A Study On The Biological Effectiveness of The Effect, Occurring by Copper Nanoparticles When Using The Yerba Mate Extract

CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | May-Jun 2023 ISSN: 2660-4159

http://cajmns.centralasianstudies.org
A Study on the Biological Effectiveness of the Effect, Occurring

by Copper Nanoparticles when Using the Yerba Mate Extract
1. Sura Amer Kadhim Abstract: The commercial demand increased for the
2. Nabaa Abbas Fadhel nanoparticles because they are eligible for application
on a large scale in various fields like electronics,
3. Mona Sarhan Sandu Chemical catalytic, energy and medicine.
The mineral nanoparticles may be manufactured
traditionally by humid chemical techniques, whereas the
Received 5th Apr 2023,
Accepted 6th May 2023,
used chemical substances may be poisonous and
Online 8th June 2023 flammable in many cases.
At this work, we described a technique effective in cost
1, 2, 3
and co-friendly, for the green synthesis of
Department of Chemistry, College of Nanoparticles, by the extract of yerba mate plant as a
Science
reducing factor.
The nanoparticles had been described by using the
Atomic force Microscopy (AFM).
AFM analysis shows that the average size of yerba mate
particles amounts 70 nanometers. The current study
points out that the nanoparticles have a good effect as a
bacteriostatic gent for the tested E.coli and S. aurous.
Key words: Copper.
1- Introduction
Yerba mate is a plant growing in South America, Uruguay Mountains, Brazil, Agentina and most
places in South America. It has various names like American holly, Paraguay tea and in Levant (Bilad
Al-Sham) called mate. The scientific name of yerba mate is ilex-paraguariensis. Yerba mate is always
green tree, growing in Argentina, Pero, Brazil, Uruguay and Chile, but it grows abundantly in
Uruguay. This plant has characteristics like distinctive odor, bitter taste, stimulant to different senses,
able to make the stomach empty, uretic, causing excessive sweating, and fever reducer.
Yerba mate contains water, cellulose, dextrin, resins, Glucose, Pentose, colloids, some fats, Folic acid,
Caffeic acid, Chlorophyll, cholesterine, Some volatile oils, and great amounts of Vitamins as
mentioned previously. The dust coming from burning the yerba mate cantinas Potassium, Lithium,
Sulphur, Carbon, Chloric and Nitric acids, in addition to Magnesium, Manganese, iron and aluminum.
This plant contains xanthines like Theophylline, Theobromine, Xanthine, Xanthine and all of them are
strong alkaloids. It also contains the Mateine compound of high value and efficiency, in addition to
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CAJMNS Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | May-Jun 2023
hundreds of components and chemical compounds, important for man health like Flavonoids,
Important anti-oxidant and other important and useful components.
Yerba mate contain lots of Vitamins like A, B, B-2, B-1 and E, Riboflavin, Beta-carotene, Nicotine
Acid, Biotin and minerals like magnesium and calcium, silicon, Phosphate, Phosphor, Hydrochloric
Acid, Chlorophyll and Choline.
In addition it contains some fibers, resins, volatile oils and tans. The yerba mate contains a distinctive
type of important organic compounds, called Xanthines, the most important of them is the Mateine
compound, which has a great favor in the effectiveness of yerba mate as a general strengthening and
stimulus for the body.
Currently, there is a trend to use natural green alternatives for preparing the nanoparticles because the
researchers found that the plants contain compounds gathering the mineral Nano chips after reducing
them, because they work as reducing factors for the minerals, by turning them to the Nano
measurement. There are many researches for preparing the Nano minerals through the green
chemistry, like preparing the golden Nano chips by using soya beans, green tea and other green
preparations and the researches are still continuous because they are important in many industrial
applications, because they have great effect against Bacteria. .
2- Procedure and used substances
2.1. The chemical substances
CuO Nanopowder of high purity (99.55 +/ 25-55 Nanometer). The products with high purity are
prepared by using pure analytical chemical indicator like the raw materials and to be washed by the
distilled water.
