Vibratory Conveyors: What are they? How Do they Work?

Types Of 03/08/23, 18:20

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Vibratory
Conveyors

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Introduction
This article will take an in-
depth look at vibratory
conveyors.

You will understand more

about topics such as:

What are vibratory

conveyors?
How vibratory conveyors
work
Considerations when
choosing vibratory
conveyors
Characteristics of
vibratory conveyors
Types of vibratory
conveyors
Advantages and
disadvantages of
vibratory conveyors
Applications of vibratory
conveyors
Maintenance tips for
vibratory conveyors
And much more.....

Chapter 1: What are Vibratory

Conveyors? How do They Work?
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What to Consider When Choosing

Them
Vibratory conveyors are material-handling equipment used to
transport fine to coarse-grained bulk materials. These
vibratory conveyors are strong conveying equipment utilized
for bulk commodities with fine to coarse graininess. Whether
these are fine gravel, powdered granules, or coarse screen,
these conveyors can transport them. If the materials are
transported horizontally, they are easily and e!ciently
transported. The suspension design is the only constraint.
High conveyance rates are especially evident when directly
contrasted with conveyor belts, which, when utilized in silos,
block with the same material pressure or degrade too soon.
Vibrating conveyors are resistant to congestion or blockages
in the conveyor channel. In most cases, they resume working
freely and unhindered. When organizing the design, it is
important to remember that they operate most e"ectively in
horizontal or incline orientation.

A vibratory conveyor's accumulation track, which can be

linear or gravity-based, helps with directional movement and
reduces conveyor vibrations. Pneumatic, electromagnetic, or
piezoelectric motors can be used as drive units to generate
the required rotation, force, and vibrations.

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A transport trough, or platform, is the first component of a

vibratory conveyor's architecture. Materials are transported
using carefully controlled linear vibrations that cause the
materials to leap, hop, and toss. Depending on design
features, travel speeds are controlled by frequency,
amplitude, and slope angle and range from a few feet per
minute to over 100 feet (30 m) per minute.

Similar to how orifices or valves control fluid flow, various

vibratory conveyors can be used to regulate material flow.
With a frame that contains soft springs to limit vibrations,
they can be configured to feed bulk materials at a fixed pace
with capacities ranging from a few pounds per hour to over
several tons per hour. Vibratory feeders have the benefit of
being able to eliminate bridging, which slows down processes
and assemblies and obstructs e"ective material flow. A
vibratory feeder's free flow reduces the potential for bridging
brought on by friction. Direct force, which sends force directly
to the deck, and indirect force, which is a resonant or natural
frequency, generate a smooth and uniform flow.

Working Principle of Vibratory Conveyors

As its name suggests, a vibratory conveyor is a mechanical
tool that uses vibration to feed and position material in
production lines. Electromagnets are used to produce
vibrations. The device transforms vibrations caused by
electromagnetic fields into mechanical vibrations. These
mechanical vibrations are then harnessed to move
components down the production line. There is a fixed
magnetic coil under the spring-mounted conveyor. An
external power source is then used to magnetize the coil to

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produce an electromagnetic actuation or vibration. The

conveyor is restricted to vertical movement once the
actuation starts due to the springs mounted to it. Typically, 1
to 6 electromagnets are positioned under the feeder base.
The components and pieces in the bowl feeder are moved
onto the bowl conveying rails for production after the
electromagnetic vibrations are translated to mechanical ones
by the vibrations.

Considerations When Choosing Vibratory

Conveyors
Establish the span the aggregate must cross, the ideal
width, and the required vibration to move the material.
For instance, a broader trough and a larger drive are
needed to transport rocks long distances. These concepts
help one decide what vibrating conveyor will work best for
their project and the appropriate drive and power
requirements.
To describe the appropriate load capacity and pieces per
minute, the user must understand what the conveyor will
move, how much must be transported, and at what pace.
Using these numbers, the supplier can determine the ideal
conveyor's approximate size, shape, and duty rating. If the
user needs clarification of these numbers, the supplier can
assist in figuring out the appropriate capacity and speed

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for that particular application.

