DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY-DASMARIÑAS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE, AND TECHNOLOGY

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PROGRAM

Applied Mathematics
Module 4

BY:
ENGR. EARL JAYSON B. ALVARAN
1.1.1. GOSPEL READING

1.1.2. TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

1.1.3. MIXTURE PROBLEMS

1.1.4. PROBLEM SOLVING EXERCISES

1.1.5. AGE PROBLEMS

1.1.6. PROBLEM SOLVING EXERCISES

1.1.7. WORK PROBLEMS

1.1.8. PROBLEM SOLVING EXERCISES

1.1.9. REFERENCES
I. GOSPEL READING

Let us put ourselves in the presence of God..

In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

Proverbs 2:6 and 10, “For the Lord gives wisdom, and from His mouth come

knowledge and understanding. For wisdom will enter your heart, and knowledge

will be pleasant to your soul”

St. John Baptist de la Salle..pray for us.. Live Jesus in our hearts..Forever.

II. TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the semester, students can:

TLO1. identify the type of problems in algebra and apply the necessary steps in

solving different types of worded problem.

TLO2. apply the applicable formulas in different problem concerning the use of

algebraic rules and theorems.

Mixture Problems

Principle
The amount of mixture times the percent of pure stuff equals the amount of pure stuff in
container.
Sample: 50 L of a mixture containing 20% acid would contain
50(0.20) = 10 L pure acid

Solution to Mixture Problems:

Analyze the mixture using pure stuff

Where: A, B, and C are the amount of mixture in each container and x, y, and z are the
percentage of pure stuff in each container. Then use the following equation:

A(x%)  B(y%) = (A  B)(z%)

Examples:

1. What weight of water must be added to 50 lb of a 45% brine solution to yield a

20% solution?
A. 61.3 lbs
B. 55.1 lbs
C. 62.5 lbs
D. 37.5 lbs
Answer: C. 62.5 lbs
Solution:
Brine solution is a mixture of salt and water.
 In this figure, A is 50 lb and x% is 45% taken from the given. B is the unknown
volume and y% is 0% since water is 0% salt. The operation is addition since water will be added
in the solution. Lastly, A+B is 50+B and z% is 20%.
From the working equation:

A(x%)  B(y%) = (A  B)(z%)

The equation becomes:
50(45%) + 𝐵(0%) = (50 + 𝐵)(20%)
50(0.45) + 𝐵(0) = (50 ∗ 0.2) + 𝐵(0.2)
22.5 + 0 = 10 + 0.2𝐵
22.5 − 10 = 0.2𝐵
12.5 = 0.2𝐵 → divide the whole equation by 0.2
𝐵 = 62.5
Therefore, the result is 62.5 lbs.

2. A 100 kg salt solution originally 4% by weight NaCl in water is evaporated until

the concentration is 5% by weight NaCl. What volume of the water in the original
solution is evaporated?
A. 20 kg
B. 12 kg
C. 78 kg
D. 100 kg
Answer: A. 20 kg
Solution:
 In this figure, A is 100 kg and x% is 4% taken from the given. B is an unknown
volume and y% is 0% since water is 0% concentration. The operation is subtraction since water
will be evaporated in the solution. Lastly, A – B is 100 - B and z% is 5%.
From the working equation:

A(x%)  B(y%) = (A  B)(z%)

The equation becomes:
100(4%) − 𝐵(0%) = (100 − 𝐵)(5%)
100(0.04) − 𝐵(0) = (100 ∗ 0.05) − 𝐵(0.05)
4 − 0 = 5 − 0.05𝐵
4 − 5 = −0.05 𝐵
−1 = −0.05𝐵 → divide the whole equation by –0.05
𝐵 = 20
Therefore, the result is 20 kg.
LEARNING ACTIVITY AND ASSESSMENT

MIXTURE PROBLEMS

SCORE
NAME: _____________________________ DATE:___________________

STUDENT NO.:______________________ EXERCISE NO.:___________

Encircle the best answer and show your complete solution.

1. How many liters of a 50% alcohol solution must be added to 60 liters of a 10%
alcohol solution to obtain a mixture which is 30% alcohol?
A. 60 liters * C. 15 liters
B. 50 liters D. 40 liters

2. How many liters of pure alcohol must be added to 40 liters of a 20% alcohol
solution to obtain a mixture which is 25% alcohol?
A. 2.67 liters * C. 2.16 liters
B. 3.17 liters D. 4.75 liters

3. A laboratory keeps two acid solutions on hand. One is 20% acid and the other is
35% acid. How many liters of distilled water should be added to a liter of 35%
acid solution in order to dilute it to 20% acid solutions?
A. 0.75 L * C. 0.25 L
B. 0.57 L D. 0.45 L

