MODULE 11. Spring Water and Rainwater Collection

TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology
Civil Engineering Department

Engr. Orlando Cruz Sico Jr.
CEA243 – Engineering Utilities 2 4. With a watch, measure the amount of time it
MODULE 11.0______________________________ takes to fill the bucket. At this instance, the
rate of flow can be determined.
SPRING WATER AND RAINWATER COLLECTION 5. Check the rate of flow per day if it is sufficient
to supply the daily water demand of the
Providing water in building is one of the most critical occupants.
utility requirements. A building without water supply
is unfit human habitation. SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Generally speaking, potable water is supplied from a Determination of Spring Yield

local utility through a public water system.
It takes a spring 60 seconds to fill a 10-liter bucket.
For building without public water system, an Determine if its daily yield is sufficient to the water
alternative source of water must be considered, such demand of the community of 200 people. The average
as spring, wells, and rain water. daily water consumption per person is 60 liters.
SPRING WATER SOURCE SOLUTION:

Determine the rate of flow (in liters/ second)
In most conditions, springs are shallow wells with
water supply just a few meters from the ground Rate of Flow = 10 liters/60 seconds
surface. If this is the source of domestic water supply, = 0.16 liters/ second
careful attention must be given to yield and purify.
The flow may stop during dry season or surface water Determine the daily yield (liters/day)
may get contaminated.
Daily yield = 0.16 liter/seconds
Spring water can be developed so as to secure =13, 824 liters per day
maximum protection from contamination by
excavating sufficiently to locate the true spring Determine total daily water demand
openings and to insure a secure foundation for the
encasing structure. This structure is known as a spring Total demand = 200 persons x 60 liters/person/ day
box which serves as a collector for spring water. = 12,000 liters per day
Water collected from the spring box flows to a larger
storage tank and then to the distribution pipes. Therefore, the spring with the daily flow of 13,824
liters can sufficiently meet the demand of the
The determination of the yield of the spring water community of 200 people.
source employs a very simple procedure. They are as
follows: RAIN WATER SOURCE
1. Channel the flow of the spring into a In terms of resource conservation, rainwater is an
collection basin. Make sure that the basin attractive alternative. Rain water is soft and is near to
collects all available flow. the purest state in the hydrological cycle. However,
2. Place an overflow pipe through the dam so air pollution causes rainwater to be acidic which
that the collected water flows freely through corrode non-ferrous pipes and cause rusting and
the pipe. There should be no leakage around clogging of steel pipes.
the pipe.
3. Put a bucket of known volume (for example, In spite of these conditions, rainwater collection
a 10-liter bucket) under the overflow pipe to system remains a viable water source alternative. This
catch the flow. system typically employ a cistern or covered reservoir
tanks to store water collected from roofs or other
relatively clean, impervious surfaces. The collected
MODULE 11 Spring & Rainwater Collection

rain can be used for flushing water closets and urinals, rainwater cistern based on the following givens or
as well as for landscape purposes wherein potable assumptions:
water is not necessary.
1. Water closets shall be flush tank types.
The city council of Cebu promulgated City Ordinance 2. Rainfall data of Cebu is available from
No. 1711 otherwise known as the “water PAGASA
conservation and Flood Prevention ordinance”. This 3. Roof area is 1,000 square meter.
ordinance requires all projects to provide a 4. Capacity of cistern to satisfy 30 minute
permanent rainwater tank or container proportionate duration of water demand
to the roof area. These are stated as follows: 5. Rainfall catchment efficiency is 80%.
A. For commercial, Industrial and Institutional

buildings SOLUTION:
One cubic meter of tank/container for every fifteen 1. Solving for rainwater demand load (Refer to T. 6-1):
(15) square meters of roof area and deck, up to a
maximum of seven (7) cubic meters. Water closet: 5 x 5 WSFU = 25
Urinal : 2 x 5 WSFU = 10
B. For Residential Buildings (Php 500,000.00 and Slop Sink : 2 x 10 WSFU = 20
above project cost) Total demand = 55 WSFU
One cubic meter of tank/ container for every fifteen From tables of values, the equivalent for 55 WSFU is
(15) square meters of roof area and deck, up to a 29 GPM
maximum of three (3) cubic meters
The estimate daily demand is:
SIZING OF RAIN WATER CISTERN Daily demand = 29 gallons/ Mins x 30 mins.
= 870 gallons
There are two methods that can be used in
determining the size of the storage tank for rain The estimated annual demand is:
water: Annual Demand = 870 gallons/ day x 365 days =
317,550 gallons Or 1,201,926.75 liters
1. The use of Cebu city Ordinance 1711 which
states that for every fifteen (15) square meter The estimated average monthly demand is:
of roof area, one (1) cubic meter of rain water 1,201,926.75 liters / 12 = 100,160.56 Or 100.16 cuM
can be collected. This is the short method of
sizing the cistern. 2. Determining the rain fall data from PAGASA (avg.
precipitation rate in millimeters)
2. The use of the rain fall data of the locality.
This is the long method of determining the
size of the cistern.
SAMPLE PROBLEM: SIZING OF RAINWATER CISTERN Average annual rainfall: 1628.70 mm

BY LOCAL RAINFALL DATA
3. Solving for the amount of available rain water per
As part of the design problem, it was required that 5 month:
water closets, 2 urinals and 2 slop sinks of a school
building in Cebu city be provided with an alternative Available rain water = monthly rain fall x roof area x
source of water supply, specifically from rainfall 80%
catchment. Your are to determine the size of the

Therefore: 4. Add the available rain water cumulatively
Average Monthly supply: 1,302, 960 / 12 =

108,580 liters


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TARLAC STATE UNIVERSITY – College of Engineering & Technology

Civil Engineering Department

Generally speaking, potable water is supplied from a Determination of Spring Yield

SPRING WATER SOURCE SOLUTION:

MODULE 11 Spring & Rainwater Collection

A. For commercial, Industrial and Institutional

SAMPLE PROBLEM: SIZING OF RAINWATER CISTERN Average annual rainfall: 1628.70 mm

MODULE 11 Spring & Rainwater Collection

Therefore: 4. Add the available rain water cumulatively

Average Monthly supply: 1,302, 960 / 12 =

MODULE 11 Spring & Rainwater Collection

MODULE 11 Spring & Rainwater Collection

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