Control and special considerations: These conveyors are
normally low-maintenance and passive, but can
incorporate control if they are a part of a larger control
system. Numerous passive options are e"ective if control
is not required. Determine any additional specifications,
such as those for foundational damping,
containment/sterile components, or hazard protection.
The supplier should share these factors with the provider
and any other significant party to guide the client towards
the best solutions.

Characteristics of a Vibratory Conveyor

It is simple to regulate the discharge capacity. For
example, using an inverter, the user may regulate the
discharge capacity (in tons/hour).
Vibratory conveyors are useful for moving various
materials, including powder, granules, blocks, and other
types.
A vibration feeder has low maintenance costs and minimal
wear-related characteristics.
A vibratory conveyor can be utilized in unique
circumstances. The vibrating feeder can be fitted with a
dust cover, liner plate, sealing portion, etc., depending on
the applicable operating conditions.
Vibratory conveyors provide dependable operation and
smooth vibration.
A vibratory conveyor’s unique grid layout can avoid
material blockage and the spacing between grids can be
altered.
Frequency converter motors are optional; you can alter

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the capacity by changing the frequency of the motor,

making it simple to regulate the feeding rate without often
starting the motor.

Electromagnetic Vibratory Conveyor by PPM Technologies

Chapter 2: Types of Vibratory

Conveyors

Standard-Duty Vibratory
Conveyors
Standard-duty vibrating conveyors are designed for medium-
to-light-density material, such as plastics, wood, porous rock,
and the like. Depending on requirements, they can be
portable and modular, with capacities ranging from 1 to 40
tons per hour at up to 60 feet per minute. These conveyors
are a dependable and secure solution for moving aggregate.
They also normally have a long lifespan and encounter little to
no wear. They are used in manufacturing polymers,
processing chemicals and food, among many other things.

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Base-Balanced Vibratory Conveyors

Base-balanced vibrating conveyors have a heavier frame
isolated from the customer's primary support structure and
operate close to resonant frequencies. Unlike the unbalanced
design, this enables the conveyor to be put on less durable
structures. In addition, the heavier frame reduces the
reaction forces generated by the dynamic motion of the
conveyor trough. The conveyor frame's reduced motion is
subsequently isolated from the nearby building.

The conveyor trough is connected to the frame using an

eccentric drive connection installed on a shaft and driven by a
belt. The springs used to fasten the trough to the frame are
commonly made of fiberglass or coil. Conveyors are set to run
at a particular speed using a number of springs, and the
eccentric drive connection regulates the amount of throw. In
addition, the conveyor's power requirements are decreased
thanks to an elastomeric coupling between the eccentric (an
electrically-mounted wheel or disk) and the trough, shielding
the connection between the two from severe loads that could
lead to failure.

Base-balanced vibratory conveyors can often be as short as

40 feet long since longer lengths cause the frame to resonate
at higher frequencies. However, these gadgets are helpful for
fluidizing, dewatering, classifying, and screening.

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This conveyor requires periodic bearing lubrication, belt

inspection, and overall unit inspection. Base-balanced
vibratory conveyors are employed in both industrial and
sanitary settings.

Unbalanced Vibratory Conveyors

Unbalanced vibratory conveyors are categorized as being
earth-grounded and are used near sources of resonant
frequency. As a result of this vibration, the conveyor must be
firmly mounted to a sturdy structure, often a concrete slab
provided by the customer that is thick enough to withstand
the reaction forces generated by the conveyor trough's
dynamic motion.

Several springs, normally made of fiberglass or coil, mount

the trough to the anchored frame. A belt-driven, shaft-
mounted eccentric drive connection then operates the
conveyor trough. Conveyors are set to run at a particular
speed based on the number of springs, and the eccentric
drive connection regulates the amount of throw. In addition,
the conveyor's power requirements are decreased thanks to
an elastomeric coupling between the eccentric and the
trough, shielding the connection between the two from
severe loads that could lead to failure.

