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    Lecture - 2 (GST 100) PDF

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    Paschal Erukayife
    This document provides an overview of computer hardware components and classifications of computers. It discusses the major components including input devices like keyboards and mice, processing devices like the CPU and motherboard, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like hard drives. It also classifies computers according to size as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Computers are further classified by type as analog, digital, and hybrid, and by purpose as special purpose and general purpose computers.

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    Lecture - 2 (GST 100) PDF

    Uploaded by

    Paschal Erukayife
    139 views35 pages
    This document provides an overview of computer hardware components and classifications of computers. It discusses the major components including input devices like keyboards and mice, processing devices like the CPU and motherboard, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like hard drives. It also classifies computers according to size as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Computers are further classified by type as analog, digital, and hybrid, and by purpose as special purpose and general purpose computers.

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    This document provides an overview of computer hardware components and classifications of computers. It discusses the major components including input devices like keyboards and mice, processing devices like the CPU and motherboard, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like hard drives. It also classifies computers according to size as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Computers are further classified by type as analog, digital, and hybrid, and by purpose as special purpose and general purpose computers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    139 views35 pages

    Lecture - 2 (GST 100) PDF

    Uploaded by

    Paschal Erukayife
    This document provides an overview of computer hardware components and classifications of computers. It discusses the major components including input devices like keyboards and mice, processing devices like the CPU and motherboard, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like hard drives. It also classifies computers according to size as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Computers are further classified by type as analog, digital, and hybrid, and by purpose as special purpose and general purpose computers.

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    GST 100

    INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
    APPLICATION

    1
    Outline
    Classification of Computer according to Size, Type, Purpose

    Computer Hardware

    Functional components

    Examples of Functional component


    Super Computer
    Supercomputers are the largest, Fastest and Expensive Computer
    System in the world.
    Supercomputer has internally large storage capacity and
    computing speed (can occupy huge premises) designed to process
    vast amounts of data in a short time with high productivity.
    These are specially made to perform multi-specific tasks.
    Applications:
    Supercomputers are used –
    •In research and study of energy and nuclear weapons and
    designing the aircraft, airplanes, and flight simulators.
    •Climate research and Weather Forecasting and Prediction of
    Natural Disasters.
    •Spaceship and Satellite Launching.
    •Used in scientific research laboratories.
    •Used in Chemical and Biological research and for highly
    calculation complex tasks.
    What is Mainframe Computer
    A mainframe computer is a multi programming
    high performance computer with a large storage
    capacity and very high data processing speed
    compared to the Micro or Mini Computer.
    They Support a large numbers of terminals for
    used by a verity of users.
    They are used in several organizations such as
    Bank, Insurance Company, Hospital and
    Railway etc.
    Examples of Mainframe Computers:
    •ENIAC (Electric Numerical Integrator and
    Calculator)
    •ASCC (Automatic Sequence Control
    MINICOMPUTER
    Minicomputer is a digital and multi-user computer system
    with the connection of more than one CPU. Thus, many
    people can work on these computers simultaneously instead
    of a single person. Also, it can process with other accessories
    like a printer, plotter, etc. Mini Computer is less efficient and
    store less data then the Main Frame Computer.
    Examples of Mini Computers.
    •Tablet PC
    •Desktop minicomputers
    •Notebooks
    These all are examples of minicomputers.
    The Main Characteristic of Mini Computers are it:-
    •Has a limited range of peripherals device.
    •Can be directly operated by the users.
    Microcomputer
    Micro Computer is a smaller computer usually design for use
    by one person at a time.
    Examples of Microcomputer.
    •Desktop Computer
    •Laptop
    •Smartphone
    •Notebook
    •Tablet
    The common Characteristics of Micro Computers are:-
    •Cheap an easy to use.
    •Have a limit input and output device.
    •Have a low storage capacity.
    •Limited range of software can be use.
    Applications:
    PC is being widely used in many fields like home, office, data
    collection, business, education, entertainment, publishing,
    etc.
    Classification of Computer by Type
    Classification of computer according to type is given below:
    1.Analog Computer
    2.Digital Computer
    3.Hybrid Computer
    Analog Computer
    An analogy computer performs tasks using continuous data (the
    physical amount that changes continuously). Analog computers are
    used primarily to measure physical units like the voltage, pressure,
    electric current, temperature, and convert them into digits.
    Examples of Analog Computer is given below.
    •Castle Clock
    •Slide Rule
    Digital Computer
    A digital computer represents numerical values, or any
    other special symbols. This computer is the computer that
    calculates the number for processing data. They run on
    electronic signs, and the binary numeral method Binary
    System 0 or 1 is used for calculation. Their speed is fast.
    Examples of Digital Computers
    Personal Desktop Computers,
    Calculators,
    Laptops,
    Smartphones
    Hybrid Computer
    A hybrid computer is a combined complex computer unit built using
    both analog and digital properties and united by a single control system.
    Hybrid computers are extremely fast when driving equations, even when those
    calculations are incredibly complex
    The purpose of designing hybrid computers
    -is to provide functions and features that can be found on both analog and
    digital devices.
    -is to create a kind of work unit that offers the best of both types of computers.
    Applications of hybrid Computer:
    Hybrid computers are most commonly used in vast industries, research centres,
    organizations, and manufacturing firms (where many equations need to be
    solved).
    Examples:
    Smart watch is an example of Hybrid Computer.
    Classification of Computer According to Purpose
    Classification of computers by purpose is given below.
    1.Special Purpose computer
    2.General Purpose computer
    Special Purpose computer
    These computers are designed to perform a particular or specialized task. The size, storage capacity,
    and cost of such computers mainly depend on the nature and size of the work.
    Types of Special Purpose computer is given below.
    • Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)
    • Washing machines
    • Surveillance equipment
    General Purpose computer
    These are computers that can do various everyday tasks such as writing a word processing
    letter, Document preparation, recording, financial analysis, Printing documents, creating
    databases, and calculations with accuracy and consistency.
    Example
    Desktops, laptops, smartphones and tablets
    .
    What is a Computer Hardware?
    A Computer Hardware is :

    • the computer’s component you can see and touch.


