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Grade 7-8 Exploratory Computer Systems Servicing

Education (Jose Rizal University)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

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COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING

ENGLISH
GRADE
GRADE7/8
10

Key Stage 3 SLM

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Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall

subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior
approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos,

brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by
their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to
locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and the authors do not represent nor
claim ownership over them.

This module was carefully examined and revised in

accordance with the standards prescribed by the DepEd
Regional Office 4A and CLMD CALABARZON. All parts and
sections of the module are assured not to have violated any
rules stated in the Intellectual Property Rights for learning
standards.
The Editors

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PIVOT 4A Learner’s Material

Quarter 1
Second Edition, 2021

Computer Systems Servicing

Grade 7/8

Donna Rose M. Obciana

Content Creator & Writer

Regional Office Management and Development Team: Job S. Zape, Jr.,

Jhonathan S. Cadavido, Romyr L. Lazo, Fe M. Ong-Ongowan, Lhovie A.
Cauilan, Ephraim L. Gibas

Schools Division Office Management Team: : Elpidia B. Bergado, Gemma G. Cortez, Noel
S. Ortega, Leylanie V, Adao, Marissa O. Aguirre, Wenifreda N. Diquit, Paula Jan Martinez,
Noel D. Anciado, Maeden A. Ligsa, Cesar Usero Jr., Angelita P. Latina,
Kenyrose M. Lungcay, Beverly B. Meon, Cindi N. Alejandrino, Clarissa Maan Ragos,
Karen G. Lambon, Luis L. Rufin, Ma. Antonette DF. Marquez, Jan Criz O. Montero,
Nestle K. Besana, Rhoanne I. Biagon, Beverly M. Hebron, Beverly M. Hebron, Jenny Jean
E. Balazon, Nestle K. Besana, Rhoanne I. Biagon, Hiyasmin Capello, Jael Faith Ledesma,
Don Kirby M. Alvarez

Published by: Department of Education Region IV-A CALABARZON

Regional Director: Francis Cesar B. Bringas

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Guide in Using PIVOT 4A Learner’s Material

For the Parents/Guardians
This module aims to assist you, dear parents, guardians, or siblings of
the learners, to understand how the materials and activities are used in the
new normal. It is designed to provide information, activities, and new
learning that learners need to work on.
Activities presented in this module are based on the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) in Computer Systems Servicing
as prescribed by the Department of Education.
Further, this learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided
and independent learning activities at their own pace. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the essential 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
You are expected to assist the children in the tasks and ensure the
learner’s mastery of the subject matter. Be reminded that learners have to
answer all the activities in their own notebook.

For the Learners

The module is designed to suit your needs and interests using the IDEA
instructional process. This will help you attain the prescribed grade-level
knowledge, skills, attitude, and values at your own pace outside the normal
classroom setting.
The module is composed of different types of activities that are
arranged according to graduated levels of difficulty—from simple to
complex. You are expected to :
a. answer all activities in your notebook; and
b. submit the outputs to your respective teachers on the time and
date agreed upon.

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Parts of PIVOT 4A Learner’s Material

K to 12 Learning
Descriptions
Delivery Process
This part presents the MELC/s and the desired
Introduction

What I need to know learning outcomes for the day or week, purpose of
the lesson, core content and relevant samples. This
maximizes awareness of his/her own knowledge
What is new as regards content and skills required for the
lesson.
This part presents activities, tasks and contents of
What I know value and interest to learner. This exposes him/her
Development

on what he/she knew, what he/she does not know

and what he/she wants to know and learn. Most
What is in
of the activities and tasks simply and directly
revolve around the concepts of developing
What is it mastery of the target skills or MELC/s.

In this part, the learner engages in various tasks

What is more and opportunities in building his/her knowledge,
skills and attitude/values (KSAVs) to meaningfully
connect his/her concepts after doing the tasks in
Engagement

the D part. This also exposes him/her to real life

situations/tasks that shall: ignite his/ her interests
What I can do
to meet the expectation; make his/her
performance satisfactory; and/or produce a
product or performance which will help him/her
What else I can do fully understand the target skills and concepts .

This part brings the learner to a process where he/

she shall demonstrate ideas, interpretation,
What I have learned
mindset or values and create pieces of
Assimilation

information that will form part of his/her

knowledge in reflecting, relating or using them
effectively in any situation or context. Also, this
What I can achieve part encourages him/her in creating conceptual
structures giving him/her the avenue to integrate
new and old learnings.
This module is a guide and a resource of information in understanding the
Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs). Understanding the target contents
and skills can be further enriched thru the K to 12 Learning Materials and other
supplementary materials such as Worktexts and Textbooks provided by schools
and/or Schools Division Offices, and through other learning delivery modalities,
including radio-based instruction (RBI) and TV-based instruction (TVI).

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WEEK Using and Maintaining Hand Tools

1
I Lesson 1
Hand tools are hand held devices that help us in accomplishing tasks. It
can be found everywhere, in your house, in schools and in all work areas. It
makes task easy and faster to do, saving most of our time and energy.

In this lesson, you will be able to plan and prepare for the task to be
undertaken, prepare hand tools, use appropriate hand tools and test equipment
and also maintain hand tools. Here are the most common tools and equipment in
Computer Systems Servicing
Common Tools and Equipment for Computer Systems Servicing
Electro Static Discharge (ESD Tools)

Anti Static Wrist Strap

This tool is used to protect computer equipment against
damage caused by Electro static discharged (ESD).

Anti Static Mat

This tool is used to prevent static electricity from
accumulating on the hardware or on the technician.

Hand Tools

Flat-head Screw Driver

This tool is used to tighten or loosen slotted screws.

Phillips-head Screw Driver

This tool is used to tighten or loosen cross headed screws

Torx Screwdriver
This tool is used to tighten or loosen screw with star like
shape (mostly found in laptops).

Hex Driver
This tool is used to tighten or loosen nuts (sometimes called
nut driver).

Needle Nose Pliers

This tool is used hold small parts.

Wire Cutters
This tool is used to strip and cut wires.

Tweezers
This tool is used to manipulate small parts.

