:MATLABsimulationmodelofproposedapproach

Table-1: MATLAB simulink model parameter

specifications

Sr Name of Parameter specification

No simulation
block
1 11KV, 30MVA, Phase to phase RMS voltage = 11 KV;
Source feeder Frequency = 50Hz; Three phase
short circuit level at base voltage =
30 MVA; Base voltage = 11 KV; X/R
Ratio =7
2 1 MVA Primary winding connection = Delta;
Fig-2: Generalizedblockdiagramoffuzzylogiccontrollerbasedapproach Transformer Secondary winding connection =
Star with earth grounded; Nominal
Figure 2 of shows the fuzzy logic controller primarily based power = 1 MVA; Frequency =50Hz;
three-phase induction motor fault classification. In these Primary winding voltage = 11KV;
approaches 1st three-phase induction motor input voltage Secondary winding voltage = 0.4 KV;
and input current square measure measured exploitation Primary and secondary winding
CTs and PTs. Fuzzy rule base for a fuzzy logic controller resistance = 0.002 Pu; Primary and
system, for that purpose three-phase induction motor, secondary winding inductance =
operate the conventional condition and totally different fault 0.08 pu; Magnetizing resistance and
conditions. supported a reading of three-phase voltage and inductance = 500pu
current, rules square measure designed for traditional, part 3 Motor starting Initial status of breaker = open;
to part winding fault, part to a ground winding fault and contractor Switching time = 0.1 Sec; Breaker
contact fault. Then when formal logic controller places when resistance Ron = 0.001 Ohm;
the three-phase voltage and current measure system. Snubber resistance = 1 Mega Ohm
4 Induction motor Rotor type = Squirrel cage; motor
model: 100HP; Power =75 KW; V
=400V; speed = 1484 RPM; Nominal
power = 75 KVA; Vn = 400 V;
Frequency =50Hz; Stator resistance
= 0.01665 pu; Stator inductance =
0.04955pu; Rotor resistance Rr =
0.009805pu; Rotor inductance Rl =
0.04988pu; Mutual inductance Lm =
2.224pu; Pole pair = 2

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4. MATLAB SIMULATION RESULTS 4.1.1. Normal condition

4.1. Results from FFT analysis

Table-2: FFT Analysis result for calibration of Total

Harmonics Distortion (THD)

Fault Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) %

Sr No
type

Va Vb Vc Ia Ib Ic

1 Normal
1.7 1.93 1.55 84.72 93.91 84.81

Ph-Gnd
2 (A-G) 53.21 2.06 2.17 64.02 101..97 48.43 Fig-4: FFT Analysis on phase A current signal during
normal condition
Ph-Gnd
3 (B-G) 2.37 55.47 1.7 51.29 66.43 90.55
Figure 4 shows the FFT analysis window for phase A current
Ph-Gnd of induction motor input supply during normal operation
4 (C-G) 1.78 2.51 50.75 91.9 51.08 68.02 condition in which it observed that Total harmonics
distortion (THD) is minimum due to presence of less amount
Ph-Ph of harmonics content due to faults or harmonics absents in
5 (A-B) 46.68 49.31 2.14 63.81 63.56 48.99 current. The THD is calibrated for phase A current during
normal condition is around 84.72%.
Ph-Ph
6 (B-C) 2.23 46.69 48.95 46.57 66.06 66.28

Ph-Ph
7 (A-C) 45.34 2.445 43.1 65.59 48.02 66.15

Three
phase
short
8 circuit 68.32 73.65 68.17 64.38 64.55 66.8

Table 1 shows the Total harmonics distortion calibration

using FFT analysis. From above table it is clear that during
normal condition of three phase induction motor THD for
three phase voltage is below 2% and three phase current
THD is in between 80 to 95%. For abnormal condition total
harmonics distortion for faulted phases was increases that Fig-5: FFT Analysis on phase B current signal during
means harmonics content increases in faulted phase. normal condition

Figure 5 shows the FFT analysis window for phase B current

of induction motor input supply during normal operation
condition in which it observed that Total harmonics
distortion (THD) is minimum due to presence of less amount
of harmonics content due to faults or harmonics absents in
current. The THD is calibrated for phase B current during
normal condition is around 93.91%.

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4.1.2. Phase to ground winding fault

Fig-8: FFT Analysis on phase C Voltage of induction motor

during phase to Phase fault in phase A winding to C
Winding
Fig-6: FFT Analysis on phase A current of induction motor
during phase to ground fault in phase A winding to Ground Figure 9 shows the FFT analysis window for phase A voltage
of induction motor input supply during phase to Phase fault
Figure 6 shows the FFT analysis window for phase A current in phase A winding to C Winding in which it observed that
of induction motor input supply during phase to ground fault Total harmonics distortion (THD) is around 39.53%.
in phase A winding to Ground in which it observed that Total
harmonics distortion (THD) is minimum due to magnitude of
current in phase A increases due to ground fault. The THD is
calibrated for phase A current during phase to ground fault
in phase A winding to Ground is around 48.43%.

Fig-9: FFT Analysis on phase A voltage of induction motor

during phase to Phase fault in phase A winding to C
Winding

4.1.4. Three Phase Short Circuit Winding Fault

Fig-7: FFT Analysis on phase C current of induction motor

during phase to ground fault in phase A winding to Ground

Figure 7 shows the FFT analysis window for phase C current

of induction motor input supply during phase to ground fault
in phase C winding to Ground in which it observed that Total
harmonics distortion (THD) is around 64.02%.