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Unbalanced vibratory conveyors can extend beyond 100 feet

in length if a suitable mounting structure is provided. These
gadgets are helpful for fluidizing, dewatering, classifying, and
screening. This conveyor requires periodic bearing
lubrication, belt inspection, and overall unit inspection.
Industrial applications often employ unbalanced vibratory
conveyors.

Horizontal Vibratory Conveyor by PPM Technologies

Dynamically-Balanced Vibratory Conveyors

Dynamically balanced vibrating conveyors are a type of
conveyor with an equal mass running close to the resonant
frequency. Unlike the unbalanced design, this enables the
conveyor to be put on less durable structures. In addition,
their heavier frame reduces the reaction forces generated by
the dynamic motion of the conveyor trough. The conveyor
frame's reduced motion is subsequently isolated from a
nearby building.

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The conveyor trough is connected to the frame using an

eccentric drive connection installed on a shaft and driven by a
belt. The springs used to fasten the trough to the frame are
commonly made of fiberglass or coil. Conveyors are set to run
at a particular speed using the number of springs, and the
eccentric drive connection regulates the amount of throw. In
addition, the conveyor's power requirements are decreased
thanks to an elastomeric coupling between the eccentric and
the trough, shielding the connection between the two from
severe loads that could lead to failure.

Base-balanced vibratory conveyors can often be as little as 40

feet long since longer lengths cause the frame to resonate at
higher frequencies. Nevertheless, these gadgets are helpful
for fluidizing, dewatering, classifying, and screening.

This conveyor requires periodic bearing lubrication, belt

inspection, and overall unit inspection.

Base-balanced vibratory conveyors are employed in both

industrial and sanitary settings.

Feeder Vibratory Conveyors

The feeder-style vibrating conveyor is the most basic type of
vibrating conveyor. It is a brute-force conveyor that doesn't
need to be tuned and has almost no exterior working

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components. A series of brute force-style vibratory feeders

are available for sanitary and commercial applications.
Trough lengths are typically 12 feet or fewer, and the general
uses are for regulated feeding from a storage vessel situated
above the unit. The width of a trough can vary from 4 inches
to several feet. Sizes are chosen for each application.

Dual eccentric motors that are connected to a conveying

trough power this style of a vibratory conveyor. To only allow
trough motion in the conveying direction, these motors are
parallel mounted and coupled to the trough at a specific pitch
angle. In addition, coil spring isolators are used to support the
troughs to lessen vibration transfer into the supports for the
conveyor.

The velocity of the product flowing down the conveyor trough

can be adjusted using a variable-frequency drive to regulate
the speed of the eccentric motors, metering the amount of
product supplied to the next location. Setting the eccentric
weight force on the motors allows users to change the
conveyor's maximum throw to whatever they want. In
addition, the user now has the option to regulate the rate at
which materials are fed into their process line via hoppers or
overhead bins. Manual or automated motor control can
change flow rates from 0 feet to 60 feet per minute.

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These conveyors are exceptionally sanitary, safe, trustworthy,

and a"ordable, thanks to their straightforward design and
use. Fewer cracks and crevices that could trap dirt and open
building techniques make cleaning easier. Standard sealed
exciter motors are permanently lubricated. Units need to be
inspected occasionally to ensure they run under design
requirements. Finally, this conveyor type can also be set up as
a shaking table configuration for leveling products in
containers before sealing.

Coil spring isolators support these brute-force feeder-style

conveyors to lessen any residual vibration that may enter the
nearby support structure. Coil spring isolators can be hung
above or below based on customer needs.

Centrifugal Vibratory Conveyors

Centrifugal vibratory conveyors, also called rotary feeders,
feature a revolving bowl that propels pieces outward. They
have bowl-shaped walls enclosing a conical, centrally
powered rotor. Rotational force separates parts and
components as the feeder spins. The rotating components
are pushed and dragged toward the bowl's outside rim as
they rotate quickly.