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Part Retriever
This tool is used to retrieve small parts in spaces which do not
fit your hands.

Flashlight
This tool is used to light up areas that is too dark to see.

Wire Stripper
This tool is used to remove wire insulation from the wire.

Crimping Tool
This tool is used to conjoin a wire to a connector by tightly
squeezing and deforming the parts to connect them together.

Punch-down Tool
This tool is used to terminate and secure cables to a jack.

Cleaning Tools

Soft cloth
This is used to clean different computer components without
scratching it.

Compressed Air
This tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different
computer parts without touching the components.

Cable Ties
This is used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a
computer.

Parts Organizer
This is used as a container for small parts like screws, jump
ers, fasteners.

Diagnostic Tool

Digital Multimeter
This tool is used to test the integrity and the quality of
electricity in computer components.

Loopback Adapter
This tool is used to test the functionality of computer ports.

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Network Cable Testers

This tool is used to check network cable connectivity and
verify the correct wiring of connectors on cables.

External Hard Drive Enclosures

This tool is used to place hard drive in the external enclosure
for inspection diagnostic and repair. Also use to back up files
to prevent data corruption during repair.

Hand Tools Inspection Process

Before using a hand tool, whether personally owned or borrowed, it is best

to check first if they are free from damages, defects, cracks, loose handles and
other flaws that could cause harm.

Here are some tips when using a hand tool.

1. Ensure that the person to use it is properly trained

and skilled.
2. Select the right tool for the job. Using a substitute
tool may cause accidents.
3. Keep tools in good condition all the time.
4. Inspect for defects before use. Do not use if found
defective.
5. Ensure that the handles are intact
6. Keep tools clean and dry
7. Keep your workspace clean. Store properly when not
in use.

Safety Tips When Using Hand Tools and Equipment

• Buy quality tools, they are more durable and reliable.

• Perform regular maintenance and inspection of tools to make sure they are in
good shape and fit for use.
• Avoid loose clothing and jewelries that can get caught in tools moving parts.
• Wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment.
• Use the right tool for the job. An alternate tool can cause accidents.
• Never carry pointed and sharp tools in your pocket.
• Make sure tools are stored in a safe place. Do not leave it lying anywhere in
your workplace

Preventive Maintenance is scheduled, routine inspection to keep equipment

running as well as prevent downtime and expensive repair costs. The goal is
noticing small problems before it caused major injuries and downtimes.

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Damage and missing tools, equipment and paraphernalia should be

reported immediately to the Custodian. Tracking and recording tools and
equipment history helps employees to identify caused of damages and possible
reason of losing tools.
Here is a sample Property Custodian Lost and Damaged Report

REPORT OF LOST AND DAMAGED TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA

Status of Property NAME: ________________________
□ Lost □ Damaged (Signature Over Printed Name)
□ Stolen □ Destroyed
Department: _____________________
Property Number Description Acquisition Cost

Remarks:
Noted by: ______________________________
Property Custodian

D
Learning Task 1: Below are the tool and equipment in Computer Systems
Servicing, can you categorize them based on their functions and purposes? Write
your answer in sheet of paper or in your answer sheets.

Flat-head screwdriver Flashlight Part retriever

Compressed air Wire stripper Soft cloth
Crimper Digital Multimeter Toner Probe
Hex driver Punch-down tool Torx screwdriver
Antistatic Wrist Strap Parts organizer Antistatic Mat
Wire cutters Tweezers Cable ties
Loopback Adapter Phillips-head screwdriver
Needle-nose pliers External Hard Drive Enclosure

Electro Static
CLEANING DIAGNOSTIC
Discharge HAND TOOLS
TOOLS TOOLS
(ESD) TOOLS
e.g. Anti Static Mat Tweezer Cable Ties Loopback Adapter

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E
Learning Task 2: In a sheet of paper, list down five (5) ways on how to properly
maintain tools and equipment. For learners with internet connection, you can look
for online videos that show proper ways of maintaining tools and equipment in
Computer systems servicing.
Rubrics for checking:

Learning Task 3:
Choose which among
these following tools are
needed to complete the
given task. Write the
letter of the correct
answer in your paper.

1. _____ It is used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in
Computer Components.
2. _____ It is used to clean different computer parts without scratching or leaving
debris.
3. _____ This tools is used to retrieve small parts from locations that your hands
cannot fit.
4. _____ Use this to neatly bundle Computer cable and keep it organize.
5. _____ This is used to strip and cut wires.
6. _____ This tool is used to hold small parts.
7. _____ This tool is used to connect network wires into a patch panel.
8. _____ This tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different computer
parts.
9. _____ This tool is used to light up areas that you cannot see well.
10. _____ This tool is used to tighten or loosen nuts.

A
Learning Task 4: Did you learn something from this lesson? Can you
think of ways on how a tool and equipment helps you in your everyday work.
Write a short reflection on your notebook on how a tool can be helpful in your
everyday task at home.

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Performing Computer Operations WEEKS

I Lesson 2 2-3
A computer is an electronic device that is used to manipulate
information and data. It has the ability to store, retrieve and process data.
You can use a computer to type documents, create a spreadsheet, send email,
play games, create a video or presentation and browse the web.

In this lesson, you will be able to, plan and prepare task to be undertaken,
input data into computer, access information using computer, produce output
data using a computer system, use basic functions of a www browser to locate
information, and maintain computer equipment and systems

Hardware vs. Software

Hardware refers to the tangible, physical and mechanical components of
a computer.
Software refers to the intangible computer components. It is a set of
instructions that tells the hardware what to do and how to do it.
Examples of software include web browsers, games word processors and
spreadsheets.

Different Types of Computers

Computers are classified in many types based on their size and speed.

Super Computers is an extremely fast computer,

which can execute hundreds of millions of instructions
per second.

Mainframe Computers is a multi-user compute

system, capable of supporting hundreds of users
simultaneously. Software technology is different
from minicomputer.

Mini Computers is a multi-user computer system,

capable of supporting hundreds of users
simultaneously.

Workstations is also a single user computer system,

similar to personal computer however it has a more
powerful microprocessor.

