Scribd
Upload
355 views3 pages

Lecture 6

1) Thin-walled pressure vessels experience uniform tensile stresses throughout their wall thickness to resist internal pressure. Cylindrical vessels experience longitudinal and circumferential stresses, while spherical vessels only experience radial stresses. 2) Sample problems are provided to calculate stresses in pressure vessels of different shapes under various internal pressures, including vessels made of different materials. 3) Combined axial and lateral loads on members can cause second-order effects as bending forces create deflections, and axial forces applied to the deflected member create additional bending and further deflection in an iterative process.

Uploaded by

Princess Dianne Maitel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
355 views3 pages

Lecture 6

1) Thin-walled pressure vessels experience uniform tensile stresses throughout their wall thickness to resist internal pressure. Cylindrical vessels experience longitudinal and circumferential stresses, while spherical vessels only experience radial stresses. 2) Sample problems are provided to calculate stresses in pressure vessels of different shapes under various internal pressures, including vessels made of different materials. 3) Combined axial and lateral loads on members can cause second-order effects as bending forces create deflections, and axial forces applied to the deflected member create additional bending and further deflection in an iterative process.

Uploaded by

Princess Dianne Maitel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

LECTURE 6

A. Stresses due to combined loads

Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels


A pressure vessel is a pressurized container, Fig. 8.3
often cylindrical or spherical. The pressure
acting on the inner surface is resisted by
tensile stresses in the walls of the vessel. If the
wall thickness t is sufficiently small compared b. Spherical vessels
to the radius r of the vessel, these stresses are
almost uniform throughout the wall thickness. As shown in Fig. 8.3(b), we use half of the
vessel as the free-body diagram. The fluid is
included in the free-body diagram, but its
weight is neglected together with the weight of
the vessel. The resultant force due to the
pressure acting on the circular surface of the
fluid is p( π r 2), where r is the inner radius of the
vessel. We use again the approximation 2 πr t
for the cross-sectional area of the wall, where r
denotes the mean radius of the vessel and t is
the wall thickness.

pr
a. Cylindrical vessels σ=
2t
Consider the cylindrical tank of inner radius r Unit Analysis
and wall thickness t shown in Figure (a). The
tank contains a fluid (or gas) under pressure p. lb
= psi
In this simplified analysis, we assume that the ¿2
weights of the fluid and the vessel can be
neglected compared to the other forces that act
on the vessel. The tensile stresses in the wall
that resist the internal pressure are the
longitudinal stress σ land the circumferential
Sample Problem 1
stress σ c (also known as the hoop stress), as
shown in Figure (a). A spherical shell with 70-in. outer diameter and
67-in. inner diameter contains helium at a
pressure of 1200 psi. Compute the stress in
the shell.

p
σ c=
t
pr
σ l=
2t
p= Internal Pressure
r = Internal radius of the vessel
t = thickness
Sample Problem 2 Sample Problem 5
A spherical pressure vessel has a 1.5-ft inner The cylindrical tank with a spherical end-cap
radius and 3/16-in. wall thickness. If the has an outer radius of 2 m and a wall thickness
working tensile stress of the material is 6000 of 25 mm. If the tank is pressurized to 1.5 MPa,
psi, determine the maximum allowable internal determine the longitudinal and circumferential
pressure. stresses in the cylinder, and the stress in the
end-cap.

Sample Problem 3
The cylindrical portion of the propane tank has
an outer diameter of 12 in. and a wall thickness
of 0.125 in. Calculate the longitudinal and
circumferential stresses in the wall of the
cylinder when the tank is pressurized to 200
psi.

SOLUTIONS:

Sample Problem 4
To determine the strength of the riveted joints Sample Problem 6
in a cylindrical vessel, tensile tests were A cylindrical steel pressure vessel has
performed on the 6-in.-wide specimens, as hemispherical end-caps. The inner radius of
shown in the figure. The tensile force P at the vessel is 24 in. and the wall thickness is
failure was found to be 32 kips for the constant at 0.25 in. When the vessel is
longitudinal joint specimen and 16 kips for the pressurized to 125 psi, determine the stresses
circumferential joint specimen. Determine the and the change in the radius of (1) the cylinder;
largest allowable inner diameter of the cylinder and (2) the end-caps. Use E=29 x 106 psi and
that can support a pressure of 150 psi with a v=0.28 for steel.
factor of safety of 2.0.

Sample Problem 7
The spherical gas tank is made of steel (E=
29 x 106 psi; v=0.3). The inner radius of the tank
is 20 ft and its wall thickness is 1.0 in. (a) If the
working stress of the steel is 9000 psi,
SOLUTION:
determine the maximum safe pressure for the
tank. (b) Compute the corresponding change in until either the member either becomes
the volume of the tank. unstable or the deflection/moment cycle
converges.

SOLUTION:

Sample Problem 8
The ends of the 3-in. inner diameter bronze
tube are attached to rigid walls. Determine the
longitudinal and circumferential stresses when
the tube is pressurized to 400 psi. Use E=
6
12 x 10 psi; v=1/3 for bronze. Neglect localized
bending at the ends of the tube.

SOLUTIONS:

B. Combined Axial And Lateral Loads

The simultaneous combination of axial


compression with bending creates what are
known as "second order" effects. The bending
forces, alone, create deflections in the
member. Adding axial force to the deflected
member creates additional bending moment
which, in turn, creates more moment, which
creates more deflection, which creates more
moment, which creates more deflection, etc

You might also like