Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 4 views

    Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Joseph Frengley
    This document contains calculations for determining: 1) The concentration of an initial standard solution and calculating concentrations of diluted standard solutions. Percent errors are provided. 2) The relationship between absorbance and concentration using a calibration curve. 3) Concentration calculations for a secondary standard solution and its diluted solutions. 4) Two relationships between temperature and concentration - a linear fit and an equation using the Arrhenius equation to provide a more accurate relationship. Values for constants in the Arrhenius equation are determined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Joseph Frengley
    4 views6 pages
    This document contains calculations for determining: 1) The concentration of an initial standard solution and calculating concentrations of diluted standard solutions. Percent errors are provided. 2) The relationship between absorbance and concentration using a calibration curve. 3) Concentration calculations for a secondary standard solution and its diluted solutions. 4) Two relationships between temperature and concentration - a linear fit and an equation using the Arrhenius equation to provide a more accurate relationship. Values for constants in the Arrhenius equation are determined.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document contains calculations for determining: 1) The concentration of an initial standard solution and calculating concentrations of diluted standard solutions. Percent errors are provided. 2) The relationship between absorbance and concentration using a calibration curve. 3) Concentration calculations for a secondary standard solution and its diluted solutions. 4) Two relationships between temperature and concentration - a linear fit and an equation using the Arrhenius equation to provide a more accurate relationship. Values for constants in the Arrhenius equation are determined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    4 views6 pages

    Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Joseph Frengley
    This document contains calculations for determining: 1) The concentration of an initial standard solution and calculating concentrations of diluted standard solutions. Percent errors are provided. 2) The relationship between absorbance and concentration using a calibration curve. 3) Concentration calculations for a secondary standard solution and its diluted solutions. 4) Two relationships between temperature and concentration - a linear fit and an equation using the Arrhenius equation to provide a more accurate relationship. Values for constants in the Arrhenius equation are determined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Calculations:

    Initial standard:
    −1
    M (bet )=551.48 gmol
    m(bet )=0.5130.0005 g % ∆ m=0.0975

    m
    n(bet )= % ∆ n=% ∆ m
    M

    0.513
    n(bet )=
    551.48
    n(bet )=0.000930 9 ×10−7 mol % ∆ n=0.0975

    n
    c=
    v
    % ∆ c=% ∆ n+% ∆ v

    v=0.5 0.0002l % ∆ v =0.04


    0.000930
    c= % ∆ c=0.0975+ 0.04
    0.5
    c=0.001863 × 10−6 mol l−1 % ∆ c=0.138

    diluted standards:

    vi
    c f =c i % ∆ c f =% ∆ ci + % ∆ v i+ % ∆ v f
    vf

    0.002
    c f (1)=0.00186 % ∆ c f =0.138+2.5+0.04
    0.1
    c f (1)=0.0000372± 1× 10−6 mol l−1 % ∆ c f =2.68

    0.004
    c f (2)=0.00186 % ∆ c f =0.138+1.25+0.04
    0.1
    c f (2)=0.0000744 ±1 ×10−6 mol l −1 % ∆ c f =1.428

    0.006
    c f (3)=0.00186 % ∆ c f =0.138+0.833+0.04
    0.1
    c f (3)=0.000112± 1× 10−6 mol l−1 % ∆ c f =1.01
    0.008
    c f (4 )=0.00186 % ∆ c f =0.138+0.625+0.04
    0.1
    c f (4 )=0.000149 ±1 ×10−6 mol l−1 % ∆ c f =0.803

    0.01
    c f (5)=0.00186 % ∆ c f =0.138+0.5+ 0.04
    0.1
    −6 −1
    c f (5)=0.000186 ±1 ×10 mol l % ∆ c f =0.678
    calculation of absorbance, concentration relationship.

    Io
    log 10 =l c
    I
    Io
    log 10 = Absorbance=|¿|
    I

    using gradient of absorbance, concentration graph as ( l).


    Additionally, adding the y intercept.

    |¿|1257 c−0.01071
    secondary standard:

    m=0.983 0.0005 g % ∆ m=0.0699

    m
    n= % ∆ n=% ∆ m
    M

    0.983
    n=
    551.48
    −6
    n=0.00178 ±1 ×10 mol % ∆ n=0.0699

    n
    c= % ∆ c=% ∆ n+% ∆ v
    v

    v=0.5 ± 0.0002l % ∆ v =0.04


    0.00178
    c= % ∆ c=0.0699+ 0.04
    0.5
    −6
    c=0.00357 ±2.99 ×10 mol l
    −1
    % ∆ c=0.1099

    diluted secondary standard:

    vi
    c f =c i % ∆ c f =% ∆ ci + % ∆ v i+ % ∆ v f
    vf

    0.03
    c=0.00357 % ∆ c f =0.1099+0.1+0.04
    0.5
    −7
    c=0.000214 ± 4 ×10 mol l
    −1
    % ∆ c f =0.2199
    Temperature vs concentration relationship:

    Linear fit:

    Each absorbance value is converted to a concentration using the


    established relationship:

    |¿|1257 c−0.01071

    this give us the equation:

    c=( −8.96 ×10−7 ) T +0.000247

    considering the line of worst fit, we get the relationship:

    ∆ m=(−8.96 ×10 +6.81× 10 ) =2.15× 10


    −7 −7 −7

    −5
    ∆ ICPT =( 0.000247−0.000230 )=1.70 ×10

    c=( −8.96 ×10 ± 2.15 ×10 ) T +0.000247 ±1.70 × 10


    −7 −7 −5
    Temperature vs concentration relationship revisited:

    Arrhenius equation.
    −E a

    k = A e RT

    where A is the Arrhenius constant, e is the mathematical value 2.72,


    Ea is the activation energy of the reaction, R is the gas constant 8.314
    JKmol-1 and T is the temperature in °C.

    By combining the Arrhenius equation for the rate constant, k with the
    1st order kinetics equation we get a very accurate relationship

    ( )
    −Ea

    − A e RT t
    [ c ] =[c ]o e
    substituting values, we get…
    −226.3
    T
    −3.74 e
    c=0.0002168 e

    from this we can calculate further values

    [c ]o=0.0002168

    − At=−3.74
    t=3 ×60=180 s
    A=0.0208

    −Ea
    =−2263
    R
    −1
    R=8.314 JK mol
    −1
    Ea =18814 J mol

    You might also like