A server is a software or hardware device that accepts

and responds to requests made over a network. The
device that makes the request, and receives a response
from the server, is called a client.

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Microcontroller are mini computers that enable the

user to store data and execute simple commands and
tasks. The computer in your car, for example is an
embedded system.

Personal Computer is a single user computer system having moderately powerful

microprocessor.
Desktop Computers are designed to be placed on a
desk. It is commonly used at work, home and school.
They are made up of different parts like mouse,
monitor, keyboard and a computer system unit.

Laptop Computers are battery powered computer that

are more portable than desktops, allowing you to use
the anywhere.

Tablet Computers are handheld computers that are

more portable than a laptop. It uses a touch sensitive
screen for typing and navigations.

Information Processing Cycle

Four phases to process information

Input: Computer receives data and instructions.
Process: Computer applies instructions to data to produce information
Storage: Saving the information for future use.
Output: Computer sends information to people in a usable format.

Input Output
Data Process Information

Storage
Microsoft Office Ribbon
The ribbon is a set of toolbars at the top of the window in Office programs
designed to help you quickly find the commands that you need to complete a task

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Steps in creating a New Document

1. Choose File ➪ New from the menu bar.
2. This may ask you to select which document template to use for the new
document.
3. Click the New Blank Document button of the tool bar.
4. or Press CTRL + N on the keyboard.

Steps in Opening an Existing Document

1. Choose File ➪ Open from the menu bar.
2. Click the Open button on the toolbar.
3. or Press CTRL + O on the keyboard.
4. NOTE: Each method will show the Open dialog box. Select the drive the file
was saved on, choose the file, and click the Open button.

Steps in Saving a Document

1. Select File ➪ Save from the menu bar.
2. Click the Save button on the toolbar.
3. or Press CTRL + S on the keyboard.
4. Navigate to the location where you would like to save the document. Make
a note of the drive where the document is saved for future reference.
To save an existing open document under a different name, select 'File ➪
Save As'.

Steps in Renaming a Document

1. To rename an existing, but not open Word document while using the
program,
2. Select File ➪ Open (or press CTRL + O on the keyboard) and find the file
you want to rename.
3. Right-click on the document name with the mouse and select Rename
from the shortcut menu.
4. Type the new name for the file and press the ENTER key.

Steps in Closing a Document

1. Choose the File ➪ Exit on the menu bar.
2. Click the Close button align with the title
bar.
3. or Press ALT + F4 on the Keyboard.

Steps in Printing a File

1. Open your document
2. Choose Print from the File Menu.
3. Select the printer connected on your
computer.
4. Edit other print settings if needed

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Steps in Browsing the Web

1. Open your computer or device web browser.
2. Type in the website that you need to visit
3. While navigating the website, look for hyperlinks, it is often part of a
website in blue underlined text, that when clicked will load a different
page. Web authors uses links to connect relevant pages.
4. Click the star symbol at the end of the address bar to bookmark or save a
web page address.

When searching for a particular topic, use search engines.

To send and receive messages, use an Email. Almost everyone who uses the
internet has their own email account because you’ll need it to do anything online
like online banking and creating a Facebook account

Computer Ergonomics

Many people spend hours a day in front of a computer without thinking

about the impact on their bodies. Physical daily stress can lead to injuries with
lifelong impact on health.

Ergonomics is a field of study that attempts to reduce strain, fatigue, and

injuries by improving product design and workspace arrangement. The goal is a
comfortable, relaxed posture.

Elbows – above the desk at 90-110 degrees

Shoulders – relaxed as opposed to hunched
Wrist – In line with forearms
Hips, Knees, Ankles – At 90 degrees while seated
Feet – Flat on the ground or footrest
Head– Upright with ears aligned with shoulders
Eyes– Level at the top of the monitor
Seat Length– Should be long enough to provide
support beneath thighs
Backrest– Angled at 90-110 degrees with adequate
lumbar support in line with lower back
Keyboard and Mouse– G and H of keyboard should
be aligned with your nose. Mouse gripped loosely

Maintain Computer Equipment and Systems

1. Install antivirus software

2. Update software regularly fixes for bugs and glitches as well as enhanced
security features.

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3. Run Computer Maintenance. Defrag your computer regularly and clean

the registry. Scans and updates are also necessary.
4. Back up files. Use an external hard drive or software-based back-ups to
keep your files in case something happens to your computer
5. Clean and removed dust from monitor, system unit and peripherals
6. Use an auto voltage regulator and surge protector to protect computers
from power surges.

D
Learning Task 1: What are the
different uncomfortable and
awkward positions did you ob-
serve in these pictures? List
down on your answer sheet
ways on how to correct it.

Example:

1. Elbows should be above the

E
Learning Task 2: List down on your answer sheet the steps on how to accomplish
the needed task? You will be graded using the following criteria: Correctness: 50%,
Quality: 30% and Clarity: 20%

1. Maria needs to do a PowerPoint presentation about her report in

TLE. What are the steps she needs to perform to open and save
the PowerPoint file?

2. Dave was asked to send an email to his boss. How can he do it step
by step?
A
Learning Task 4: Computer is now considered a necessity. In different fields
of work like engineering, communications, medical, education, science and
discoveries, technical, police work and even in our homes, computer plays a big
role in accessing, processing and sharing information.

As a learner, can you give an example of how a computer can help you? Write your
answers on your notebook.
________________________________________________________________________________

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WEEK Performing Mensuration and Calculation

4 I Lesson 3

In this lesson you will learn how does a computer process and store data.
You will be able to select measuring instruments, carry out measurements and
calculations and maintain measuring instruments.

Components and Objects to be Measured

MEMORY
Memory is a component in your computer that is used to store data and
instructions. Computer memory is the storage space in the computer, where data
is to be processed and instructions required for processing are stored.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

RAM is a temporary memory. The information stored in this memory is lost
as the power supply to the computer is turned off, also called Volatile Memory. It
stores the data and instruction given by the user and also the results produced by
the computer temporarily.

ROM (Read Only Memory)

Information stored in ROM is permanent. It
holds the data even if the system is switched
off. It holds the starting instructions for the
computer. ROM cannot be overwritten by the
computer. It is also called Non-Volatile
Memory.

