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Data Presentation Part 1

The document discusses frequency distributions and methods for presenting quantitative data. It defines frequency distributions and explains how to construct one by grouping data into classes. Three types of graphical presentations are described: histograms display the frequency distribution as bars, frequency polygons use points to connect the class midpoints and frequencies, and ogives or cumulative frequency curves show the accumulated frequencies across classes. An example constructs a frequency distribution for students' study hours and draws the corresponding graphs to illustrate the process.

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Soad As Hamim Mahi
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27 views15 pages

Data Presentation Part 1

The document discusses frequency distributions and methods for presenting quantitative data. It defines frequency distributions and explains how to construct one by grouping data into classes. Three types of graphical presentations are described: histograms display the frequency distribution as bars, frequency polygons use points to connect the class midpoints and frequencies, and ogives or cumulative frequency curves show the accumulated frequencies across classes. An example constructs a frequency distribution for students' study hours and draws the corresponding graphs to illustrate the process.

Uploaded by

Soad As Hamim Mahi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Welcome To….

1
Learning outcomes

 Know the appropriate tool for data presentation

 Exploring fact from data

2
Type of Data Presentation

1. Tabular 2. Graphical 3. Textual


Presentation of Presentation of Presentation of
Data. Data. Data.

Qualitative Quantitative
Variable Variable

Frequency • Bar chart • Histogram Use Words, statements


Distribution • Pie Chart • Frequency or paragraphs with
Polygon numbers to present
• Ogive curve data.
• Line graph
• Boxplot
• Scatter Diagram

3
Contents

Definition of Frequency Distribution with Examples


Construction of Frequency Distribution for quantitative data
Graphical presentation of quantitative data

4
Frequency distribution with Examples

Frequency distribution:
A grouping of data into mutually exclusive categories or different classes showing the number of
observations in each category or class is called frequency distribution.
Types of Frequency Distribution:

Frequency distribution for Quantitative data Frequency distribution for Qualitative data

5
Construction of frequency distribution for quantitative data

Construction of frequency distribution:

Example:
Mr. Rahman is a professor of X University. He wishes prepare to a report showing the number
of hours per week students spend studying. He selects a random sample of 30 students and
determines the number of hours each student studied last week.
15.0, 23.7, 19.7, 15.4, 18.3, 23.0, 14.2, 20.8, 13.5, 20.7, 17.4, 18.6, 12.9, 20.3, 13.7, 21.4, 18.3,
29.8, 17.1, 18.9, 10.3, 26.1, 15.7, 14.0, 17.8, 33.8, 23.2, 12.9, 27.1, 16.6.

Organize the data into a frequency distribution.

6
Construction of frequency distribution for quantitative data

Step 1: Decide on the number of classes using the formula


2k  n Where k=number of classes
n=number of observations

There are 30 observations so n=30


Two raised to the fifth power is 32.
Therefore, we should have at least 5 classes, i.e., k=5.

Step 3: Set the individual class limits and


Steps 4 and 5: Tally and count the number of items in each class.

7
Construction of frequency distribution for quantitative data

Table-1: Frequency Distribution of the number of hours per week students spend on
studying This table is just for
understanding, not necessary for
Upper limit Hours studying Tally Frequency, f this math

Lower limit 10-15 IIII II 7 Example: Inclusive frequency table

15-20 IIII IIII II 12


Exclusive
20-25 IIII II 7
frequency
table 25-30 III 3
30-35 I 1

Class interval=
Upper limit-Lower limit=
Class interval=
15-10=5
Upper limit-Lower limit+1=
19-15+1=5

8
Graphical presentation of frequency distribution for quantitative data

Three types of graphical


presentation for quantitative data
are:

1.Histogram
2.Frequency Polygon
3. Ogive Curve/ Cumulative Frequency
Curve
Draw the following graphs for this temperature
data.
• Histogram
• Frequency Polygon
• Ogive Curve/ Cumulative Frequency Curve

9
Graphical presentation of frequency distribution for quantitative data

From the calculation of the following table we will learn how to draw all the 3 mentioned graphs.

Col-1 Col-2 Col-3 Col-4 Col-5 Col-6 1. Histogram:


class Frequency Relative Percentage Midpoints Cumulative Col-1& 2.
(𝒇𝒊 ) 𝒇
frequency( 𝒊) frequency (U+L)/2 Frequency
𝒏 𝒇
( 𝒊 ∗ 𝟏𝟎𝟎)
𝒏 2. Frequency polygon:
99.5-104.5 2 2/50 2/50*100 102 2
104.5-109.5 8 8/50 8/50*100 107 10
Col-1, 2 & 5.
109.5-114.5 18 18/50 18/50*100 112 28
114.5-119.5 13 13/50 13/50*100 117 41
119.5-124.5 7 7/50 7/50*100 122 48 2. Ogive curve:
124.5-129.5 1 1/50 1/50*100 127 49 Col-1(upper limits)& col-6.
129.5-134.5 1 1/50 1/50*100 132 50
Total n=50 1

Lower limits upper limits

10
Graphical presentation of frequency distribution for quantitative data

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Graphical presentation of frequency distribution for quantitative data

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Graphical presentation of frequency distribution for quantitative data

13
Exercise to solve

The number of walking shoes sold in 20 different shops are given below:
45, 70, 70, 55, 75, 73, 70, 65, 68, 60, 74, 83, 80, 58, 68, 85, 90, 64, 75, 82
• Construct a frequency distribution table using appropriate class
interval.
• Draw Histogram, frequency polygon and ogive curve.
• How many shops were able to sold more than 70 shoes?

14
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