Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

MAI-101(Mathematics-1), Autumn Semester: 2023-24

Assignment-1: Matrix Algebra I

(1) Reduce each of the following matrices into row echelon form and then find their ranks:
     
1 2 1 0 2 4 6   0 0 2 2 0
1 −2 5 −3
 (b)  −1 3 2  (c)  2
 2 4 8 6     1 3 2 4 1 
(a) 
 0 0 5 8   1 4 6  3 1 −4  (d)   2 6

2 6 2 
3 8 −3 −5
3 6 6 3 2 8 7 3 9 1 10 6
(2) Examine the following set of vectors over R for linear dependence:
(a) {(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1), (−1, 1, −1)} (b) {(1, −1, 1), (2, 1, 1), (8, 1, 5)}
(c) {(1, −1, 2, 4), (2, −1, 5, 7), (−1, 3, 1, −2)} (d) {(1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 0), (1, −1, 2)}

(3) (a) Find the conditions

 on α and β for which the matrix
α 1 2
 0 2 β  has (i) rank = 1 (ii) rank = 2 (iii) rank = 3.
1 3 6
(b) For what values of α and β is the following system consistent?
2x + 4y + (α + 3)z = 2, x + 3y + z = 2, (α − 2)x + 2y + 3z = β.
(4) Solve the following system of linear equations by Gauss elimination method:
(a) x + 4y − z = 4, x + y − 6z = −4, 3x − y − z = 1
(b) x + y + z = −3, 3x + y − 2z = −2, 2x + 4y + 7z = 7
(c) x + 2y + z = 2, 3x + y − 2z = 1, 2x + 4y + 2z = 4
(5) Consider the following systems of linear equations:
(a) 2x + 3y + 5z = 9, 2x + 3y + rz = s, 7x + 3y − 2z = 8
(b) x + y − z = 1, 2x + 3y + λz = 3, x + λy + 3z = 2
(c) λx + y + z = p, x + λy + z = q, x + y + λz = r
Find the values of unknown constant(s) such that each of the above systems has
(i) no solution (ii) a unique solution (iii) infinitely many solutions.

(6) Use Gauss elimination method to show that following system has no solution:
2 sin x − cos y + 3 tan z = 3 2x2 + 2x3 + 3x4 = b1
(a) 4 sin x + 2 cos y − 2 tan z = 10 (b) 2x1 + 4x2 + 6x3 + 7x4 = b2 for some (b1 , b2 , b3 ) ∈ R3 .
6 sin x − 3 cos y + tan z = 9. x1 + x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 = b3 ,
(7) Let P2 be the set of all polynomials of degree 2 or less. Use Gauss elimination method
to find polynomial(s) f ∈ P2 such that f (0) = 1, f (1) = 2 and f (−1) = 6.

(8) Find the values of k for which the following system of equations has
(i) trivial solution (ii) non-trivial solution.

(3k − 8)x + 3y + 3z = 0 (k − 1)x + (3k + 1)y + 2kz = 0

(a) 3x + (3k − 8)y + 3z = 0 (b) (k − 1)x + (4k − 2)y + (k + 3)z = 0
3x + 3y + (3k − 8)z = 0 2x + (3k + 1)y + 3(k − 1)z = 0
(9) By employing elementary row operations, find the inverse of the following matrices:

 
  1 1 1 1
1 2 −2  2 1 3 0 
(a)  −1 3 0  (b) 
 3

0 2 5 
0 −2 1
2 1 1 3

(10) Suppose X, Y ∈ Rn , n > 1 are any two column matrices. Prove or disprove that the matrix
A = XY T is invertible.
(11) Find the value of θ for which the following system of equations has non-trivial solution?
2(sin θ)x + y − 2z = 0, 3x + 2(cos 2θ)y + 3z = 0, 5x + 3y − z = 0.
(12) (a) Let A be an n × n matrix. If A is not invertible, then prove that there exists an n × n matrix
B such that AB = 0 but B 6= 0.
 
1 2 −1 3
 −2 1 0 1 
(b) Let A =   0 5 −2 7 . Find a 4 × 4 matrix B 6= 0 such that AB = 0.

−1 3 −1 4
 
1 7 −1 −2 −1
 3 21 0 9 0 
(13) Consider a 4 × 5 matrix A =   2 14 0
.
6 1 
6 42 −1 13 0
(a) Find the row-reduced echelon form of A.
 
1 7 −1 −2 −1
 0 0 3 15 3 
(b) Find an invertible matrix P such that P A =   0 0 2 10 3  .

0 0 5 25 6
3
(c) Find the locus of the point (x, y, z) ∈ R such that for each column vector
Y = (x, y, z, 5)T , the equation AX = Y has a solution.
(d) If X = (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 )T , then find the conditions on x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5
such that AX = 0.
ANSWERS
(1) (a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 3

(2) (a) LD (b) LD (c) LI (d) LI

(3) (a) (i) Not possible (ii) α = 31 or β = 4 (iii) α 6= 13 , β 6= 4

(b) α = 3 and β = 1; or α = −2 and β = 6; or α 6= 3, −2 .
(4) (a) (1,1,1) (b) No solution (c) Infinite solutions (x = k, y = 1 − k, z = k, k ∈ R)

(5) (a) (i) r = 5, s 6= 9 (ii) r 6= 5, s ∈ R (iii) r = 5, s = 9.

(b) (i) λ = −3 (ii) λ 6= −3, 2 (iii) λ = 2
(c) (i) λ = 1 and p + q − 2r 6= 0 OR λ = 1 and q 6= r
OR λ = −2 and p + q + r 6= 0
(ii) λ 6= 1, −2
(iii) λ = 1 and p = q = r OR λ = −2 and p + q + r = 0
(7) f (x) = 3x2 − 2x + 1

(8) (a) (i) k 6= 32 , 11

3(ii) k = 23 or 11
3 (b) (i) k 6= 0, 3 (ii) k = 0 or 3
 
  −16 4 −4 12
3 2 6  5 −1 −1 0 
(9) (a)  1 1 2  (b) 41  
 9 −1 3 −8 
2 2 5
6 −2 2 −4
√
(11) 2nπ + π/6 or 2nπ + sin−1 (9 − 161)/4, n = 0, 1, 2, · · ·
 
1 −1 1 0
 2 −7 2 −5 
(12)  5 0 5 5  (This is just one solution. The matrix B is not unique).
(b)  

0 5 0 5
   
1 7 0 3 0 1 0 0 0
 0 0 1 5 0   −3 1 0 0 
(13) (a) 
 0 0 0 0 1 
 (b) 
 −2 0 1 0 


0 0 0 0 0 −6 0 0 1
(c) x + y + z = 5
(d) x1 + 7x2 + 3x4 = 0, x3 + 5x4 = 0, x5 = 0 .