4.1.3. Phase to phase winding fault

Figure 8 shows the FFT analysis window for phase C voltage

of induction motor input supply during phase to Phase fault
in phase A winding to C Winding in which it observed that Fig-10: FFT Analysis on phase A Current of induction
Total harmonics distortion (THD) is around 77.49%. motor during three phase short circuit in stator winding

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Figure 10 shows the FFT analysis window for phase A membership functions design for all inputs and outputs are
current of induction motor input supply during three phase triangular membership function. The range of input voltage
short circuit in stator winding in which it observed that Total A membership function shown in table 3. The range of input
harmonics distortion (THD) is around 64.37%. Current phase C membership function shown in table 4. The
range of output i.e. types of induction motor faults
membership function shown in table 5.

Table-3: Rang of membership function input phase A

voltage
Name of Range Type of MF
Membership
function (MF)
Low 0 to 50 to 100 Triangular
Medium 100 to 150 to 200 Triangular
High 200 to 325 to 450 Triangular

Table-4: Rang of membership function input phase C

current
Name of Range Type of MF
Fig-11: FFT Analysis on phase B Voltage of induction Membership
motor during three phase short circuit in stator winding function (MF)
Low 0 to 25 to 50 Triangular
Medium 50 to 1838 to 3725 Triangular
Figure 11 shows the FFT analysis window for phase B High 3725 to 5615 to 7500 Triangular
Voltage of induction motor input supply during three phase
short circuit in stator winding in which it observed that Total Table-5: Rang of membership function output types of IM
harmonics distortion (THD) is around 73.52%. faults classification
Name of Range Type of MF
Figure 4 to 11shows the FFT window for calibration of total Membership
harmonics distortion (THD) for normal and abnormal faults function (MF)
conditions on three phase induction motor. Normal condition 0 to 0.5 to 1 Triangular
Phase to ground fault 1 to 1.5 to 2 Triangular
Phase to phase fault 2 to 2.5 to 3 Triangular
4.2. Results from Fuzzy Logic Control Short circuit wdg fault 3 to 3.5 to 4 Triangular

4.2.1. Fuzzy Logic controller

Fig-12: Fuzzy logic controller designing toolbox in Fig-13: Membership function for three phase A stator
MATLAB simulink for induction motor fault analysis input voltage
Figure 12 shows the fuzzy logic controller toolbox window in
matlab simulink 2015 version. In which we have to design
input membership function that means three phase voltages
of induction motor Va, Vb, Vc as well as three phase input
current Ia, Ib, Ic. Also output membership design for
classification of different faults classifications like
membership functions for Phase to ground, Winding phase
to phase fault and Winding short circuit faults. The

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ph
Wdg ph-
6 BC ph 215.2 120.8 94.5 522 6457 6393
Wdg ph-
7 AC ph 94.47 215.2 120.7 6395 522.1 6458
Wdg ph-
8 ABC ph 14.83 14.81 14.79 7410 7403 7399
Wgd ph-
9 ABCG Gn 14.83 14.8 14.8 7412 7402 7397

Table 6 shows the input three phase voltages and currents of

three phase induction motor which measures at normal
conditions as well as during abnormal condition or fault
conditions.

Table-7: Fuzzy Rule and corresponding fuzzy decision

Fig-14: Membership function for fuzzy decision for three short
phase induction motor fault classification ph- ph- circui norm
Sr No Va Vb Vc Ia Ib Ic ph gnd t al

1 H H H L L L 0 0 0 1

2 L H H H M M 2 0 0 0

3 H L H M H M 2 0 0 0

4 H H L M M H 2 0 0 0

5 M L H H H M 0 3 0 0

6 L H M H M H 0 3 0 0

7 L M L M H H 0 3 0 0

8 L L L H H H 0 0 4 0

Note : H = High = Range for voltage ( 0 to 100 Volts) and for

current (0 to 50 Amperes)
M = Medium = Range for voltage ( 100 to 200 Volts)
and for current ( 50 to 3725 Amperes)
Fig-15: Fuzzy rule base for fuzzy logic controller L = Low = Range for voltage (200 to 450 Volts) and for
current (3725 to 7500 Amperes)
Figure 15 shows the fuzzy logic controller rule base design
window, in which window we have to design rule base for 4.3. Result for three phase induction motor
fuzzy logic controller based on available input ranges. The
rule base design is totally depends upon system parameter
behaviors. Fuzzy “if then” Rules designs in that window are
shown in table 7 in short form manner.

Table-6: Three phase stator current and voltage for

different fault condition and normal condition

Sr Fault
No Faults Type Va Vb Vc Ia Ib Ic
1 Normal Normal 229.4 229.4 229.4 47.51 47.48 47.52
Wgd ph-
2 AG Gn 89.24 220 218.7 7174 313.3 345.1
Wgd ph-
3 BG Gn 218.8 89.24 220 345.2 7174 313.3
Wgd ph-
4 CG Gn 220 218.7 89.24 313.5 345.1 7174 Fig-16: Three phase induction motor input three phase
5 AB Wdg ph- 120.8 94.51 215.3 6459 6396 521.8 voltage and current

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Figure 16 shows the three phase input voltage and currents 5. CONCLUSION
of induction motor during normal condition. It observed that
three phase voltage and current measured are at rated FFT analysis only analyzed total harmonics distortion of
values. Similarly, figure 17 shows the RMS values of three stator input voltage and current. FFT Analysis takes more
phase input voltage and current of three phase induction time for analysis of fault condition. It requires to analyze
motor during normal operation conditions. each phase voltage and current THD.

Fuzzy logic controller rule base system easily classifies each

type of three phase induction motor fault conditions. Fuzzy
logic controllers classify the fault with the short duration of
time as compared with FFT analysis technique. Efficiency of
fuzzy logic controller as compared with FFT analysis for
three phase induction motor fault classification is more.

As a possible extension to this work, it would be quite useful

to analyze all fault conditions for synchronous machine. Also
extend for DC motor drive fault analysis and Brushless DC
motor drive fault classification.

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