Physics

GRADE 9
2ND QUARTER

TOPICS DISPLACEMENT

➔ (1) Free Fall ➔ Change of location

➔ Displacement ➔ Intervals get longer as it
➔ Velocity falls
➔ Acceleration
➔ Displacement is negative
➔ Sign Convention
➔ (2) Projectile Motion downward
➔ Horizontal Motion ➔ Increases as the object
➔ Vertical Motion falls down
➔ Height, Angles, Range
➔ (3) Impulse and Momentum VELOCITY
➔ Collision ➔ Velocity is constantly
➔ Law of Conservation increasing when falling
of Momentum
down
➔ (4) Energy
➔ Potential Energy ➔ Rate of displacement
➔ Kinetic Energy ➔ Vector quantity (object
has magnitude and
direction)
FREE FALL ➔ The increase in the
velocity for each time
➔ Only experiences the force
interval is constant (-
of gravity
➔ Mass does not affect the 9.8m/s)
rate of fall ➔ The value is negative
➔ Experiencing constant because it is going
value of acceleration - downwards (straight path)
9.8m/s^2 both when ➔ Initial Velocity 0
thrown and falling down ➔ Decreases when going up
➔ Air resistance: Falls ➔ *terminal velocity =
slower especially if it constant velocity
has a large surface area
➔ All free-falling objects ACCELERATION
have the same rate of fall
➔ Acceleration is constant

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 ➔ How fast velocity is ➔ Spacecraft in continuous
changing orbit
➔ Uniformly accelerated motion ➔ Skydiving
= free falling body
(-9.8m/s^2)
➔ The acceleration of an PROJECTILE MOTION
object dropped from rest is
the same with the ➔ An object upon which the
acceleration of an object force acting is gravity
thrown downward. ➔ Free falling body is an
example of projectile
Equations for Free Fall ➔ Curved/parabolic path also
(Vertical Motion) known as trajectory
➔ Horizontal and Vertical
Motion are independent
components from each other
and happens simultaneously
➔ Use pythagorean theorem to
determine the magnitude of
the actual velocity.
SIGN CONVENTION √a^2+b^2
➔ Distances above the origin
HORIZONTAL MOTION
are positive; while below
➔ Distance is constant
the origin are negative
➔ Velocity is constant
➔ Upward velocities -
(represented as Vx)
positive; Downward
➔ Does not accelerate (no
velocities - negative
change in velocity = no
➔ Acceleration due to
acceleration)
gravity are always
➔ Has no force (is
negative
experiencing law of
inertia)
➔ If launched horizontally,
EXAMPLES OF FREE FALL the initial horizontal
➔ Moon revolving around the velocity is non-zero
earth ➔ Horizontal velocity:
Vx=Vicosθ
➔ Fruit falling from a tree
➔ Stone dropped from a hill
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VERTICAL MOTION ➔ Mass x Velocity = Momentum
➔ Distance is increasing ➔ kg-m/s, N-s
➔ Velocity is increasing (- ➔ Change in velocity is a
9.8m/s)(represented as Vy) change in momentum
➔ Is in constant ➔ To change momentum, we
acceleration (-9.8m/s^2) must apply a net force
➔ Has gravitational force ➔ The longer the force is
➔ Initial vertical velocity applied, the greater the
is zero change in momentum
➔ Vertical velocity: ➔ The greater the mass OR
Viy=Visinθ velocity, the greater the
momentum
HEIGHT, ANGLES, RANGE
➔ The angle and the height
IMPULSE
are directly proportional
➔ All complementary angles ➔ Change in momentum and
will have the same value amount of time
of range ➔ Force x Time
➔ Range: R=Vxt ➔ F x t = m (Vf - Vi)
➔ Height: Dy= Viy + ½ gt2 ➔ mv/t = N (<-Newtons/force)
➔ If time is decreased, the
force needed is greater
(inversely proportional)
➔ kg-m/s or N-s
➔ Force = I/t

COLLISION
➔ Occur when one object
strikes each other
➔ ELASTIC - objects
bounce back
MOMENTUM ➔ NON-ELASTIC - stick
together in one
➔ Mass in motion
direction
➔ How objects are moving
before they interact and
Elastic Inelastic
then after they interact
➔ Vector quantity
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Total p before = p p before = p
Momentum after, after,
conserved conserved

Total KE KE before = KE before >

KE after, KE after, not
conserved conserved

Definition Bounce Stick

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

➔ Two or more bodies in an
isolated system collide
ENERGY
with each other, their
➔ Energy is required for the
total momentum remains
evolution of life forms on
constant unless an
earth.
external force is applied.
➔ It is defined as the
➔ Momentum can neither be
capacity to do work.
created nor destroyed
➔ There are many types of
➔ Internal - forces that
energy such as heat,
particles of a system
electrical, chemical,
exert on one another
nuclear, etc.
➔ External - forces applied
➔ To find the velocity, take
on any part of the system
the square root of 2KE/m
by other objects outside
the system.
POTENTIAL ENERGY
➔ For an Isolated System,
➔ Stored energy of an object
total momentum before
depending on its position
interaction is equal to
➔ The higher the object, the
➔ total momentum after
greater the potential
interaction.
energy.
➔ The greater the mass, the
greater potential energy.
➔ PE = mgh
➔ The potential energy due
to its position is called

KINETIC ENERGY ➔ KE = ½mv2

➔ Energy possessed by a body
because of its motion.

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MECHANICAL ENERGY ➔ Energy is neither lost nor
➔ The sum of Potential created.
Energy and Kinetic Energy

CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL
ENERGY
➔ The mechanical energy in a
closed system is always
conserved.
➔ The amount of each energy
(PE & KE) may change but
the total sum doesn’t.

LIST OF FORMULAS
Velocity Momentum/Mass

Impulse Force x Time

Force Impulse/Time

Time Impulse/Force

Kinetic ½ mv^2

Potential mgh

Range Vx(t)

Height Viy+ ½ (g)(t)^2

Momentum Mass x Velo

Mass Momentum/Velo