OSMEÑA COLLEGES

City of Masbate, 5400, Philippines

Tel./Fax. (056) 333-2778 / (056) 333-4444
E-Mail address: [email protected]

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
MIDTERM EXAM

INSTRUCTION: Write your answers in your answer sheet. Any form of erasures or any alterations are
considered wrong.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Kodak Panalure Select RC is an example of a ______ paper; it was discontinued in 2005.

a. Bromide b. Fiber-based c. Panchromatic black-and-white d. Black-and-white
2. Refers to a process in which the most popular of the non-silver processes because it is relatively simple,
cheap, and easy to do without a darkroom and it is user friendly.
a. Cyanotype b. Variable contrast c. Ilfochrome d. Cibachrome
3. This papers are generally chosen for exhibition, display and archiving purposes.
a. Baryta b. Fiber-based c. Either or b d. Neither a or b
4. Baryta will give the paper a whiter base, brighten the image and bring out the tones, as well as provide a
ground for the emulsion. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
5. A resin-coated inkjet photo paper, also known as a “true photobase.” This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
6. The Cyanotype has two functions: (a) to brighten the image; and (b) to prevent chemicals adsorbed on
the fibers from infiltrating the gelatin layer. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
7. It is an opaque reflective layer of barium sulfate, also known as blanc fixe, or other opaque white pigment
suspended in a gelatin binder, applied to a paper base, and subsequently coated with a light-sensitive
emulsion.
a. Color layer b. Black-and-white layer c. Baryta layer d. All of the these
8. Lens setting number indicating the size of the aperture that allows light into the camera.
a. F-stop b. Aperture c. ISO speed d. Lens speed
9. ISO stands for-
a. Intercom Standard Organization c. Internal Standard Organization
b. International Standing Organization d. International Standard Organization
10. The f/1.8 would set a larger opening than f/5.6, and would, therefore, be a faster lens. This statement
is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
11. A slow lens transmits more light and has a larger opening than a slow lens. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
12. It is device through which the lens aperture of a camera is opened to admit light and thus expose the
film.
a. Lens b. Camera c. Shutter d. Aperture
13. Underexposed photographs lose detail in the shadows while overexposed photographs lose detail in the
highlight areas. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
14. The physical evidence and minute details left on the scene of the crime, like footprints, tire marks and
other traces of things that can be useful in the early solution of the crime are some examples of in-door
forensic photography. This statement is-