2.2. Preparation of the copper nanoparticles with the yerba mate extract.
10 grams of yerba mate to be put in 500 mm distilled water and heated till boiling, with moving it by
magnetic drive, and then to be left until being cooled. Then, to filter the extracted solution and taking
40 mm and to add 10.0 g from CuO Nanopwder, and it is noted that the color of the solution has
changed from yellow to black as seen in the figure (1)
Figure (1): The first jug represents the extract of yerba mate alone and the second jug represents the
extract of yerba mate with CuO Nanopowder.
2.3. The procedure for studying the susceptibility of bacteria
The digging method was used for studying the effect of Eriobotrya Japonica in deactivating the growth
of E coli and S.aurous Bacteria.
Two pits are done and the dishes were put in the incubator for 24 hours at 37 0C.
The pit to be dug by suberic drilling at equal dimensions for each species from bacteria, and the
bacterial suspension to be diffused by cotton swab homogenous on Mueller Hinyton Ager medium,
after being compared with McFarland standard tube.
The effectiveness of the extract was discovered by measuring the diameter of deactivation, using a
ruler around each pit, for three repetitions to each isolation.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Atomic Force Microscopy
The Macroscopic analysis of the Atomic Force Microscopy was used to know and draw the features of
the Nano and micro dimensions. The surface topology of the copper nanoparticles surfaces for the
extract of yerba mate was studied as seen in figure (2).
Figure (2): Atomic Force Microscopy for the copper nanoparticles of the two and three dimensions of
the extract of yerba mate.
3.2. Studying the biological effectiveness:
The results showed that the copper nanoparticles, prepared by the yerba mate extract has effective
antimicrobial activity, as appeared in the deactivation diameter amounting (10) mm, for Escherichia
coli (E.Coli) and (15) mm for Staphylococcus aureus (S.aurous). This was a result of an experiment
conducted under circumstances like 37 degree Celsius, development of two types of pathogenic
bacteria to 106 = OD600 and testing various chemical compounds against pathogenic bacteria. These
results are corresponding to the previous studies in this field.
The effect of this deactivation shall be by the electrostatic attraction between the positive charge of
copper ion and negative charge of cell wall or the microbes, producing free roots which cause
deterioration to the cell wall and death of the cell, as shown in the figures (3) and (4) and in table No
(1).
Table (1): Shows the amount of the copper nanoparticles against the tested bacteria
Deactivation diameter Tested bacteria
10 mm E.Coli
15 mm S.aurous
Figure (3): The cross effect of copper partciles, Figure (4): The cross effect of copper partciles,
using the tetsed bacteria of Escherichia coli using the tetsed bacteria of Staphylococcus
(E.Coli) species. aureus (S.aurous) species.
4. Conclusions
The study included the preparation of the copper nanoparticles by using the yerba mate in capacity as a
reducing and stable factor. This method is co-friendly; it is green and depends on vegetable materials,
non-costing and non-poisonous chemical substances, in addition to being prepared in one step at room
temperature, giving results showing the homogenous Nano dimensions and during studying the
biological activity for them they fund that the copper nanoparticles work as a bacteriostatic agent.
Therefore, they were used commercially for medical purposes.
References:
1. Vinod Vellora Thekkae Padil and Miroslav Cernikc Green synthesis of copper Oxide nanoparticles
using gum as a biotemplate and their antibacterial application IntJ Nanomedicine.2013; 8:889-898

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CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES

Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | May-Jun 2023 ISSN: 2660-4159

A Study on the Biological Effectiveness of the Effect, Occurring

605 Published by “ CENTRAL ASIAN STUDIES" http://www.centralasianstudies.org

606 Published by “ CENTRAL ASIAN STUDIES" http://www.centralasianstudies.org

607 Published by “ CENTRAL ASIAN STUDIES" http://www.centralasianstudies.org

608 Published by “ CENTRAL ASIAN STUDIES" http://www.centralasianstudies.org

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