Centrifugal feeder systems are used in industries including

food processing, pharmaceuticals, and medical supply that
deal with small, oddly-shaped parts that need to be handled
quickly. Regardless of the size and shape of the components,
centrifugal bowl feeders can sort and appropriately orient
them at a pace of 3,000 per minute.

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Natural-Frequency Vibratory Conveyors

Two or more spring-connected masses are used in natural-
frequency vibratory feeders, commonly referred to as “tuned”
or “resonant” feeders. The two-mass, spring-connected
vibratory system is the most popular. The response or
excitation mass has a separate mass from the trough mass.
The natural frequency feeder uses the oscillations' inherent
magnification, which happens when the system is run at
speed close to its natural frequency or resonance state. As a
result, only a minimal force is needed to produce the
appropriate vibratory forces. In addition, rotating
electromagnets or eccentric weights help produce vibratory
force.

The bulk's damping capability must be considered more than

the weight of the material or load. The material's ability to
absorb energy produces the damping e"ect (a decrease in
the amplitude of an oscillation). For example, when vibrating,
granular and powdered materials lose energy through
intergranular friction and deformation.

Vibratory feeders are divided into several categories

according to how they respond to the supporting structures
and foundations. The structure's rigidity and permissible
stresses must be considered when choosing a vibratory
feeder.

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Oscillating Conveyors
Conveyor manufacturers like to categorize some of their
products as oscillating conveyors. Oscillating conveyors are
sometimes referred to as a particular kind of vibrating
conveyor that uses a lower operating frequency and a bigger
motion amplitude than is generally used with other vibrating
conveyors. As a result, oscillating conveyors transport bulk
items in sectors including waste management, recycling, and
the timber industry. For instance, these conveyors could be
used to move the wood waste from an upstream system to a
point where it would be discharged. The motion or movement
of the material is gentler with a vibrating conveyor than with
an oscillating conveyor, which operates at higher frequencies
and lower amplitudes. Oscillating conveyors are also called
jump conveyors in quarrying applications and grasshopper
conveyors in hard rock mining applications.

Heavy-Duty Vibratory Conveyors

Heavy-duty vibratory conveyors are often utilized for rock,

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metal, and bulk quantities of heavy products since they are

designed to move bigger, more awkward commodities that
need tremendous power and speed. They are commonly
installed units with capacities surpassing 500 tons per hour
and speeds up to 90 feet per minute. These foundation
supports include dampers, dashpots, and stands. Motors
frequently control heavy-duty vibratory conveyors; more
power is needed for heavy-duty vibrating conveyors than for
normal-duty vibrating conveyors. Therefore, they are utilized
in large-scale industries such as foundries, industrial
manufacturing, lumber, rubber, etc.

Brute-Force Vibratory Feeders

Because the vibratory drive is coupled directly to the trough
assembly, a brute-force vibratory feeder is called a single-
mass system. Typically, they are employed in heavy-duty
applications. Although an electromagnetic drive system is an
option, electromechanical drives are the most common.
Brute-force feeders rotate a large centrifugal counterweight
to produce oscillating forces. Brute-force feeders have the
most straightforward design of all vibratory feeders. However,
their feed-rate regulation and range are constrained because
they are intended to be constant-rate feeders. The feed rate
can be a"ected by altering the trough slope, aperture,
quantity of counterweight, and stroke length. Since the
trough stroke is only marginally dependent on the motor's
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operating speed, variable-speed drives are rarely fitted. For

brute-force feeders, tuning the motor speed is not necessary.

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Leading Vibratory Conveyor

Manufacturers and Companies

Eriez

Rodix,
Inc.

PPM
Technologies
Holdings,
LLC

Fastfeed
Corporation

QSI
Automation,
Inc.

