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Lec02-CC101.Introduction to Computing - Intro to Computer

Introduction to Computing (Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology)

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| INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
Have a nice day, class! Today, we will be discussing “Introduction to Computers”. I know that
you are already familiar with this device but did you know that as early as the 19th century, this was
one of the most important devices that emerged. It greatly influenced and changed our way of living
day by day, prevalently known today as a (what?) . Now, computers
are used for complex designs, entertainment, communication, research, data mining, architecture,
engineering, education, medical discoveries, technological innovations, industry infrastructure and
production, various managements, and many others, named it all.
In this digital age, we define a computer as an electronic device that accepts user data input
and processes them through its algorithms or set of instructions known as programs to produce the
desired or meaningful output commonly known as information. But how about if we want to
retrieve the information, that’s where the Storage comes in. This device stores the data or
information either temporary or permanent. While the feedback indicates the element of control
that should be a real-time response from output to the input process.

Image Source: Input/ Output/ Process diagram - Oliver Williams Y12 ICT

To elucidate this, data are the raw facts without clear meaning to the user yet. And that
(what?)_______________________ are set of instructions that command a computer what to
perform. Whereas (what?) is the meaningful output or result after the
data have been processed.

Based on the illustration above, the image below is a concrete example to understand the way
we perform tasks from our daily chores implementing the Input-Process-Output (IPO) cycle.

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Image source: https://mjpagedesign.com

Now, can you give real-life situations or daily-life chores in your home that exemplify the IPO
cycle? (Use the table provided.)

|NAME:
DATE:
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

A Brief History of Computer

As to begin with our deeper discussion, we all know the fact that early men used their fingers
and toes, stones, and sticks as the bases for counting, which is a base (what?) _____ numbering
system. But as evolution took place, symbols and number concepts were invented, then followed
by devices that could manipulate these numbers until transcended into an unimaginable extent.

I presented an infographic to briefly take us into time morph back to where and when it began.

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https://www.infogrades.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/A-Brief-History-of-Computers-Infographic.jpg

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However, when we look into the “real” revolution of the innovative development of these
machines, we should stop our time morph in _________ (year), to be exact. There are five computer
generations known until to this date that resulted in progressively smaller, cheaper, incredibly faster,
more powerful, and more efficient computing devices. Each generation has a major characterization
of technological development, which basically influenced the function of such a computer.

Now, I give you this part… kindly fill in the table below to synopsize the five generations.
|NAME:
DATE:
GENERATION INCLUSIVE YEAR CHARACTERISTIC/ DESCRIPTION

First Generation

Second Generation

Third Generation

Fourth Generation

Fifth Generation

Computer & Computer Systems

Now as to differentiate “computer” from the Computer system”, a computer is a programmable

device that can manipulate or process data input directly from the user or retrieve it from the storage
device. It can be analog, digital, or hybrid, although digital computers are more prevalent due to its
use for general purposes, while analog computers are intended for specific tasks. The term
"computer" initially pertained to humans performing numerical calculations using mechanical
calculators such as the abacus, but later replaced by mechanical devices. Computers today can
accept data (input), process that __________, produce ___________, and store (storage) the results.

On the other hand, a computer system is the combination of peripheral devices and installed
software to perform desired functions. The "computer" and "computer system" can be interchanged
especially when the latter is sold and installed as a package. This term may also pertain to a hardware
configuration and software designed for specific tasks, such as an information management system,
automated control & monitoring systems, or an accounting system. Or it may refer to multiple
computers interlinked with each other to share software, data, and peripherals or resources.

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|NAME: DATE:
Now, what do you call the computer network consists of two or more computers
intended to share resources? Client-Server Network.

Are Computers Intelligent?

Before we proceed, may I ask you a question?

|NAME: DATE:

Are computers intelligent? Why?

My follow up question is:

|E: DATE:

Is speed considered as intelligence? How?

Agree. A computer programmed to play chess can beat even the greatest human chess masters
because of the game’s logical rules and processes. It can set plan more possible moves ahead than
a human can anticipate. Likewise, these devices can perform tedious tasks effectively and
proficiently sans sleep. They can analyze, calculate, and process data round the clock. They seem

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to have no limitations, but still, lack of understanding even a simple situation, e.g. computer cannot
renew its license alone even your bank account details are already stored in there. Also, computers
are susceptible to bugs, malware and viruses, power interruptions, circuit failures, and the like.

Whereas experts agree, humans are still superior in many aspects even considering the highly
advanced __________________________ (AI) perspective. Unlike computers, we have instincts,
common sense, emotional concepts, and life learning experiences in this world. Humans recognize
and possess traits like aspiration, beliefs, creativity, imagination, etc. We can write and appreciate
the poem, compose and play _____________, sing a _____________, do artworks, inspire other
people, and so forth. Computers can be programmed, yes, but they don’t have the innate abilities
and characteristics the way we (humans) do.

According to Maital, “The human brain has 86 billion neurons (nerve cells), all interconnected.
Computer neural networks have far, far fewer ‘cells’ or nodes. But soon they will reach this
complexity and sophistication.” Experts generally agree that future computers will possess some
traits that today human uniquely has or far better. But according to Mallick, “The important thing
to keep in mind is that it is not man versus machine. It is not a competition. It is a collaboration.”

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