STORAGE DRIVES
These are also known as secondary memory that is used for storing data or
information permanently.

Data Storage Capacity - The amount of data a storage device such as a disk or
tape can hold. Storage capacity is measured in kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB),
gigabytes (GB) and terabytes (TB).

Magnetic Storage Devices

Floppy Disk Drive is a removable disk drive

5 ¼” or 3 ½” in size that is used to save data
between 1.2 MB to 1.44 MB of data capacity.

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Hard Disk Drive is a magnetic storage device installed

inside the computer that is used as permanent storage
of data. Storage capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB)
or terabytes (TB). Speed is measured in revolution per
minute or RPM

Optical Storage Devices is a storage device that uses

lasers to read data on the optical media. Blue ray disc,
CD-ROM disc, CR-R and CD-RW disc, DVD-R,DVD –
RW are some of the examples.

Flash Memory Devices

Flash Drive is a portable storage device with 1GB to
1TB storage capacity. It is used to store and transfer
data between devices via USB port.

Compact Flash is a 50 pin connection storage medium,

commonly found in PDAs, digital cameras, and other
portable devices.

Memory Card is a storage media that is often used to

store photos, videos, or other data in electronic devices.

Solid-state Drive (SSD) is a storage device that is non

volatile. It holds and access data like a hard drive, but
it has no moving parts. It is faster, noiseless, higher
reliability and lower power consumption.

PROCESSOR
The processor or CPU is the brain of the computer
system. It handles all instructions from mouse and
keyboard and provides appropriate output.

VIDEO CARD
A video card is a hardware connected in the computer’s
motherboard that deals with processing images and
videos.

Maintain measuring instruments

To avoid damage follow these guidelines in maintaining your devices.

1. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and standard operating

procedure in proper usage and handling.
2. Portable storage devices, needs to be scanned using the latest virus scanner
to avoid transfer of virus from one computer to another.
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3. Avoid touching sensitive parts like the magnetic disk, pin and connectors.
4. Blow away dust using compressed air.
5. Use storage for small devices to avoid losing it.
6. Do not dropped to avoid damage

CONVERSION AND CALCULATION

Computers use binary codes 1 and 0 to represent and interpret letters,

numbers and special characters with bits. A decimal number can be understood
by a computer if it is converted to binary first.

Convert Decimal to Binary

To convert decimal number to binary, divide the number by 2, get the
quotient and remainder.

When it comes to text and characters, there is what we called an American

Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII).

ASCII TO DECIMAL TABLE

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By using the ASCII to Decimal table, let us convert the word “Hello” into
Binary

DATA STORAGE
CALCULATION
Have you ever wondered
how many files can be
stored in your storage
drive? There is a way to
know file storage
capacity. When referring
to storage space, we use
the terms bytes (B),
kilobytes (KB), megabytes
(MB), gigabytes (GB), and
terabytes (TB).

First step is to determine

the size of your file, then identify the size of your folder or storage drive. For
example:
File size is 45KB Another example, if you are wondering how
many photos can be save in your 1GB USB
1KB = 1024 bytes
Flash Drive.
45 * 1024 = 46,080
1 Photo = 5 MB
Folder Size = 1 MB
5 MB = 1,048,576 * 5 = 5,242,880
1MB = 1,048, 576
1 GB = 1,073,741,824
1,048,576 / 46,080 = 22.8 or
1,073,741,824 / 5,242,880
approximately 22 files can be stored
= 204.8 photos (more or less
in a 1MB folder.
depending on the actual image size

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D
Learning Task 1: In your answer sheet, List down ways on how to take care of
your computer and storage devices. You will be graded using the rubric below.
1. _________________________________________
2. _________________________________________
3. _________________________________________
4. _________________________________________
5. _________________________________________

E
Learning Task 2: Convert the following Numbers and Words into Binary Digits.
Perform checking to verify the answers. Write your answer on your answer sheets.

1. 45
2. 37
3. 12
4. God
5. Love

Learning Task 3: Identify how many files can be saved in a 5MB size folder.

1. 20 KB MS Word file
2. 2 MB picture file

A
Learning Task 4: On your answer sheet, write a short reflection on your
understanding about the decimal to binary conversions and the ASCII codes.
What do you think is the importance of knowing how does a computer process
data and instructions?

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Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing WEEK

Lesson 4
I 5

In this lesson, you be able to, identify different kinds of technical

drawing, interpret technical drawing, prepare or make changes to electrical or
electronic schematic and drawings.

A flowchart is commonly used by systems analyst to

visualize the series of processes in a business system. A
flowchart is a useful tool to design an efficient business
system and to troubleshoot or improve an existing system.

Flowcharting is a process of describing or showing the flow

of operations that must be performed to solve a certain
problem using different symbols.

Flowchart- is a visual or graphic representation of the data

flow. A flowchart represents the whole thing that you plan or
do. The given flowchart below describes the simple actions.

Elements of Flowchart

Flowcharts show the exact sequence of procedures to be made and describe

the flow of data. It uses graphics symbols that represent as terminator, process,
sub process, decision, arrow lines, and connectors. The most commonly used
flowchart symbols are the following:

This symbol (oval) represent a terminal usually start and end.

Flowchart used to start or end a process or an action.

This symbol (rectangle) represent a process. This is used to

represent a process, procedure or any action taken.

This symbol (rectangle with double lines on each side)

represent a sub process. This may be a subroutine procedure
that divided into at any point of the process.

This symbol (rhomboid) symbolize data. This is used to show

data or information that entering or leaving the process. This
flowchart symbol usually used as input or output.

This symbol (Diamond) signify a decision. This is used when

the decision has to be made, requiring an answer yes or no,
true or false, on or off etc.

This symbol (small circle) design as connector. This is used to

connect two directional lines and usually labelled to show
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The directional arrow serve as connector lines to connect the

different symbols, flow of action and data from one symbol to
another.