a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false

15. The following steps are taken to ensure proper photographic documentation except:
a. Secure and Protect the Crime Scene
b. Photograph the Crime Scene
c. Evaluate Conditions
d. Re-Photograph the Old Physical Evidence
16. This are lasers, blue or green lights and colored filters that help detect latent processed latent
fingerprints or other hidden evidence and illuminate for photographing.
a. ALS b. FLS c. Either a or b d. Neither a or b
17. Macro lenses can take very close-up images, that is, 1:1 or 1:2, of small items such as tool marks or
trace evidence. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
18. The hair, tissue, bones, teeth, blood, semen, or other bodily fluids are some examples of-
a. Trace evidence b. Chemical evidence c. Biological evidence d. Patterned evidence
19. It is any residue from liquids that could have been used to assist with the crime such as poison and
drugs, finally biological evidence is when hair or skin from a person’s body has been transferred to a
physical surface and then be collected and tested.
a. Trace evidence b. Chemical evidence c. Biological evidence d. Patterned evidence
20. It is any evidence such as a small size so as to be overlooked, not easily seen or not easily recognized.
Fibers, hair, soil, wood, gunshot residue and pollen are only a few examples of this type of evidence.
a. Trace evidence b. Chemical evidence c. Biological evidence d. Patterned
21. Repeated methods of entry, for example, by kicking in a back door with the same shoe leaving the
same footwear impressions throughout the crime scene.
a. Corpus delicti c. Locard’s Exchange Principle
b. Modus Operandi d. None of these
22. These are typically created solely by computer-based photoelectric and mechanical techniques,
without wet bath chemical processing.
a. SLR b. DSLR c. Digital photographs d. Digital camera
23. The first digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera was the _____ prototype demonstrated in 1986,
followed by the commercial Nikon QV-1000C released in 1988.
a. Eastman Kodak b. Nikon SVC c. Cromemco Cyclops d. Fuji camera
24. JPEG stands for-
a. Joint Photography Experts Group c. Joint Photographic Experts Group
b. Joint Photographic Expertise Group d. Joint Photographer Experts Group
25. The absolute basics of digital photography, are as follows except:
a. Keep the Batteries Charged.
b. Know the Difference between JPEG and RAW.
c. Avoid to Reset the Camera Settings.
d. Experiment with the Point of View.
26. The rules on evidence, defines writings and recordings to include magnetic, mechanical or
electronic recordings. This also states that if data are stored in a computer or similar device, any
printout or other output readable by sight, shown to reflect the data accurately, is not considered as
“original.” This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
27. A photograph can be stored digitally in a computer, that a digital photograph stored in a computer
is considered an original, and any exact copy of the digital photograph is admissible as evidence. This
statement is
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
28. The negative-positive process is distinguished from the direct-positive process, in which a positive
image is created without the use of an intermediary negative.
a. Talbotype b. Calotype c. Either a or b d. Neither a or b
29. One of the best example of this process was the Polaroid process, Imago direct positive paper.
a. Positive-positive film-to-paper c. Positive-positive
b. Negative-positive d. None of the aforementioned
30. Refers to a dye destruction positive-to-positive photographic process used for the reproduction of film
transparencies on photographic paper.
a. Ilfochrome process b. Cibachrome process c. Either a or b d. Neither a or b
31. The emulsion is normally sensitized to blue and green light, but is insensitive to wavelengths longer
than 600 nm in order to facilitate handling under red or orange safe-lighting.
a. Color paper b. Black and white paper c. Film d. None of the above
32. The emulsion layers are sensitive to red, green, and blue light, respectively producing cyan, magenta
and yellow dye during processing.
a. Color paper b. Black and white paper c. Film d. None of the above
33. It represents a collection of images realized with a modified mechanical camera and digital camera
sensitive to the spectral range about 360 to 1000 nanometer.
a. Specific photography b. Photographer c. General photography d. None of these
34. An expert can discuss to other people about camera equipment, and believe in order, pay attention to
details, and like having control over all aspects of the work. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
35. It was generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16.
a. f/stops b. Aperture c. Either a or b d. Neither a or b
36. 2 X 2 and 1 X 1 pictures are some example of-
a. Aperture b. Photograph c. Aspect ratio d. Sizes
37. This marks the specific location at which the camera is placed to take a shot.
a. Photoshoot b. Area c. Camera angles d. Pre-Nup
38. It means taking multiple shots at different exposure levels and then merging them into one photo in
post-processing.
a. Photoshoot b. Picture taking c. Capture d. None of these
39. The light color is measured on a scale known as color temperature, as well as along a green–magenta
axis orthogonal to the color temperature axis. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
40. In visual perception of the real world, contrast is cannot determine by the difference in the color and
brightness of the object and other objects within the same field of view. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
41. To secure and permanently preserve the crime scene, the first thing to do in the investigation of any
crime is to photographer completely and accurately all aspects of the crime scene before the removal or
alteration of any evidence found in scene of the crime. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
42. All objects or traces of evidence must be photographed in such a manner that the location can be
clearly seen in the over-all photograph. This will enable the viewer of the photograph in gaining clear
ideas of its position with regards to other objects at the crime scene. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
43. It is the basis for the use of physical evidence in a criminal investigation, it is extremely important for
the crime scene to be made secure and restrict the access to the crime scene by nonessential people.
