MATH REVIEWER

SETS: Sets in mathematics, are simply a collection of distinct objects forming a group.
I. Set symbols and terms to remember
A. Empty set {Ø}: Finite set that is defined and equal to zero.
B. Intersection of set Ⴖ: Contains only the same elements from the set.
C. Ellipsis … :Indicate that the sets has infinite elements.
D. Bracces { } : Symbol used to group the element of a set.
E. Subset C : A set of which all element are contained in another set.
F. Universal set: Contains all element of other sets
G. Cardinal number of sets: The number contains in elements
H. Disjoint set: A pair of sets which don’t have common element
I. Union of set U : Combination of sets
J. Venn Diagram: Tools that helps you see the similarities and difference between 2
sets.
K. A Prime A’ : The set of element which the set don’t have compare to the other
set.

INTEGERS: An integer is a whole number (not a fractional number) that can be positive,
negative, or zero.
I. Operation in Integers
A. Addition Rules:
 B. Subtraction Rules:

C. Multiplication/Division Rules:

PROPERTY: The properties of math are the rules governing the relationship and interaction of
numbers with each other. There are four basic properties: commutative, associative,
distributive, and identity.
I. Commutative Property: The commutative property states that the numbers on
which we perform the operation can be moved or swapped from their position
without making any difference to the answer. This property holds true for addition
and multiplication, but not for subtraction and division.
Example: 3 + 5 = 5 + 3 = 8
 II. Associative Property: The associative property gets its name from the word
“Associate” and it refers to the grouping of numbers. This property states that when
three or more numbers are added (or multiplied), the sum (or product) is the same
regardless of the grouping of the addends (or multiplicands).
Example: (3 + 4) + 5 = (4 + 5) + 3

III. Identity Property:

A. An additive identity is a number, which when added to any number, gives the
sum as the number itself. This means, the additive identity is “0” as adding 0 to
any number, gives the sum as the number itself.
Example: 5 + 0 = 5
B. A multiplicative identity is a number, which when multiplied by any number,
gives the product as the number itself. This means, the multiplicative identity is
“1” as multiplying any number by 1, gives the product as the number itself.
Example: 5 x 1 = 5

IV. Distributive property: helps us to simplify the multiplication of a number by a sum

or difference. As the name suggests, it distributes the expression.
Example: a x (b + c)

V. Inverse Property:
A. Inverse property of addition: All you have to do is change the sign from
positive to negative or negative to positive.
Example: 5 + (-5) = 0
B. Inverse property of multiplication: Any number multiplied by its reciprocal is
equal to one.
Example: 2 . 3 = 6 = 1
3 2 6

CONVERSION
I. Fraction to Decimal
Convert ¼ kg = decimal number
0.25 Divide the numerator (top number) to denominator (bottom number)
4/ 1.0
- 8
20
-20
X
 II. Decimal to Fraction
Convert 0.25 to fraction
0.25 = 0.25
1

0.25 x 100 = 25 (Identify the place value of the given, the perform the operation)
1 100 100

25 ÷ 25 = 1 (Always simply the answer)

100 25 4

OPERATION IN FRACTION
I. Addition/Subtraction in Fraction: In adding or subtracting same denominator, you
only need to perform the operation on the numerator and copy the denominator.
Example: 1 + 3 = 1+3 = 4 = 1
8 8 8 8 2
In adding or subtracting different denominator, you need to find the smallest
common multiple of the 2 denominators.
Example: 2 + 1 = 2 x 3 + 1 x 5 = 6 + 5 = 6 + 5 = 11
5 3 5 x 3 3 x 5 15 15 15 15

II. Multiplication in Fraction: The multiplication rule does not impose constraints to
the denominator values. This means they do not need to be common.
Example: 2 x 1 = 2 x 1 = 2
5 3 5 x 3 15

III. Division in Fraction: When dividing fraction reverse the denominator and numerator
on the second given value then change the operation to multiplication to get the
answer.
Example: 2 ÷ 1
5 3
2 x 3 = 2 x 3 = 5 = 1 (Always remember that fraction with same
5 1 5x1 5 numerator and denominator are equals to one)

Reminder: A whole number can always be written as a fraction if an operation is to be done

between the number and a fraction. Also, avoid working with mixed numbers. Transform them
into simple fractions first.