Procedures in Creating Flowchart

Making flowcharts is quite difficult, so when creating a flowchart, we must

remember the following:

1. The purpose should be described in a clear and definite process.

2. Each procedure should be clearly presented.
3. Always focus on the main flow.
4. Provide useful conclusion to the entire process.
5. The flow of the process should be from left to right, top to bottom.
6. Write a brief and clear word or code inside the flowcharts.

Basic Flowcharting Forms

There are three basic flowcharting forms. These are the following:

1. SEQUENCIAL Program Flow

2. DECISION Program Flow involves
is a simple arrangement of actions
a decision to determine the truth or
and process. It is composed of a
falsity of a certain statement. The
series of statement which are
direction of the flow depend on the
executed one by one from top to
result of the decision.
bottom.

START START

GO TO LI- MAKE A
BRARY PROGRAM

BORROW
BOOKS
IS THE YES PRINT
DE-
THE
READ

NO
RETURN
BOOKS END

END

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3. LOOPING Program Flow repeats an

action for a number of times as initially
set until a certain condition is met.

Electronic Schematic Symbols

Graphic symbols have been developed for describing the connections and
functions of such circuits and systems.

Batteries are represented on a schematic with a pair of dis

proportionate, parallel lines. The number of lines indicates the
number of series cells in the battery.

Switch can be represented in numerous ways in electronic

schematics.

Capacitor are either polarized or not. A polarized capacitor is marked

with a “+” sign.
Note: It is important to distinguish between these two because the
polarized capacitor needs to be placed correctly according to the “+” sign.

Standard Capacitor Polarized Capacitor Standard Capacitor Polarized Capacitor

Resistor reduces current flow. The symbol is often drawn as a resistor

with an arrow across it or pointing down on it as the one below.

American Style European Style

Variable resistor or potentiometer is drawn in several

differrent ways.

Transistor is like an electronic switch. It can turn a current

on and off. The most common transistor types:

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

Field Effect Transistor (FET

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Diode family has several different symbols because there are

several different types of diodes.

Inductor is also called a coil or reactor. The coils store energy

in a magnetic field or flux. An inductor symbol looks like a
coiled wire as this is what an inductor essentially is.

Transformer is two or more coils coupled by magnetic

induction. It helps keep the frequency and reduce tension in
an AC circuit. The symbol of the transformer looks like two
inductors with something in between them.

Integrated circuits (IC) are usually shown as rectangular

boxes with pin names.

Drawing Schematic Diagram

A well-drawn schematic diagram makes it easy to understand how a circuit

works and aids in troubleshooting; a poor schematic only creates confusion. By
keeping a few rules and suggestions in mind, you can draw a good schematic in
no more time than it takes to draw a poor one. Here is an example of a DC Power
supply Schematic Diagram.

Purpose of technical drawing

• The purpose of a technical drawing is to clarify an idea and to translate that

idea into a common graphical language.
• Technical drawings fulfill the purpose of idea translation through the
application of a variety of methods and visual conventions.

Store technical drawings and equipment/ instruments

It is important that the equipment, which has been in use is stored neatly
in clean and dry place. Dirty and damaged equipment does not help in the
production of good and clean drawings.

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Proper Care and Maintenance

It is essential to take proper care of the drafting tools, materials, and equip-
ment. Below are some tips to properly use and take care of them.
1. Avoid dropping your tools and equipment.
2. Never use measuring tools in cutting paper.
3. Do not sharpen your pencil on top of your workplace.
4. Wipe off the surface and edges of triangles and T-squares.
5. Sharpen and store your pencils properly after use.
6. Find or create and organizer where you can hang your measuring tools.
7. Have a separate container for making tools.
8. Keep your drawing sheets in a plastic tube to protect them from a dust
and dirt.
9. Never lend or borrow drafting tools and materials if may.
10. Always clean the instruments and the drawing table before beginning your
work

D
Learning Task 1: Answer the given item to
complete the puzzle. Down

1. It is used to connect the

different data and flow of
action from one symbol to
another.
2. It is a process of describing
or showing the flow of action.
3. It is used to represent a
process, procedure or any
action taken.
4. It is used when the decision
has to be made, requiring an
answer yes or no, true or false,
on or off etc.
Across 5. It is symbol used to show
6. It show the exact sequence of procedures to data or information that
be made and describe the flow of data. entering or leaving the
8. It is subroutine procedure that divided into process.
at any point of the process. 7. It is a symbol represent a
9. It is used to start or end a process process.
10. A small circle symbol design as _________.

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E
Learning Task 2: Modified True or False. Analyze each statement then write”
Technical “if the statement is true. If the statement is false, underline the word
that made it incorrect, and then write the correct one on the space provide before
each number.

________1. The direction of the flow depends on the result of the decision
________2. Always focus on the sub flow.
________3. The flow of the process should be from right to left, top to bottom.
________4. Write a detailed and clear word or code inside the flowcharts.
________5. Sequential program flow is composed of a series of statement which are
executed one by one from top to bottom.
________6. The terminal symbol marks that the start and end of the flowchart.
________7. Decision program flow involves a decision or test to determine the truth
or falsity of a certain statement.
________8. Use connectors to ensure that the symbols are properly connected and
that the flow continues.
________9. Only a single flow line should enter and leave a process symbol.
_______10. Write your code inside the symbols in briefest and clearest manner
possible.

Learning Task 3:

A. On a short bond paper, create a

flowchart that will read the age of
the students and will display the
text “Junior High” if the age is 12
and above and will end the process
if the age is below 12 “
You will be graded using this rubric

B. Create a schematic diagram that shows a simple series circuit of resistor

connection.

A
Learning Task 4: On a piece of paper, write your understanding about the
purpose and importance of a schematic diagram in electronics.

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Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring WEEK

and Electronics Circuit 6
I Lesson 5

To work with electronic and electrical circuits, a beginner needs to gain

special hand tools and equipment. In this lesson, you will be able to plan and
prepare for termination/connection of electrical wiring/ electronic circuits,
terminate/connect electrical wiring/ electronic circuits, test termination/
connections of electrical wiring/ electronic circuits. These are the hand tool and
equipment in preparing one or more specific job in joining, replacing, obtaining
and troubleshooting of electronic circuits.