Chapter 3: Advantages,
Disadvantages, Applications, and
Maintenance of Vibratory

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Conveyors
Advantages of Vibratory Conveyors
Regulating the flow of material for spreading across
inspection belts or filling containers: The same time-saving
benefits of easy cleanup and reduced wear is also present
in a vibratory conveyor, which also uses an
electromagnetic drive to control material flow. This flow
control is very helpful in recycling when trying to control
flow or fill a container to a specific weight. Instantaneous
stop/start control and the flexibility to slow down or speed
up product flow enable adaptability in feeding various
materials, as is frequently the case with recycling
processes. In addition, these features enable accuracy in
precision-filling applications.
Dewatering and size-based material separation are
typically required to distinguish between waste and
recyclable materials. A linear vibratory screen e"ectively
separates material by size while feeding it into the
conveyor. To police the material and separate the useful
product from anything that needs further processing, this
is frequently used to separate dust from useful materials
or eliminate large parts from the bulk product. In addition,
a dewatering screen is used to tackle the issue of liquid
residue in bottle cases, especially glass or plastic cases.
Vibrating machinery can separate the liquid from the
material by running the glass or plastic over a screen. The
liquid drains out to a designated area, and the material
flows onward for additional processing or into a container.
This approach is practical and e!cient, and attention has
been paid to the vibrating screens' design to make

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cleanup simple.
One of the most frequent requirements in the recycling
sector is the e"ective movement of materials and
transportation of those resources between two places. A
vibratory conveyor is powered by dual vibrator motor
drives and is an e"ective high-volume conveying solution
with little power usage. Since there are no spots where
material could become stranded, and the conveying
trough does not rapidly wear out, vibrating conveyors do
not need routine maintenance as belt conveyors do.
Additionally, cleaning up is simple, cutting down on
wasted time in this field that values e!ciency.
Compressing materials to smooth out peaks and fill can be
challenging when filling bulk bags or IBC (intermediate
bulk containers) containers with recycled plastic, glass, or
metal materials. The uneven portions can start to "cone"
and form a peak at the top and frequently stack on top of
one another rather than spreading out to the container's
corners. A vibrating table can compact the material,
promoting a movement towards the container's corners
and leveling out the peaked material at the top of the bag.
This vibration will ensure filling capacity and bag stability.
In addition, low-level vibratory tables are close to the
ground. Therefore, they can be made to fit already-
existing filling setups because container-filling problems
are typically discovered before hopper additions.
Vibratory containers have no moving parts and are simple
to clean. Due to their lack of moving parts, vibratory
conveyors are easier to clean and require less
maintenance than other mechanical conveyors.
Vibratory conveyors feature horsepower requirements
that are energy e!cient. Vibrating conveyors only need a

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little horsepower to transport goods. Lower horsepower

results in improved energy e!ciency and lower running
expenses.
Super-quiet operation: A further advantage of the low
horsepower is the operation's resulting low noise level,
which frequently ranges between 60 and 75 A-weighted
decibels (dBA).
Vibratory conveyors feature a strong and maintenance-
free design. The robust design enables continuous
operation while guarding against spills and leaks that
would otherwise need repair and downtime.
There is less need for spare components with vibratory
conveyors than with other conveyors.
Vibratory conveyors usually require little energy use (as
low as 14p per hour).
Vibratory conveyors’ e!ciency leads to increased
productivity.
Vibratory conveyors include gentle-start possibilities.
Vibratory conveyors are programmable with a PLC
interface.
Vibratory conveyors o"er choices for variable speeds that
provide complete control of processing rates.

Disadvantages of Vibratory Conveyors

Vibratory conveyors are an expensive investment.
Vibratory conveyors can create “excessive” noise; sound-
reduction devices are available at an additional expense.
One must carefully study which vibratory conveyor is most
suitable for their specific application.

Industries Where Vibratory Conveyors are

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Utilized
There are several applications for vibratory conveyors in
the agriculture sector. First, they are employed in
procedures that prepare vegetables, fruits, and other
agricultural products for packaging and shipment to
retailers or other processing facilities. In addition, these
conveyors are successfully utilized to load large parcels of
agricultural products into vehicles so they can be delivered
to their intended location. Additionally, vibratory
conveyors help process, dry, and store agricultural
products very e"ectively. Vibratory conveyors are used for
feeding livestock and moving and processing sugar,
tobacco, fertilizer, and fruits. These conveyor belts reduce
an agricultural-based facility’s workforce and help
decrease operating costs.
These belts make it simple to synchronize agricultural
procedures. They handle the methodical materials
expertly and produce great turnaround time. These
agricultural conveyor belts are created specifically to meet
the demands of the industry. As a result, they are both
e!cient and cost-e"ective. In addition, they are capable of
adapting to any temperature. As a result, various conveyor
belts are employed in agricultural applications.