    Hardware Components
    The components include:

    • Input devices

    • Processing circuitry

    • Output devices

    • Storage devices

    • Communication Devices
    INPUT DEVICES
    An Input device allow users to enter data into the computer. An
    input device also allow a user to interact with the computer. An
    Input device accepts data through the following means:

    • Keyboard– used to input characters into the computer.

    • Mouse – Allow a user to move the on–screen pointer. It


    basically sends data to the computer in reference to how the
    cursor should behave.

    • Speech-recognition– A program that enables the computer to


    transcribe spoken words into text.
    CONTD OF INPUT DEVICES
    • Command– A type of input that tells the program what todo.

    • Confirmation– A message that indicates if the command was or


    was not carried out.

    • Touchpad – A pressure-sensitive and motion sensitive device


    used in place of a mouse.

    6
    EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES

    Keyboard Mouse
    Laptop

    Digital
    Scanner Camera
    Microphone
    Processing Devices
    A processing devices sets of component found in the computer that
    processes and manipulates data into information. Examples of
    processing devices include

    • Central processing unit (CPU)

    • ChipSet

    • Motherboard.

    • Expansion slots
    CONTD OF PROCESSING DEVICES
    • Data bus
    • Expansion Slots
    • Network cards
    • Address bus
    • Random-access memory
    • Expansion card
    • Clock
    9
    How do A processing device function?
    Computers are provided with data, which is entered through input
    devices such as a keyboard or mouse. The computer then
    processes the coded data into information and then display result
    on monitors (softcopy) and printer (Hardcopy).
    EXAMPLES OF PROCESSING DEVICES
    The System unit is the case that houses major
    components of the computer that performs
    operation and produce Results.

    System Unit
    INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT
    THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU)
    It is also called a microprocessor. It
    is also known as the brain of the
    computer it retrieves and executes
    instruction given to computer. A
    computer can’t perform any

    operation without a CPU.


    THE MOTHER BOARD
    The computer’s main circuit board
    is the motherboard. It allocates
    power and enables connectivity to
    and from the CPU, RAM, and all
    other hardware components of the
    computer,
    CHIPSET
    Chipset are group of integrated
    circuits that work together,
    operate and manage the flow
    of data through out entire
    computer system.
    RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
    The RAM (Random Access Memory)
    is a temporary unit that stores data in
    the computer system for a short period
    of time. It retains temporarily when the
    data is processed.

    Read Only Memory (ROM


    The ROM holds data permanently storage of programs
    it also holds the computer boot directions.
    Databus
    The mother board also houses the Databus. The Databus is a
    collection of wires used by the CPU to transfer data between
    components in a computer.
    Network Cards
    A network interface card is a device that is installed in your
    computer to link the user to the network.
    Clock
    Inside the computer, the clock is used to synchronize all computer
    calculations. It ensures all the circuits within the computer operate
    simultaneously.
    Output Devices
    Output Devices are used to show or display Result

    • Monitors– Displays the processing results on a screen.

    • Cathode ray tube– Monitor similar to televisions.

    • Flat-panel displays (LCD)– Monitor that uses liquid crystal

    diodes.

    • Speakers– Enable the user to hear the results of sound

    processing.

    • Printers– Generate output on paper.


    EXAMPLES OF OUTPUT DEVICES

    Monitor

    Speakers Printer
    Storage Devices
    Storage devices are used to store all the programs and data that the
    computer uses.
    • Storage media– Includes all types of storage media.

    • Magnetic storage media– Uses magnetically sensitive

    material.

    • Optical storage media– Uses a laser beam to scan pits etched

    into a disc.
    CONTD OF STORAGE DEVICES
    •Writing– Recording data to a disk.
    •Reading– Playing back information on a disk.
    •Floppy disk– Removable storage medium.
    •CD ROM– Optical storage medium.

    21
    Storage Devices
    CD / DVD
    Drive Hard Drive

    Floppy Disk Drive

    Zip Micro Drive


    Drive

    Jazz Drive Tape


    Drive
    Communications Devices
    • Computer network– Two or more computers connected for the

    purpose of communication

    • Network interface card (NIC)– Enables computers to connect to

    each other in a limited geographic area.

    • Modem– Enables access to other computers by way of a

    telephone line.

    • Local area network (LAN)– Computers connected to each other

    within a building or group of buildings.


    Communications Devices

    Modem Network Interface Card– NIC


    References
    Kevin, W. (2018)Essential Computer Hardware: The
    illustrated Guide to Understanding Computer Hardware.
    London: Elluminet Press.
    Angela du P., Vaughan Van D., Adrian C. (2008) Computer
    Hardware and Software. Cape Town: Pearson Education.

    25
    THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

    26

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