Basic Electronic Hand Tools and Equipment

Long Nose Pliers is used for holding, bending and stretching

the lead of electronics component or connecting wire.

Side Cutter Pliers is used for cutting or trimming of

connecting wires or terminal leads in the circuit board.

Flat Screw Driver is used to drive or fasten negative slotted

Philips Screw Driver is used to drive or fasten positive slotted

screws.

Soldering Iron is used to join two or more metal conductors

with the support of soldering lead melted around it.

Desoldering Tool/Desoldering Pump is used to unsoldered

unwanted parts or component in the circuit with the support
of soldering iron.

Multi-Volts Power Supply is used to supply the desired direct

current voltages in the circuit.

Multi-tester is used for measuring resistance, voltage and

current.

Portable Electric Hand Drill is used for boring hole/s in the

plastics chassis or metal chassis.

Soldering is the process of joining two or more electronic parts together by

melting solder around the connection. Solder is a metal alloy and when it cools it
creates a strong electrical bond between the parts. Even though soldering can
create a permanent connection, it can also be reversed using a desoldering tool.

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Soldering Safety
Soldering irons can reach temperatures of 800′ F so it’s very important to know
where your iron is at all times. We always recommend you use a soldering iron
stand to help prevent accidental burns or damage. Choose a well ventilated area
or use a fume extractor to protect your eyes and lungs from harmful solder smoke.

Step on How to Solder

Step 1: Mount The Component – Begin by inserting the leads of the LED into the
holes of the circuit board. Flip the board over and bend the leads outward at a 45′
angle. This will help the component make a better connection with the copper pad
and prevent it from falling out while soldering.

Step 2: Heat The Joint – Turn your soldering iron on and if it has an adjustable
heat control, set it to 400’C. At this point, touch the tip of the iron to the copper
pad and the resistor lead at the same time. You need to hold the soldering iron in
place for 3-4 seconds in order to heat the pad and the lead.

Step 3: Apply Solder to Joint – Continue holding the soldering iron on the
copper pad and the lead and touch your solder to the joint.

Step 4: Snip The Leads – Remove the soldering iron and let the solder cool down
naturally. Don’t blow on the solder as this will cause a bad joint. Once cool, you
can snip the extra wire from leads.

A proper solder joint is smooth, shiny and

looks like a volcano or cone shape. You want
just enough solder to cover the entire joint but
not too much so it becomes a ball or spills to a
nearby lead or joint.

The good thing about using solder is the fact

that it can be removed easily in a technique
known as desoldering.

Desoldering Steps

Step 1 – Place a piece of the desoldering braid on top of the joint/solder you want
removed.

Step 2 – Heat your soldering iron and touch the tip to the top of the braid. This
will heat the solder below which will then be absorbed into the desoldering braid.
You can now remove the braid to see the solder has been extracted and removed.
Be careful touching the braid when you are heating it because it will get hot.

Typical electrical cable jointing methods

Western Union Short tie
It is used when the connection must be strong enough to
support long lengths of heavy, wire. In the past. this
splice was used to repair telegraph wires. If the splice is
to be taped, care should be taken to eliminate any sharp
edges from the wire ends.

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Rat-tail Joint
It is also known as a twist splice or a pig-tail splice, is a
very basic electrical splice that can be done with both solid
and stranded wire. It is made by taking two or more bare
wires and wrapping them together symmetrically around the
common axis of both wires.

Knotted Tap Joint

It is used to for branch joints to connect a branch wire to a
continuous wire. Remove about 1 inch of insulation from the
main wire and about 3 inches from the branch wire.

Fixture Joint
It is an electric connection between two conductors, formed by
crossing their bare ends, wrapping one end around the other,
and then folding them over.
This is a type of branch joint connecting a small-diameter
wire to the large diameter conductor, such as those used in
lighting fixtures.

Wires Connection
Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
To pass current very easily from one part of a
Wire circuit to another.
A 'blob' should be drawn where wires are
connected (joined), but it is sometimes omitted.
Wires joined Wires connected at 'crossroads should be
D staggered slightly to form two T‐ junctions, as
shown on the right.
In complex diagrams it is often necessary to
Wires not draw wires crossing even though they are not
joined connected.

Switches
Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
On‐Off Single Pole, Single Throw. An on‐off switch
Switch allows current to flow only when it is in the
closed (on) position.
(SPST)
Single Pole, Double Throw. A 2‐way changeover
switch directs the flow of current to one of two
2‐way Switch
routes according to its position.
(SPDT) Some SPDT switches have a central off position
and are described as 'on‐off‐on'
Dual On‐Off Double Pole, Single Throw. A dual on‐off
switch which is often used to switch mains
Switch
electricity because it can isolate both the live
(DPST) and neutral connections

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Power Supplies/Source
Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
Supplies electrical energy. The larger terminal (on
the left) is positive (+). A single cell is often called a
Cell
battery, but strictly a battery is two or more cells
joined together.
DC Supply Supplies electrical energy.
DC = Direct Current, always flowing in one
direction.
Supplies electrical energy.
AC = Alternating Current, continually changing
AC Supply
direction.

Supplies electrical energy. A battery is more than

one cell. The larger terminal (on the left) is positive
Battery
(+).
A safety device which will 'blow' (melt) if the
current flowing through it exceeds a specified
Fuse
value.

Transformers are used to step up (increase) and

step down (decrease) AC voltages. Energy
is transferred between the coils by the magnetic
Transformer field in the core. There is no electrical
connection between the coils.

A connection to earth. For many electronic circuits

this is the 0V (zero volts) of the power supply, but
for mains electricity and some radio circuits it
Ground really means the earth. It is also known as ground

Output Devices/Loads: Lamps, Heater, Motor

Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
A transducer which converts electrical energy to
light. This symbol is used for a
Lamp
(lighting) lamp providing illumination, for example a car
headlamp or torch bulb.
A transducer which converts electrical energy to
heat.
Heater
A transducer which converts electrical energy to
kinetic energy (motion).
Motor

A transducer which converts electrical energy to

sound.
Bell

A coil of wire which creates a magnetic field when

current passes through it. It can be used as a
Inductor
transducer converting electrical energy to mechani-
cal energy by pulling on something.

