The document provides instructions for a lab assignment to assemble a computer from scratch for students in the Mechatronics Department at the University of Sana'a. The objective is to assemble a computer using the appropriate hardware components. The document outlines the key components needed, including the random-access memory (RAM), storage drives, cooling systems, adapter cards, input/output devices, and interfaces to connect the components. It provides details on different RAM and storage drive types and factors to consider when choosing parts. Students are assigned a research task on graphics cards for the next lab.
The document provides instructions for a lab assignment to assemble a computer from scratch for students in the Mechatronics Department at the University of Sana'a. The objective is to assemble a computer using the appropriate hardware components. The document outlines the key components needed, including the random-access memory (RAM), storage drives, cooling systems, adapter cards, input/output devices, and interfaces to connect the components. It provides details on different RAM and storage drive types and factors to consider when choosing parts. Students are assigned a research task on graphics cards for the next lab.
The document provides instructions for a lab assignment to assemble a computer from scratch for students in the Mechatronics Department at the University of Sana'a. The objective is to assemble a computer using the appropriate hardware components. The document outlines the key components needed, including the random-access memory (RAM), storage drives, cooling systems, adapter cards, input/output devices, and interfaces to connect the components. It provides details on different RAM and storage drive types and factors to consider when choosing parts. Students are assigned a research task on graphics cards for the next lab.
The document provides instructions for a lab assignment to assemble a computer from scratch for students in the Mechatronics Department at the University of Sana'a. The objective is to assemble a computer using the appropriate hardware components. The document outlines the key components needed, including the random-access memory (RAM), storage drives, cooling systems, adapter cards, input/output devices, and interfaces to connect the components. It provides details on different RAM and storage drive types and factors to consider when choosing parts. Students are assigned a research task on graphics cards for the next lab.
Lab2: hardware-2 Eng Mohammed Daba Hardware-2 • Hardware Basics • Choosing the Parts • Assemble a Computer
Objective: Assemble a computer from scratch
Random-access memory (RAM) Random-access memory (RAM) is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when the computer is powered off. The more RAM in a computer, the more capacity the computer has to hold and process large programs and files, as well as enhance system performance Random-access memory (RAM) The different types of RAM are Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is a memory chip that is used as main memory. DRAM must be constantly refreshed with pulses of electricity to maintain the data stored in the chip. Static RAM (SRAM) is a memory chip that is used as cache memory. SRAM is much faster than DRAM and does not have to be refreshed as often. Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) is DRAM that operates in synchronization with the memory bus. The memory bus is the data path between the CPU and the main memory. Random-access memory (RAM) The different types of RAM are Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM is memory that transfers data twice as fast as SDRAM. DDR SDRAM increases performance by transferring data twice per cycle. Double Data Rate 2 (DDR2) SDRAM is faster than DDR-SDRAM memory. DDR2 SDRAM improves performance over DDR SDRAM by decreasing noise and crosstalk between the signal wires. Double Data Rate 3 (DDR3) SDRAM Double Data Rate 4 (DDR4) SDRAM Random-access memory (RAM) Memory Modules Early computers had RAM installed on the motherboard as individual chips. These individual memory chips, called dual inline package (DIP) chips, were difficult to install and often became loose on the motherboard. Single In-line Pin Package (SIPP) Single In-line Memory Module (SIMM) Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM) Random-access memory (RAM) Common types of DIMMs include the following: Dual In-line Memory Module (DIMM) Small outline dual in-line memory module (SO-DIMM) MicroDIMM
CAS latency Column Access Strobe (CAS) latency, or CL, is the delay time between the READ command and the moment data is available. In asynchronous DRAM, the interval is specified in nanoseconds (absolute time). In synchronous DRAM, the interval is specified in clock cycles. Random-access memory (RAM) How to Pick the Right RAM for Your PC: Which Type and speed? You need to check your motherboard/CPU to see which generation of RAM it supports: DDR3 and DDR4 are the two existing standards right now, and RAM is not backwards compatible. The number of slots for RAM on the motherboard and their individual maximum capacity determines how much RAM you can have in total. How Much memory? For basic modern computing, I suggest at least 8GB, which you can generally get in a 4GBx2 stick setup for under $100. Gamers, media creators, and virtual machine users will want more—the next efficient step up is to 16GB. If you’re building a massive system that will do multitasking all day long and handle gigantic games at 4K visual quality, you want every last bit of RAM you can possibly cram into your case (which is usually 32GB or 64GB on today’s high-end motherboards.) Storage Drives A storage drive reads or writes information to magnetic or optical storage media. It can be used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a media disk. Some common types of storage drives: ■ Floppy drive ■ Local drive ■ Optical drive ■ Flash drive ■ Network drive Storage Drives – Local Drive A