a. Crime scene investigation c. Forensic photography
b. Locard’s Exchange Principle d. Documentation
44. The first responder must also maintain a photo log if any photographic documentation is taken. The
log should contain the date and time of the photograph, the subject matter, and any additional notes.
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
45. The police or law enforcement agencies must control chain of custody of all photography and record
logs at all times. This requirement ensures someone can testify about who had access to any photographs
used to support testimony as evidence.
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
46. A paper with an emulsion composed of silver bromide and silver chloride; used in photography for
fast-speed contact paper, and medium-speed enlarging paper. It is also a relatively fast printing paper
coated with an emulsion of silver chloride and silver bromide.
a. Bromide papers b. Chloride papers c. Chlorobromide papers d. Contrast Control Paper
47. This came into use around 1880 and became the most widely used paper for black and white
photography in the 20th century.
a. Bromide papers b. Chloride papers c. Chlorobromide papers d. Contrast Control Paper
48. Very high contrast negatives can be corrected by printing on a contrast paper; conversely a low
contrast negative can be printed on a low contrast paper. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
49. These papers are coated with a mixture of two or three emulsions, all of equal contrast and sensitivity
to blue light. However, each emulsion is sensitized in different proportions to green light.
a. Bromide papers b. Panchromatic papers c. VC papers d. Non-silver papers
50. Magenta filters absorb green and transmit blue and red, while yellow filters absorb blue and transmit
green and red.
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
51. The area between the nearest and farthest points from the camera that are acceptably sharp in the focused
image.
a. F-stops b. Depth of field c. Cropping d. Lens
52. The quantity of light allowed to act on photographic material; a product of the intensity, that is,
controlled by the lens opening, and the duration, that is, controlled by the shutter speed, of light striking the
film or sensor.
a. Evidence Quality Photos b. Exposure c. Lens absorption d. Filter
53. When using ambient light for crime scene photographs, insure accurate exposures by using an 18 percent
gray card. Position the 18 percent gray card in front of the exposure meter, or in front of the camera lens if
using the camera’s exposure meter, to obtain the correct exposure settings. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
54. When an individual tried to photograph detail in the shadows the brighter areas will be under exposed.
In this type of lighting situation, bracketing exposures should be considered. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
55. A way to reduce the two or more photographs to one photograph is to use –
a. Corrected lens b. Flash fill c. HDR d. Bracketing exposure
56. Correcting lens was one valuable technique for insuring accurate exposures, especially for scenes with
deep shadows that can be raised to the overall brightness of the object. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
57. Pattern makes an image lifelike, so the photo stands out, because the viewer feels that they can reach
in and touch the person or object. It is a three-dimensional representation of objects, usually through the
use of lighting and shadows. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
58. Refers to the visual depiction of variations in the color, shape, and depth of an object’s surface.
a. Space b. Color c. Form d. Texture
59. Subject can be found everywhere and is commonly seen within shapes, colors or textures. The use of
repetition to create an interesting photo, for example, photos of gardens or flowers. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
60. All forensic photography must consider the three elements at a crime scene, such as, the subject, the
scale, and ________.
a. Suspect/s b. Victim/s c. Modus Operandi d. Reference object
61. Refers to an activity that records the initial appearance of the crime scene and physical evidence, in
order to provide a permanent record for the courts.
a. Crime scene photography b. Forensic photography c. Either a or b d. Neither a or b
62. Exposure setting for bright sunlight having the emulsion speed of ISO 100/21˚.
a. f11 b. f8 c. f5.6 d. f16
63. In exposure setting for indoor in normal condition, the proper shutter speed is 1/13 to 1/60 and f/value
is-
a. f1.4 to f2 b. f2 to f4 c. f4 to f8 d. f8 to f11
64. Correct - Accurate; Rendition - _____________
a. Execution b. Vanity c. Distinct d. Exceptional
65. Aperture and shutter settings work together. If f22 is balance with 1/30 then f5.6 is balance to-
a. 1/250 b. 1/125 c. 1/500 d. 1/60
66. Which is not true about relative aperture?
a. By accumulating or decreasing of its number, it is possible to control has the amount of light passing
through the lens.
b. By increasing or subsiding of its number, it is conceivable to control the degree of sharpness due to the
lens defects.
c. By increasing or decreasing of its number, it is impossible to control the depth of field.
d. The principle is the larger the number, the smaller the opening and each number higher lets in half as
much light as one number lower.
67. Film is a paper that is coated with light sensitive chemicals like silver halide, used for photographic
prints. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
68. A light sensitive material is material used in which when exposed to light, it captures a latent image
that is then developed to form a visible image; with most papers the image density from exposure can be
sufficient to not require further development, aside from fixing and clearing, though latent exposure is
also usually present.
a. Film b. Camera c. Photographic paper d. Enlarger
69. The effect of light in darkening a prepared paper was discovered by Thomas Wedgwood (1771-1805)
in –
a. 1902 b. 1802 c. 1920 d. 1820
70. In the USA, there was some reluctance about using of photographic paper. Part of the problem was the
fear that it would contribute to the widespread use of __________.
a. Falsification b. Plagiarism c. Counterfeit money d. Fake document
71. When was the origin of black and white papers wherein silver bromide and silver chloride gelatin
emulsions were applied to baryta‐coated papers for the first time?