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D
Learning Task 1: State whether the following is an equipment or a hand tool.
______________1.Desoldering Tool ______________6. Philips Screw Driver
______________2. Soldering Iron ______________7. Flat Screw Driver
______________3. Multi-Volts Power ______________ 8. Multi-tester
Supply ______________ 9. Side Cutter Pliers
______________4. Long Nose Pliers _____________ 10. Electric Hand Drill
______________5. Portable Electric
Hand Drill

E
Learning Task 2: Using some old wires, create the four (4) typical electrical cable
jointing methods. Glue or tape the wire in a short bond paper. You will be graded
using the rubrics below.

Western Union Short tie Knotted Tap Joint

Fixture Joint
Rat-tail Joint

A
Learning Task 3: On a piece of paper, write a short reflection about the
importance of safety in connecting electrical wiring and circuits. Why do we need
to consider health and safety while doing our task?

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WEEK Testing Electronic Components

7-8
I Lesson 6

An electronic circuit is a structure that directs and controls electric

current to perform various functions including signal amplification, computation,
and data transfer. It comprises several different components such as resistors,
transistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes. Conductive wires or traces are used
to connect the components to each other.

In this lesson, you will be able to determine criteria for testing electronics
component, plan an approach for components testing, test components, evaluate
the testing process.

Component testing is defined as a software testing type, in which the testing is

performed on each individual component separately without integrating with
other components.

Common Electronic Components

Passive are components or device which doesn’t generate voltage but controls
the current in an electronic circuit.
Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor, etc.
Active are the components which generate, amplify and also control the
voltage and current in an electronic circuit.
Diode, Transistor, Integrated Circuit, etc.

Resistance and Resistors

Resistance means opposition to some

action. In electricity resistance means the
opposition to the flow of current.
• Measured in ohms(Ω)
• Expressed in kilo-ohms, milli-ohms
etc. With 1000Ω= 1 kilo
ohms,1000000Ω= 1 mega ohms.
• The symbol of resistance is shown as:

Functions of Resistor

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements

electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used
to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active
elements, and terminate transmission lines.

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RESISTOR COLOR CODES

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Example on How to Calculate the Resistor Color Codes

Reading from left to right, the first
band close to the edge is the first digit in
the numerical value of R. The next band
marks the second digit. The third band is
the decimal multiplier, which gives the
number of zeros after the two digits

The first band is red for 2 and the next

band is violet for 7. The red multiplier in
the third band means add two zeroes to
27.

Capacitor
• A capacitor (formerly known as a condenser, and prior to that known as
a permittor) is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores
electric energy in an electric field.
• Capacitors (sometimes known as condensers) are energy-storing devices that
are widely used in televisions, radios, and other kinds.
• Take two electrical conductors (things that let electricity flow through them)
and separate them with an insulator (a material that doesn't let electricity
flow very well) and you make a capacitor: something that can store
electricalETHAN
energy. & JOY DIGITAL CORPORATION
Royal Business Park, City of Manila

CAPACITANCE

• The amount of electrical energy a capacitor can store.

• The capacitance of a capacitor is a bit like the size of a bucket: the bigger the
bucket, the more water it can store; the bigger the capacitance, the more
electricity a capacitor can store.

Three ways to increase the capacitance of a capacitor.

1. One is to increase the size of the plates.
2. Another is to move the plates closer together.
3. The third way is to make the dielectric as good an insulator as possible

Functions of Capacitor
Its function is to store the electrical energy and give this energy again to the
circuit when necessary. It charges and discharges the electric charge stored in it.
Besides this, the functions of a capacitor are as follows: It blocks the flow of DC
and permits the flow of AC.

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Diode

Diodes also known as rectifiers. It used to convert the ac voltage to dc voltage. It

is an electronic equivalent of one-way streets. Diodes allow an electric current to
flow through them in only one direction. Diode Composed of two terminals

Anode is the positive electrode, the point of exit of electrons from a device to the
external circuit.
Cathode is the negative electrode, the point of entry of electrons into a device
from external circuit. It is also the terminal connected to the positive point of
circuit.

Transistor

The transistor is possibly the most important invention of this decade.

It performs two basic functions.
- It acts as a switch turning current on and off.
- It acts as an amplifier. This makes an output signal that is a magnified
version of the input signal. Transistors are more complex and can be used
in many more ways.

The name transistor is derived from “transresistor”, meaning that it changes

resistance. Unlike a diode, a transistor has three leads.

Before we perform different testing components, it is necessary to know the

standard procedure on how we can prevent accident.

OHS or Occupational Health and Safety refers to the legislation, policies,

procedures and activities that aim to protect the health, safety and welfare of all
people at the workplace.

1. Do not work alone so that there's someone who can take care of you in case of
emergency.
2. Always power off the computer and unplug the computer before working on it.
3. Take away any liquid near your working area to avoid getting electrocuted or
accidentally damaging computer parts.
4. Be careful with tools that may cause short circuit.
5. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.
6. Do not use excessive force if things don't quite slip into place.
7. Clean the area before and after using it to maintain sanitation and prevent
accidents.
8. Hold the components on the edges and do not touch the Integrated Circuit (IC)
parts.
9. Always wear personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the
organization's OHS procedures and practices.
10. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable
connector.
11. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other emergencies
are recognized
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Testing Resistor

There are two ways of testing resistor,

using an analog or digital multimeter.
Normally if a resistor fails they will
either increase in value or open up at
all (open circuit).
You can check the resistor resistance
by selecting the ohmmeter range in the
analog and digital multimeter.

