BARUA CIVIC CENTER

By

Anika Zahin Siddiqa

16308007

A thesis submitted to the Department of Architecture

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Architecture

Department of Architecture
Brac University
January, 2022

© 2022. Brac University

All rights reserved.
Declaration

It is hereby declared that

1. The thesis submitted is my/our own original work while completing degree at Brac

University.

2. The thesis does not contain material previously published or written by a third party, except

where this is appropriately cited through full and accurate referencing.

3. The thesis does not contain material which has been accepted, or submitted, for any other

degree or diploma at a university or other institution.

4. I/We have acknowledged all main sources of help.

Student’s Full Name & Signature:

ANIKA ZAHIN SIDDIQA

16308007

ii
Approval

The thesis/project titled “Barua Civic Center” submitted by

[Anika Zahin Siddiqa (16308007)]
Of Fall, 2021 has been accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of the requirement for
the Bachelor of Architecture degree on [11-01-2022].

Examining Committee:

Supervisor:
_______________________________
(Member)
Mohammad Habib Reza, PhD
Associate Professor,
Department of Architecture

Supervisor:
_______________________________
(Member)
MD. Samiur Rahman Bhuiyan
Lecturer,
Department of Architecture

Departmental Chairperson:
_______________________________
(Chair)
Zainab Faruqui Ali, PhD
Professor,
Department of Architecture

iii
Abstract

Bangladesh is yet to establish a formally designed civic center even though the country has

developed many informally developed civic spaces along various cultural corridors that

informally work a civic center. These informal civic centers give these specific areas their

own unique identities. As of recently, various competitions are being held to design formal

civic centers in high density development areas such as Gulshan. The focus of these civic

centers is mainly to enrich the experiences of the users while filling the vacuum for even

more dense developments. Aside from these high-density areas in Dhaka, there are semi

urban areas on the fringes of newer growths that will also require such civic projects. Civic

centers can enrich the surrounding neighborhood and provide positive influence on

communities. The proposed project is set in a much more of a contrasting environment to

Gulshan where high density developments are yet to crop up. Multiple factors such as the

landscape, waterbody and the possible newer developments have been taken into

consideration to create a harmonious civic space that offers a varied level of experiences in

the civic center while keeping nature intact.

Keywords: Barua; Civic; Convention; Commercial

iv
Acknowledgement

First and foremost, I want to express my gratitude to the Almighty, for giving me the strength

and patience to complete my thesis. Secondly, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my

family who have offered my support and encouragement the let to completion of this thesis.

I would like to thank my instructor MD. Samiur Rahman Bhuiyan for his guidance and

suggestions during my study phase. I am extremely indebted towards my studio instructor Dr.

Mohammad Habib Reza due to his continuous guidance in the design phase and his firm belief

in my abilities. I could not have asked for a better mentor for my last design studio.

I want to thank my two closest friends Rafa Mashiyat Zahid and Adhora Ifrit Wahida, for their

constant support during my hardest times. I will forever be obliged for their incessant support

and making me pull through.

Special thanks to Arman Ahmed and Arighna Siddiq for your support despite your busy

schedules in the end.

v
Table of Contents

Declaration................................................................................................................................ii

Approval ................................................................................................................................. iii

Abstract .................................................................................................................................... iv

Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................... v

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... vi

List of Figures ....................................................................................................................... viii

List of Acronyms ..................................................................................................................... xi

Chapter 1:Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction to the Project ....................................................................................... 1

1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Project ........................................................................... 2

1.3 Project Summary ...................................................................................................... 2

Chapter 2: Literature Review ................................................................................................. 5

2.1 Origins of Civic Center ........................................................................................... 5

2.2 Civic Architecture ................................................................................................. 12

2.3 Components of Civic Center ................................................................................. 13

2.4 Culture of Bangladesh at a Glance ........................................................................ 15

2.5 Development of Dhaka ......................................................................................... 15

Chapter 3: Site Appraisal...................................................................................................... 21

3.1 Culture and Community......................................................................................... 21

3.2 Landscape .............................................................................................................. 28

vi
 3.3 Movement and Infrastructure ................................................................................. 33

3.4 Site Photos ............................................................................................................. 35

