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    Graph Transformations - Revision - MME

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    The document discusses four main types of graph transformations: 1) Translations by adding/subtracting k from the x-coordinates (y=f(x+k)) 2) Vertical shifts by adding/subtracting k to the y-coordinates (y=f(x)+k) 3) Vertical stretches/squashes by multiplying the y-coordinates by a factor a (y=af(x)) 4) Horizontal stretches/squashes by multiplying the x-coordinates by a factor a (y=f(ax)) It provides examples of each type of transformation and notes they can be combined.

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    Graph Transformations - Revision - MME

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    116 views16 pages
    The document discusses four main types of graph transformations: 1) Translations by adding/subtracting k from the x-coordinates (y=f(x+k)) 2) Vertical shifts by adding/subtracting k to the y-coordinates (y=f(x)+k) 3) Vertical stretches/squashes by multiplying the y-coordinates by a factor a (y=af(x)) 4) Horizontal stretches/squashes by multiplying the x-coordinates by a factor a (y=f(ax)) It provides examples of each type of transformation and notes they can be combined.

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    Graph Transformations | Revision | MME

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    The document discusses four main types of graph transformations: 1) Translations by adding/subtracting k from the x-coordinates (y=f(x+k)) 2) Vertical shifts by adding/subtracting k to the y-coordinates (y=f(x)+k) 3) Vertical stretches/squashes by multiplying the y-coordinates by a factor a (y=af(x)) 4) Horizontal stretches/squashes by multiplying the x-coordinates by a factor a (y=f(ax)) It provides examples of each type of transformation and notes they can be combined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    116 views16 pages

    Graph Transformations - Revision - MME

    Uploaded by

    keys
    The document discusses four main types of graph transformations: 1) Translations by adding/subtracting k from the x-coordinates (y=f(x+k)) 2) Vertical shifts by adding/subtracting k to the y-coordinates (y=f(x)+k) 3) Vertical stretches/squashes by multiplying the y-coordinates by a factor a (y=af(x)) 4) Horizontal stretches/squashes by multiplying the x-coordinates by a factor a (y=f(ax)) It provides examples of each type of transformation and notes they can be combined.

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    of 16

    Graph Transformations

    A Level AQA Edexcel OCR

    Graph Transformations
    You should have seen some graph transformations before, such as
    translations and reflections – recall that reflections in the x-axis flip
    f (x) vertically and reflections in the y -axis flip f (x) horizontally. Here,
    we will also look at stretches.

    There are 4 main types of graph transformation that we will cover. Each
    transformation has the same effect on all functions.

    Make sure you are happy with the following topics before continuing.

    The Modulus Function


    Function Graphs
    :
    A Level

    Type 1: y = f (x + k)
     

    For the transformation y = f (x + k),


    for k > 0:

    f (x + k) is f (x) moved k to the


    left
    f (x − k) is f (x) moved k to the
    right

    In this example, we have f (x) = x2 −


    4 and y = f (x + 2)

    So, subtract 2 from the x-coordinates of


    f (x) to get y = f (x + 2)
    :
    A Level

    Type 2: y = f (x) + k
     

    For the transformation y = f (x) + k ,


    for k > 0:

    f (x) + k is f (x) moved k


    upwards
    f (x) − k is f (x) moved k
    downwards

    In this example, we have f (x) = x2 −


    4 and y = f (x) + 3

    So, add 3 to the y -coordinates of f (x)


    to get y = f (x) + 3

    A Level

    Type 3: y = af (x)
    :
     

    For the transformation y = af (x):


    If ∣a∣ > 1 then af (x) is f (x)
    stretched vertically by a factor of a
    If 0 < ∣a∣ < 1 then f (x) is
    squashed vertically
    If a< 0 then is f (x) also
    reflected in the x-axis

    In this example, we have f (x) = x2 −


    4 and y = 2f (x)
    This is a stretch vertically, so multiply the
    y -coordinates of f (x) by 2 to get y =
    2f (x)

    A Level

    Type 4: y = f (ax)
    :
     

    For the transformation y = f (ax):

    If ∣a∣ > 1 then f (ax) is f (x)


    squashed horizontally by a factor
    of a
    If 0 < ∣a∣ < 1 then f (x) is
    stretched horizontally
    If a< 0 then is f (x) also
    reflected in the y -axis

    In this example, we have f (x) = x2 −


    4 and y = f (2x)

    This is a squash horizontally, so divide


    the x-coordinates of f (x) by 2 (or
    1
    multiply by ) to get y = f (2x)
    2

    A Level

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    Note:
    For these transformations, any asymptotes need to be moved
    correspondingly.
    1
    A squash by a factor of a is equivalent to a stretch by a factor of
    a
    :
    When drawing graph transformation, only a sketch including
    important points is necessary.

    Combinations of Transformations
    For combinations of transformations, it
    is easy to break them up and do them
    one step at a time (do the bit in the
    brackets first). You can sketch the graph
    at each step to help you visualise the
    whole transformation.

    e.g. for f (x) = x2 − 4 and y =


    2f (x + 2), draw the graph of
    y = f (x + 2) first, and then use this
    graph to draw the graph of
    y = 2f (x + 2)

    Note: These transformations can also be


    combined with modulus functions.

    A Level

    Example Questions
    :
    Question 1: The function f (x) is shown on the graph below.

    Sketch the graph of y = f (4x)

    [2 marks]

    A Level
    :
    Question 2: The function f (x) is shown on the graph below.

    1
    Sketch the graph of y = − f (x)
    2
    [3 marks]

    A Level

    Question 3: The function f (x) is shown on the graph below.

     
    :
    :
     

    Sketch the graph of y =  3f (x) − 1

    [3 marks]

    A Level

    Related Topics

    The Modulus Function


    A Level

    Function Graphs
    A Level

    Additional Resources

    Exam Tips Cheat Sheet


    A Level
    :
    Formula Booklet
    A Level

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