USING ANALOG METER TO TEST RESISTOR

1. First you must know the resistor value before you take any measurement.
2. With the resistor colour band calculation you have read from the previous
section, I’m sure you have no problem in identifying resistor value by
looking at the colour bands.
3. Assuming you are measuring a resistor with colours of; yellow, purple,
black and gold. From calculation it is a 47 ohms resistor with 5%
tolerance.
4. Set your analog meter to x1 ohm, shorting the probes and calibrate the
pointer so that it will stay at zero ohm.
5. Place your meter probes to the two points of the resistors as shown in the
photo. It doesn’t matter which probes to which two points because resistor
does not have polarity (positive and negative) like battery.
6. You should have get somewhere near 47ohm by observing the pointer.
7. If you get more than 47 ohm say 150 ohm, this mean that the resistor has
gone up in resistance and need permanent replacement.
8. Remember to press a little bit hard on the leads of the resistor while
measuring it otherwise you may not get a precise reading or intermittent
reading could occur.
9. Check the result to see if the pointer point to near or exact 15K ohm. If the
resistor has 5% tolerance the pointer should point between the values of
14.25K to 15.75 K ohm.
10. Any value you get that is not between the tolerance ranges, you should
replace the resistor.
11. Similarly if you want to check a 15K ohm resistor, short the two probes
together and calibrate by adjusting the adjuster knob.
12. You must set your meter to x1 K ohm range so that the measurement is
within the range.
13. In order to check a 100K ohm resistor you have to select the X10K ohm
range. Follow the procedure explained above and you should be able to get
the measurement.

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D
Learning Task 1: Draw a happy face ☺ if the statement aims to protect
the health, safety and welfare of all people at the workplace and a sad face
 if not.

_____1. Do not work alone so that there's someone who can take care of you in
case of emergency.
_____2. It’s safe to eat and drink at your workplace.
_____3. Always wear personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the
organization's OHS procedures and practices.
_____4. Do not use excessive force if things don't quite slip into place.
_____5. You do not need to power off the computer and unplug the computer
before working on it.

E
Learning Task 2: Calculate the following resistor color code. Write your
answer in your answer sheet.

1. Violet, Yellow, Red, Gold

2. Green, Blue, Grey, Orange, Silver
3. Blue, Red, Orange, Green, Gold
4. Brown, Black, Red, Blue, Gold
5. Yellow, Red, Orange, Yellow, Gold

A
Learning Task 3: Analyze and write in a sheet of paper your ideas about the
importance of testing electronics components. Write a reflection on the
importance of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in a workplace.

You will be graded using this rubric.

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Answer Key

10.B Technical 10.

9. H Technical 9.
8. E Technical 8.
7. I Technical 7.
6. D Technical 6.
5. C Technical 5.
4. J Detailed—brief 4.
3. F Right to left— Left to right 3.
2. A Sub—main 2.
1. G Technical 1.
Learning Task 3
Lesson 1 Learning Task 2 Learning Task 2
Lesson 3 Lesson 4

files 10. Connector Hand Tool 10.

2.5 or 3 picture 2. 9. Terminal Hand Tool 9.
256 MS word files 1. 8. Sub Process Equipment 8.
6. Flowchart Hand Tool 7.
Learning Task 3 Across Hand Tool 6.
Lesson 3 Equipment 5.  5.
7. Rectangle Hand Tool 4. 5. 4.23MΩ ±5%
5. Rhomboid Equipment 3. ☺ 4.
4. Decision Hand Tool 2. ☺ 3. 4. 102MΩ ±5%
3. Process Hand Tool 1.
2. Flowcharting  2.
3. 62.3MΩ ±5%
1. Connector Lines Learning Task 1
Down Lesson 5
☺ 1.
(sample answer only) 2. 568K Ω ±10%
Learning Task 3B Learning Task 1 Learning Task 1
Lesson 5 Lesson 4 Lesson 6 1. 7.4KΩ ±5%

Note: Learning Tasks with no Key to Correction require varied answers from learners. Learning Task 2
Lesson 6

References

Online Sources

IT Essentials: Computer Lab Procedures and Tool Use (2013). Hand Tools and Equipment.
https://www.ciscopress.com
Torx Screwdriver Image
https://www.techexpress.co.nz/
Loopback Adapter Hardware (2018) Loopback Adapter Image
https://rock-cafe.club/
StewMac Hex Truss Rod Wrench, For 5/16" Nut (2016) Hex Driver Image
https://www.amazon.com/
Wilmar * PERFORMANCE TOOL * LED Magnetic Claw Retriever (2021) Part Retriever Image
https://www.kmscarparts.com/
Hand Tools—General Hand Tool Operation (2021) Safety Use of Tools
https://www.ccohs.ca/
NDC Computer Hardware Servicing—Legara (2017)
Safety Procedures in Using Tools and Materials
http://ndclegara.blogspot.com/
Tool and Equipment Maintenance (2021) Safety Procedures in Using Tools and Materials
https://www.ihsa.ca/
What is Preventive Maintenance Preventive Maintenance
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Types of Computer (2021) Types of Computers

https://en.wikiversity.org/
Information Processing Cycle | Meaning, Steps and Examples (2020)
Information Processing Cycle
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Microsoft Office/Create and Edit a Document (2009-2021) Using MS Office
https://en.wikibooks.org/
Computer Ergonomics: How to protect yourself from strain and Pain (2021)
Computer Ergonomics
https://uhs.umich.edu/
Computer Workstation Ergonomics (2016) Computer Ergonomics
https://www.safety.uwa.edu.au/
10 Commandment of Computer Care (2021) Maintain Computer Equipment and Systems
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Memory of the Computer (2016) Memory
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Storage Device (2021) Storage Device
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Binary and Data (2017) Decimal to Binary
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How to Convert from Decimal to Binary (2021) Conversion of Decimal to Binary
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What is a flowchart (2021) Basic Symbol of Flowchart
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Prepare/make changes to electrical/electronic schematics and drawings Technical Drawings
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Transformer Image:
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Electrical / Electronic Symbols
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Terminate and Connect Wirings and Electronics Circuits
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How to Solder
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Learning Module in Electronics
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Electronic Component
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Procedure in Testing Electronics Component
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Programming in Turbo Pascal the Easy Way

Josephine C. Sto. Domingo
Basic Flowcharting Forms
Lesson 3 pp. 17-18
Source: Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill, The Art of Electronics 2nd Edition
Electronics Book Series
Enriquez, Michael, Simple Electronics (Basic) Fully Illustrated, Antonio M. Andes Sr.

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