t 3

Matrix Algebra
 Yoga
r

A z

Column I Column 2

A has 2 rows and 3 columns

A is 2×3 matrix

mxnn
matrix
y )
# Of rows # of columns

We need an
"

address
"
for each element

element in i and column j of matrix A

aij a
row

Capital letters for addressing the matrix .

Small letter for

addressing element .

C
Azz =

Azz z f
 ⑨
Write the 3×3 matrix given by

air
.

f if: 3

I :o)
a-

:i
.

O O

① Addition
ifaand B are both same size Ln
Am )
, you can

add them .

it
lad lei init
Atalante
"
!
im
'

)
A
be
-
-

ij element of At B =
aij t
bij

② Scalarmultiplication
Let k be a number

Liebe Haa
:&
III )
" '
's )
-
-
③
Matrixmultiplicationa.ca
:L
:
: :L
"

. .

ta
:
1k¥
n.rs -

( abc ) ) I abc ) (I ) wears

.

a a T
aptbqtrcr
)
aitbjtck altbmtcn
(
a

ditejtfk dltemtfn dpteqtfr

deff deff
defy ) (
( th) µ!)
C
(

if A and then A Beast

is mxn
Bisping , only
if n=p
if then AB size
n=q ,
is
mxq
⑨
at:;;) l ::)
"

. .
2×3

A B DNE Does Not Exist

mix HEH :3 lies

:II
-

=
.
-

2×3

⑨
a
I ba
g ) a-
to
91
find AB ,
BA

AB
fac )
bae
BA
Lac
bd )
-

.
.

So AB a BA -

- A
true for 2oz matrix A
any
.

B doesn't
change
A .

It
7) } Iaxzlort )
'

f⇒¥n4¥F2maen ,
'

%)
( too
I

To
-

3×3

④
At::] L : ol
B -
.
'

: )
BA
I g)
'
Ars
L :
- .

AB BA
In
general *
Ffadorina -

④TA
⑦
AB TAC = C Btc ) ( A must be on left )
( Bt must be
BA t CA on
right )
a

AB t CA not f adorable

AB t A = AB t AI = ACB TI )
A ( B t

of possible
-

.all ;) tainted
la
. -

if we have the
following system :

ant by = e

cat dy a f

Iiball :I=H
 my:ball';d €71
Tithed
⇐

1st col of AB
Ibesdg ) )
Lage t
I )
-
. -

bdsg

tslbd)
-
e

Col I of A 9 £01
2nd of A

e Col I t Col 2
g
a .

-
linear combination of columns of A

balled
K
-

Kitbag)
-
-

at gym )
a
1st column of AB

[
Ig t) Laetbg
a b ) a
at tbh ]

=
1st row of AB

a (1st row of A ] .
B
transpose

( Ibd )
Let A -

zor

KI )z×
Y
; )
a
fan
-
.

'

za ,
,

AX ← 2×1 L vector )
Can we find matrix B such that
A A. y = X. BY ?

ans

( ed
ab )
Be

switch rows
of A to columns

B is the TRANSPOSE of A

±A
#
B
 C
fad
E)
be
-

2×3

:L
la
"

:D .

B = AT

bij a
Aji

Facts

① )T=
( AT A

② K
( ATT = KCAJT

BT
T

③ ( At B) = Att

HABIT AT
'

④ a B
 such that
,
Find all 2×2 matrices A s .
t

At = A

Let
b

d)
A

at
tail
-

Want

( Ebd ) I ca; ]
-

Dec

All 2×2 matrices :

I ::3
a. c. d can be real numbers
any

symmetric
'
If A A we A is
say
-

- .
 1.7 symmetric

A is nxn

"

Is At A
symmetric ? English

Is #
LATA
'
=
A TAT ? math

Take LHS

"

)TAT
LA + = AT + LAT ) (properties of
transpose )

a AT t
A
-

this the
is
given matrix

Trace oh a matrix
-

Lett A be nxn

Trace of Az
an tazz tazz t -
- - -
tann

notation
-

tr CA )

④ A =
a b c

g
h
Tg
diagonal
tr CAI - ate ti
④ find
tr ( Inxn )

eltltLtl
n times

n
=

④
By::)
Ic.:3
A is 2×2 and BA -
I - CA

find A ?

BA - CA a I

C) A I
(B - a

( }I ]
A - I

one solution

( Ibd )
Take Az

find a ,b , c. d
another solution

I ]
I
lo
?
2 A a

this is A

2A a I

A =
I I

I %)
A-
!
-
.