Local drive is a storage device that is installed inside the computer. The local drive is used as permanent storage for data. Types of Local drive are hard drive (HDD) or solid state drive (SSD), the part of the computer that holds the operating system and all your digital files. SSDs are much faster than hard drives, and are highly recommended these days, though HDDs are generally larger and cheaper. Storage Drives – Local Drive The storage capacity of a hard drive is measured in gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB). The speed of a hard drive is measured in revolutions per minute (rpm), the most popular drives for desktops and laptops are between 5400 and 7200 RPM, 5400 RPM drives offer an average of 100 MB/s read and writes speeds while 7200 RPM drives deliver an average of 120 MB/s read and writes speeds. Disk buffer (often called disk cache or cache buffer) is the embedded memory in a drive acting as a buffer between the rest of the computer and the physical hard disk platter that is used for storage. Modern HDD come with 8 to 256 MB of such memory, and SSD come with up to 4 GB of cache memory. Form factor Interface Storage Drives – Local Drive How to Pick the Right Local Drive for Your PC: HDD or SSD: I’d recommend a smaller SSD just for your operating system and programs, and using a secondary and cheaper hard drive for all your large personal files. Interfaces and form factor: compatible with the motherboard and the case, choose the SATA interface and the default form factor for the normal requirement and choose the other interfaces for advance requirement in gaming or servers, etc. Storage Drives – Optical Drive An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. Main types of optical drives/media include: - Compact disc (CD) drives/media - Digital versatile disc (DVD) drives/media - Blu-ray (BD) drives/media Speed Types of Drive Interfaces Drives are manufactured with different interfaces that are used to connect the drive to the motherboard. Common drive interfaces are: ■ Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), also called Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA), is an early drive controller interface that connects computers and hard- diskdrives. An IDE interface uses a 40-pin connector. ■ Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE), also called ATA-2, is an updated version of the IDE drive controller interface. EIDE supports hard drives larger than 512 MB, enables Direct Memory Access (DMA) for speed, and uses the AT Attachment Packet Interface (ATAPI) to accommodate optical drives and tape drives on the EIDE bus. An EIDE interface uses a 40-pin connector. ■ Parallel ATA (PATA) refers to the parallel version of the ATA drive controller interface. ■ Serial ATA (SATA) refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface. A SATA interface uses a seven-pin connector. ■ Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is a drive controller interface that can connect up to 15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and external drives. A SCSI interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector. Cooling Systems Electronic components generate heat. Heat is caused by the flow of current within the components. Computer components perform better when kept cool. Increasing the air flow in the computer case allows more heat to be removed. A case fan is installed in the computer case to make the cooling process more efficient. A heat sink draws heat away from the core of the CPU. A fan on top of the heat sink moves the heat away from the CPU. Other components are also susceptible to heat damage and sometimes are equipped with fans. Water-cooling system. Adapter Cards Adapter cards increase a computer’s functionality and customize the computer’s capability by adding controllers for specific devices. Some adapter cards: - NIC connects a computer to a network using a network cable. - Wireless NIC connects a computer to a network using radio frequencies. - Sound Card provides audio capability. - Video Card provides graphic capability. - Modem adapter connects a computer to the Internet using a phone line. Graphics Adapter A video card is an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display device (such as a computer monitor). A video card is categorized as discrete or dedicated graphics cards. At the core of both is the graphics processing unit (GPU), which is the main part that does the actual computations, but should not be confused with the video card as a whole, although "GPU" is often used to refer to video cards. Major manufacturers are Nvidia and AMD Self-study Input Devices An input device is used to enter data or instructions into a computer. Here are some examples of input devices: ■ Mouse ■ keyboard ■ Digital camera and digital video camera ■ Touch screen ■ Scanner
The mouse and keyboard are the two most commonly
used input devices. Output Devices An output device is used to present information to the user from a computer. Here are some examples of output devices: ■ Monitors ■ projectors ■ Printers, scanners, and fax machines ■ Speakers and headphones Monitors and Speakers are primary output devices for a computer. Required for the next lab
Research about Graphics Cards and the main factors and
characteristics to be considered in chosen the right graphics cards - 3 pages maximum. - copy-paste assignment. Files with the Lab
Further Info: - DDR SDRAM - Wikipedia.pdf - Difference Between DDR1 DDR2 DDR3 DDR4 Detail Information.pdf - SOLIDWORKS _ Hardware & System Requirements _ SOLIDWORKS.pdf - Grand Theft Auto V PC System Requirements - Rockstar Games Customer Support.pdf - List of disk drive form factors - Wikipedia.pdf - Understanding SSD form factors _ ATP Electronics.pdf - SATA Vs PCI-E Vs M.2 2242 Vs M.2 2280_ The Best SSD Interface_.pdf - Optical disc drive - Wikipedia.pdf Next lab
Quiz to test your understanding for this lab
Next lab Subjects:
Hardware-3 References
Google IT Support Professional Certificate Courses in Coursera