4. There is available 50 liters of a 40% solution of acid and water. What volume of
water must be added to the solution to reduce the concentration to 10%?
A. 400 C. 225
B. 100 D. 150 *
Age Problems
Principle:
➢ “Time elapsed for all people concerned are equal.”
To solve age problems, represent each condition as given in the problem by an equation giving
emphasis to the tenses (past, present or future) of the condition.
➢ Present Age: “ages now”; “at present”; “is”; “are”
➢ Past Age: “years ago”; “was at that time”; “in the last _ years”
➢ Future Age: “years from now”; “years hence”; “years after”

Words used to tell time:

o Annual = 1 year
o Biennial = 2 years
o Decade = 10 years
o Score = 20 years
o Silver = 25 years
o Gold = 50 years
o Diamond = 75 years
o Century = 100 years

Examples:

1. A man is 38 years old has a son of ten years old. In how many years will the father
be three times as old as his son?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 3
D. 5
Answer: B. 4
Solution:
Given:
Father = 38
Son = 10
 Let:
x = number of years
In the statement “In how many years will the father be three times as old as his son?”, the
working equation is:
38 + 𝑥 = 3(10 + 𝑥)
38 + 𝑥 = 30 + 3𝑥
38 − 30 = 3𝑥 − 𝑥
8 = 2𝑥
𝑥=4
Therefore, in 4 years, the Father will be 3 times as old as his Son.

2. A man is three times as old as his son. In ten years, he will be twice as old as the
son. How old is the father?
A. 25
B. 10
C. 30
D. 15
Answer: C. 30
Solution:
Let:
x = present age of the Father (Man)
y = present age of his son
In the statement “A man is three times as old as his son”, the working equation is:
𝑥 = 3𝑦 → equation 1
In ten years, Father is x + 10 and son is y + 10.
The statement “In ten years, he will be twice as old as the son”, the working equation is:
𝑥 + 10 = 2 (𝑦 + 10) → equation 2
Solving the 2 equations, 2 unknowns. Use substitution method.
By substituting 𝑥 = 3𝑦 to the 2nd equation:
3𝑦 + 10 = 2(𝑦 + 10)
3𝑦 + 10 = 2𝑦 + 20
 3𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 20 − 10
𝑦 = 10
Since y is 10, it means that the son is 10 years old. And the question “how old is the Father”,
solve the present age of the Father.
𝑥 = 3𝑦
But 𝑦 = 10
𝑥 = 3(10)
𝑥 = 30
Therefore, the present age of the Father is 30 years old.

3. Ten years ago, John was three times as old as Joy. Now he is 10 more than twice as
old as Joy. Find their present ages.
A. 60 and 20
B. 40 and 20
C. 70 and 30
D. 60 and 30
Answer: C. 70 and 30
Solution:
Let:
x = present age of John
y = present age of Joy
In the statement “Ten years ago, John was three times as old as Joy.”, the working equation
is:
𝑥 − 10 = 3(𝑦 − 10) → equation 1
At present, the statement “Now he is 10 more than twice as old as Joy”, the working
equation is:

𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 10 → equation 2
Solving the 2 equations, 2 unknowns. Use substitution method.
By substituting 𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 10 to the 1st equation:
2𝑦 + 10 − 10 = 3(𝑦 − 10)
2𝑦 = 3𝑦 − 30
 30 = 3𝑦 − 2𝑦
𝑦 = 30
Since y is 30, it means that Joy is 30 yrs old. Substitute to the 2nd equation:
𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 10
But 𝑦 = 30
𝑥 = 2(30) + 10
𝑥 = 70
Therefore, John is 70 and Joy is 30.
LEARNING ACTIVITY AND ASSESSMENT

AGE PROBLEMS

SCORE
NAME: _____________________________ DATE:___________________

STUDENT NO.:______________________ EXERCISE NO.:___________

Encircle the best answer and show your complete solution.

5. Mara is 5 years older than her sister Faye. 10 years ago, Mara was twice as old as
Faye. How old is Mara?
A. 10
B. 20 *
C. 30
D. 40
6. Ten years ago, I was three times as old as you are. In six more years, I will be
twice as old as you are. How old are you?
A. 26 *
B. 32
C. 33
D. 30
7. A man is 25 years older than his son. In 10 years he will be 10 more than twice as
old as his son. How old is the son?
A. 5 *
B. 7
C. 9
D. 10
Work Problems
Principle:

➢ If person A alone can finish a certain job in 8 days, then his rate of work per
day is:

1
Rate =   → rate analysis
8

No. of days Part of work Total finish work after n

done/day days
1 1/8 (1/8)(1) = 1/8
2 1/8 (1/8)(2) = 2/8 = 1/4
3 1/8 (1/8)(3) = 3/8
4 1/8 (1/8)(4) = 4/8 = 1/2
5 1/8 (1/8)(5) = 5/8
6 1/8 (1/8)(6) = 6/8 = 3/4
7 1/8 (1/8)(7) = 7/8
8 1/8 (1/8)(8) = 1
Therefore, A can finish the job in 8 days.