Mining Industry: Through various phases of the mining

cycle, ores, concentrates, and tailings are transported
using vibratory conveyors. Vibratory conveyors move

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commodities to stockpiles and ore to feed processing

facilities. Depending on the type of mine, conveyors can
run for short distances or long distances, such as those
used for deep mines or underground activities. The
material to be carried and the needed capacity, among
other things, a"ect the vibratory conveyor belts' width.
Carry-back and spillage of material, noise, and vibration
are a few issues associated with vibratory conveyor
systems in mining applications. One must maintain these
conveyor systems for mining operations to be highly
e!cient, e"ective, and productive.

Chemical Industry: Vibratory conveyors transport

fertilizers and chemical powders to make di"erent
products like detergents.
Food Industry: The use of vibratory conveyors in the food
sector is always significant since they impact how quickly
items are transported for cooking. Di"erent conveyor
belts are needed for di"erent foods, such as
confectionery, baking, dough processing, meat, poultry
processing, etc., to transport them from one location to
another more e"ectively and e!ciently. In addition,
conveyor belts need to be cleaned and sterilized since
they come into direct contact with the food that needs to
be conveyed. Therefore, always keep a vibratory
conveyor’s ability to be easily cleaned in mind when
selecting the appropriate conveyor belt within the food

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industry to ensure that the food's quality is maintained

and that there are no losses from contamination. The food
industry has always been known for its high standards of
quality. Thus, it is important to take great care and
precaution when selecting any equipment used in
producing or near food.

Maintenance Tips for Vibratory Conveyors

Constant vibration can occasionally cause bolts to become
loose in places where they clearly shouldn't be, which
could mean they need to be held to the proper tolerances.
Valuable energy is being wasted on making rattling noises
rather than driving parts when vibrations occur.
Vibrations cause bowl components that would otherwise
be fixed together to rub against each other, causing
premature wear and tear.Ensure the system is secure on
the surface: A vibratory feeder is designed to function on a
level surface, most frequently a heavy weldment or floor.
Therefore, ensure the system is level and evenly secured
to the floor/weldment. In addition, check that each leveling
foot on the feed system support structure is firmly and
evenly contacting the ground, if it has any contact. To get
the best performance, leveling feet should be adjusted to
bring the system as close to level as feasible.
Check the tightness of each bolt on the vibratory feeder:
Test each bolt for tightness; start at the feeder bowls and
vibratory inline drive units to ensure that the feed system
is locked together as intended.
The vibratory conveyor should be equipped with electrical
protection measures.
Check the anchor bolts at least once daily during the

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equipment's initial operation to prevent loosening.

Replace the lithium-based grease and oil the motor
thoroughly every two weeks. Add the required amount of
lithium-based grease through the oil cup while refueling.
An oil cup is not included on the motor when employing
sealed bearings.
Grease nipples are present on the running parts, such as
the bearing seat and tie rod bearing seat. Therefore, each
operating shift should include the injection of lithium- or
calcium-based grease to ensure lubrication and normal
operation of the moving parts.
The vibration conveyor should have its bearings checked
after 1500 hours of operation, and if there is substantial
damage, it should be changed immediately.
When an operator notices an anomaly in their work, they
should check and stop as soon as possible to fix the
problem.

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Vibratory Conveyors: What are they? How Do they Work? Types Of 03/08/23, 18:20

Leading Vibratory Conveyor

Manufacturers and Companies

Eriez

Rodix,
Inc.

PPM
Technologies
Holdings,
LLC

Fastfeed
Corporation

QSI
Automation,
Inc.

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Vibratory Conveyors: What are they? How Do they Work? Types Of 03/08/23, 18:20

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