a. 18th century b. 19th century c. 20th century d. 17th century
72. What setting of camera lens to be used in a 35mm camera by the photographer in order to be consider
it as the normal lens?
a. 40mm b. 50mm c. 60mm d. 70mm
73. What was the most common cause of distortion in photographs?
a. Improper position of camera.
b. Improper light coming from the subject.
c. Improper lens selection.
d. None of aforementioned
74. What level of view in which a photographer should provide, that is similar to what the photographer
observed at the scene and to insure you have good perspective?
a. Down level b. Up level c. Normal level d. Eye level
75. It is the act of repeat photography of the same site, with a time lag between the two images; a “then
and now” view of a particular area.
a. Back and back photography c. Repeated photography
b. General photography d. Rephotography
76. This are coated on a small range of bases; baryta-coated paper, resin-coated paper or polyester. In the
past, linen has been used as a base material. The emulsion contains light sensitive silver halide crystals
suspended in gelatin.
a. Old black-and-white paper c. Modern black-and-white paper
b. Either a or b d. Neither a or b
77. It was used mainly for contact prints in which the paper was placed directly against the negative with
the emulsion sides together.
a. Bromide papers b. Chloride papers c. Chlorobromide papers d. Contrast Control Paper
78. Cast coated paper is instant wet, but if pigmented inks are used, especially black, may be susceptible to
some smearing. Cast coatings have limited archival properties. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
79. Cast coated receiving layer is the receiving layer choice of most photographers. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
80. The stability of black-and-white photographic images is a significant issue for archival collections. It
is not important because both pictorial images as well as microfilm are included, and microfilming is now
a vital technology for the preservation of physical evidence and minute details. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
81. The types of emulsion are the following except:
a. silver chloride emulsion
b. silver bromide emulsions
c. silver chlorobromide emulsion
d. None of these
82. The first digital camera to both record and save images in a digital format was the ________ created
by Fujfilm in 1988.
a. Sony Mavica b. DCS 100 c. Fujix DS-1P d. SLR
83. It uses cameras containing arrays of electronic photodetectors to produce images focused by a lens, as
opposed to an exposure on photographic film.
a. Forensic photography b. DSLR c. Digital photography d. Digital imaging
84. An important difference between digital and chemical photography is that digital imaging resists
photo manipulation because it involves film and photographic paper, while chemical photography is a
highly manipulative medium. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
85. It is the creation of a representation of the visual characteristics of an object, such as a physical scene
or the interior structure of an object.
a. Digital imaging b. Digital image acquisition c. Either a or b d. Neither a or b
86. It is a camera that captures photographs in digital memory.
a. SLR b. DSLR c. Digital photographs d. Digital camera
87. It is another form of flash technique. This technique is used in photographing a stadium or in night
photography and the subject is a big building or an open field with a little or no other source of
illumination.
a. Multiple Flash b. Fill-in Flash c. Bounce Flash d. Painting with Light
88. Joey F. Marqui was a car enthusiast and also one of the fanatics of Formula 1 Racers. In order to gets
a sharp image of a fast moving subjects, what would be the best exposure setting of your camera?
a.1 to 1/15 b. 1/13 to 1/60 c. 1/125 to 1/250 d. 1/500 to 1/2000
89. The paper that contains silver chloride in their emulsion is called-
a. silver chloride paper
b. silver bromide paper
c. silver chlorobromide paper
d. None of these
90. The contrast ranges are classified into four except:
a. low contrast, c. normal and medium contrast
b. hard contrast d. fast contrast
91. Exposures of sensitized materials means the range of illumination or the light is allowed to affect the
sensitized materials at a given time. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
92. Color negatives consist of grains of metallic silver chemically reduced during the development
process from silver salts struck by light during exposure. Black-and-white negatives consist of three
tonally reversed dye images that are formed along with a silver image during development. This statement
is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
93. Refer to the number indicating degree by which measured exposure should be corrected or changed in
order to give exposure corrected for use with an accessory, that is, extension tube or when certain
working circumstance, that is, close-up focusing, or reciprocity failure need correction.
a. Exposure Value b. Exposure Factors c. Exposure Quality d. None of these
94. It is also used to indicate an interval on the photographic exposure scale, with a difference of 1-EV
corresponding to a standard power-of-2 exposure step, commonly referred to as a stop.
a. Exposure Value b. Exposure Factors c. Exposure Quality d. None of these
95. Refers to the area in a photograph where objects are in sharp focus.
a. Maximum depth of field b. Plane of sharpness c. Either a or b d. Neither a or b
96. There are three factors that affect depth of field except:
a. The focal length of the lens on the camera.
b. The camera-to-subject distance.
c. The lens aperture or f-stop selected.
d. None of the aforementioned
97. The depth of field scale indicates that if f/16 were in use objects from 5 feet to 12 feet would be in
focus. If f/8 was in use, objects from 6 feet to 9 feet would be in sharp focus. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
98. In a homicide scene, if the body is seven feet and the gun 30 feet from the camera, it can be focused at
11 feet and the depth of field scale shows that the plane of sharpness begins at seven feet and ends at 30
feet. Both the body and the gun will be in focus. This statement is-
a. Wholly true b. Partly true c. Wholly false d. Partly false
99. In photography it is often describes as the relationship between the camera’s shutter speed and a
subject.
a. Commitment b. Communication c. Movement d. Unity
100. The roads, sunsets and bridges are some examples of-
a. Pattern b. Shape c. Line d. Form