Rate  time = Work

(1/8)(8) = 1 ; 1 means 100% job done or 1 complete work.

➢ If two or more people worked together and finished the job in t days, then, the
sum of their individual rates is equal to their combined rate.

1 1 1 
 + + + ...t = 1 (complete work)
A B C 

Examples:
1. If A can finish a job in 6 days and B can finish it in 3 days, how many days can
they finish the job if they work together?
A. 1 day
B. 2 days
 C. 3 days
D. 4 days
Answer: B. 2 days
Solution:
Given:
Since A can finish the job in 6 days,
1
6
= 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴

And B can finish the job in 3 days,

1
3
= 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐵

If they work together to finish the job, the working equation will be:
1 1
( + )𝑡 = 1
6 3

Solve for t:
1
( ) 𝑡 = 1 → multiply the whole equation by 2.
2

𝑡=2
Therefore, A and B, working together, can finish the job in 2 days.

2. A and B working together can complete a job in 30 hrs. A works twice as fast as B.
How many hrs would it take A working alone can complete the job?
A. 45 hrs.
B. 20 hrs.
C. 15 hrs.
D. 8 hrs.
Answer: A. 45 hrs.
Solution:
Let:
1
𝐴
= 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 it follows that 𝐴 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑏
1
𝐵
= 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐵 it follows that 𝐵 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐵 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑗𝑜𝑏

In the statement, “A and B working together can complete a job in 30 hrs”, the working
equation is:
 1 1 1 1 1
( + ) (30) = 1 or + = → equation 1
𝐴 𝐵 𝐴 𝐵 30

In the statement, “A works twice as fast as B”, it means that the rate of A is twice the rate
of B, the working equation is:
1 1 1 2
𝐴
= 2 (𝐵) or 𝐴
=𝐵 → equation 2

By substitution:
1 2
Substitute 𝐴 = 𝐵 in equation 1:
2 1 1
+ =
𝐵 𝐵 30
3 1
𝐵
= 30 → use cross multiplication

𝐵 = 90
Since B = 90, substitute to equation 2:
1 2
=
𝐴 90
1 1
𝐴
= 45 or 𝐴 = 45

Therefore, A can finish the job in 45 hrs.

3. A pipe can fill a tank in 2 hours. A drain can empty a full tank in 6 hours. If the
pipe runs with the drain open, how long will it take to fill-up an empty tank?
A. 2.5 hrs
B. 4 hrs
C. 3 hrs
D. 3.5 hrs
Answer: C. 3 hrs
Solution:
Let:
1
2
= 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒
1
= 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
6

In the statement, “if the pipe runs with the drain open”, the output drain decreases the
rate of input pipe and the working equation will change to subtraction.
1 1
(2 − 6) 𝑡 = 1

Then solve for t:

 1
( ) 𝑡 = 1 → multiply the equation by 3
3

𝑡=3
Therefore, the tank will be filled in 3 hrs if the pipe runs with drain open.
LEARNING ACTIVITY AND ASSESSMENT

WORK PROBLEMS

SCORE
NAME: _____________________________ DATE:___________________

STUDENT NO.:______________________ EXERCISE NO.:___________

Encircle the best answer and show your complete solution.

8. A farmer can plow a certain field twice as fast as his son. Working together, it
would take them 4 days to plow the field. How long would it take the son to do it
alone?
A. 5 days
B. 11 days
C. 12 days *
D. 15 days
9. A tank can be filled by three pipes separately in 20, 30 and 40 minutes
respectively. In how many minutes can it be filled by the three pipes acting
together?
A. 10.69 mins.
B. 1.23 mins.
C. 9.23 mins. *
D. 8.19 mins.
10. A Mason can do a given job in 4 hrs. His helper can do the same job in 9 hours.
The mason begins working and after 1 hr. is joined by his helper. In how many
hrs will they complete the job?
A. 2.08 hrs. *
B. 4.87 hrs.
C. 2.65 hrs.
D. 1.97 hrs
REFERENCES

Online References
Call Reference Material
number or
e-provider
Online mathworld.wolfram.com
Online https://www.khanacademy.org
Online www.onlinemathlearning.com
Youtube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWK9XWzOFoQ
Channel
Youtube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMzCEcsd09o
Channel
Youtube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FffH4EXTW8
Channel
Youtube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YlNSQ2wnzg
Channel