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(1 - 1) Image Processing (Part 1)

Here are the steps to convert an RGB image to grayscale using the luminance formula: 1. Define the luminance weights as a 1x3 matrix: weights = np.array([0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722]) 2. Multiply the image array along the last axis (color channels) by the weights: gray = image @ weights 3. The result gray is the grayscale version of the image. We can compare it to the result of skimage.color.rgb2gray to check it matches.

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Nada Fasola
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27 views

(1 - 1) Image Processing (Part 1)

Here are the steps to convert an RGB image to grayscale using the luminance formula: 1. Define the luminance weights as a 1x3 matrix: weights = np.array([0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722]) 2. Multiply the image array along the last axis (color channels) by the weights: gray = image @ weights 3. The result gray is the grayscale version of the image. We can compare it to the result of skimage.color.rgb2gray to check it matches.

Uploaded by

Nada Fasola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMAGE

PROCESSING
-Preparation-
Nada Fitrieyatul Hikmah
Requirements
• Install Python 3.6
• Scikit-image ➔ 0.15
• Numpy ➔ 1.12
• Scipy ➔ 1.0
• Matplotlib ➔ 2.1
• Jupyter Notebook ➔ 4.0
• Scikit-learn ➔ 0.18
Scikit-image
• Scikit-image is an
image processing
library that
implements
algorithms,
provides a well-
documented API in
the Python
programming
language.
Installing scikit-image
• Go to : https://scikit-image.org/
Installing SciPy
• SciPy is a Python-based
ecosystem of open-source
software for mathematics,
science, and engineering.
• Open :
https://anaconda.org/anacon
da/scipy
Installing Matplotlib
• Matplotlib is a python 2D
plotting library which
produces publication quality
figures in a variety of
hardcopy formats and
interactive environments
across platforms.
• Open :
https://anaconda.org/anaco
nda/matplotlib
Install Numpy
• Go to : https://numpy.org/install/
• The only prerequisite for NumPy is Python itself. If you don’t
have Python yet and want the simplest way to get started, we
recommend you use the Anaconda Distribution - it includes
Python, NumPy, and other commonly used packages for
scientific computing and data science.
Installing Scikit-learn
• Scikit-learn is a free software machine learning library for the Python programming language. It
features various classification, regression and clustering algorithms including support vector
machines, random forests, gradient boosting, k-means and DBSCAN, and is designed to
interoperate with the Python numerical and scientific libraries NumPy and SciPy.
• Go to : https://scikit-learn.org/stable/install.html
Image are Arrays
Nada Fitrieyatul Hikmah
Images are numpy arrays

• Images are represented in


scikit-image using standard
numpy arrays.
• The simplest image we can
make is a 2-dimestional
matrix :
“Real-world” images
Standard test image module from skimage : https://scikit-image.org/docs/dev/api/skimage.data.html

Next question is….


How we represent color arrays??
What would we need in order to
represent a color image??
Color Image
• A color image is a 3D
array, where the last
dimension has size 3
and represents the red,
green, and blue
channels.
Image just Numpy arrays
• These are just NumPy arrays. E.g., we can make a red square
by using standard array slicing and manipulation:
Displaying images using matplotlib

For more on plotting, see the Matplotlib documentation and pyplot API.
Data Types and Image Values (1)
• In literature, one finds different conventions for representing
image values:

• scikit-image supports both conventions--the choice is determined by


the data-type of the array.
Data Types and Image Values (2)
• Example 1 : I generate two valid images

The library is designed in such a way


that any data-type is allowed as input,
as long as the range is correct (0-1 for
floating point images, 0-255 for
unsigned bytes, 0-65535 for unsigned
16-bit integers).
Image I/O (1)
• Mostly, we won't be using input images from the scikit-image example
data sets. Those images are typically stored in JPEG or PNG format.
Since scikit-image operates on NumPy arrays, any image reader library
that provides arrays will do. Options include imageio, matplotlib, pillow,
etc.
• scikit-image conveniently wraps many of these in the io submodule, and
will use whichever of the libraries mentioned above are installed:
Image I/O (2)
• We also have the ability to load multiple images or multi-layer
TIFF (Tag Image File Format) images ➔is called image
collection.
Image I/O (3)
Note : Enumerate?
• Enumerate gives us each element in a container, along with its
position.
Visualizing RGB
Channels (1)
• Display the different color channels of the
image along (each as a gray-scale image).
Visualizing RGB Channels : what is color
combination?
Exercise : Convert to Grayscale
• The relative luminance of an image is the intensity of light coming
from each point. Different colors contribute differently to the
luminance: it's very hard to have a bright, pure blue, for example. So,
starting from an RGB image, the luminance is given by:

• Use Python matrix multiplication, @, to convert an RGB image to a


grayscale luminance image according to the formula above.

• Compare your results to that obtained with skimage.color.rgb2gray.

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