Chapter 4: Case Study Appraisal ......................................................................................... 37

4.1 Our Tampines Hub, Singapore .............................................................................. 37

4.2 Sunnyvale Civic Center, San Francisco, USA ....................................................... 46

4.3 Bangabandhu International Conference Center, Dhaka......................................... 52

Chapter 5: Program Appraisal ............................................................................................. 59

5.1 Proposed Program from Client .............................................................................. 59

Chapter 6: Design Considerations........................................................................................ 64

6.1 Geographic and Climatic Considerations .............................................................. 64

6.2 Horizontal Layout .................................................................................................. 65

6.3 Promotion of Human Activity ............................................................................... 65

6.4 Functional Zoning .................................................................................................. 66

Chapter 7: Design Suggestions ............................................................................................. 67

7.1 Concept .................................................................................................................. 67

7.2 Form Generation .................................................................................................... 68

7.3 Floor Plans ............................................................................................................. 71

7.4 Elevations and Sections ......................................................................................... 76

7.5 Renders .................................................................................................................. 77

References ............................................................................................................................... 81

vii
 List of Figures

Figure 2.1.A: Map of the Acropolis of Athens .......................................................................... 6

Figure 2.1.B: Acropolis of Athens ............................................................................................. 8

Figure 2.1.C: A detailed archaelogical layout of the Forum...................................................... 9

Figure 2.1.D: Seven Hills of Rome .......................................................................................... 10

Figure 2.1.E & 2.1.F: Basilica Aemilia ................................................................................... 11

Figure 2.1.G & 2.1.H: Basilica Julia ....................................................................................... 11

Figure 2.3.A: Challenges of Designing a Civic Center ........................................................... 13

Figure 2.3.B: Key Thoughts to Designing a Civic Center ....................................................... 14

Figure 2.3.C: Design for the EtobicokE Civic Center ............................................................. 14

Figure 2.5.A: Population Distribution and Density in Different Regions in 2015 .................. 16

Figure 2.5.B: Key Urban Growth Direction 2035 ................................................................... 18

Figure 2.5.C: Key Urban Growth Direction 2035 ................................................................... 19

Figure 2.5.D: MRT 1 Stations.................................................................................................. 20

Figure 3.1.A: Dhaka in context of Bangladesh ........................................................................ 21

Figure 3.1.B: Location and Administration Map of Dhaka ..................................................... 22

Figure 3.1.C: Khilkhet Thana .................................................................................................. 22

Figure 3.1.D: FOREST Township Site, Jamuna Group .......................................................... 23

Figure 3.1.E: Concept Diagram of Transit Oriented Developement ....................................... 24

Figure 3.1.F: Concept Diagram of Block Based Housing ....................................................... 24

Figure 3.1.G: Existing site of Barua and future site of Forest Township, Jamuna Group ....... 25

Figure 3.1.H: Land Use Map ................................................................................................... 26

Figure 3.1.I: Khilkhet Statistics ............................................................................................... 27

Figure 3.2.A: Vegetation Map ................................................................................................. 28

viii
Figure 3.2.B: Average Temperature for Khilkhet .................................................................... 29

Figure 3.2.C: 12 Hourly Temperature for Khilkhet ................................................................. 29

Figure 3.2.D: Humidity Comfort Level for Khilkhet .............................................................. 30

Figure 3.2.E: Average Precipitation for Khilkhet .................................................................... 30

Figure 3.2.F: Wind Direction in Dhaka ................................................................................... 31

Figure 3.2.G: Wind Direction in Dhaka................................................................................... 31

Figure 3.2.H: Cloudy, Sunny, Precipitation Days in Dhaka .................................................... 32

Figure 3.2.I: Cloudy, Sunny, Precipitation Days in Dhaka ..................................................... 32

Figure 3.3.A: Accessibility Map .............................................................................................. 33

Figure 3.3.B: Landmark Map................................................................................................... 34

Figure 3.4.A: Site Entry and Existing Structure at the Opposite Direction of the Site ........... 35

Figure 3.4.B: Views at the West and East of Site Entry .......................................................... 35

Figure 3.4.C: View from the existing bridge at East of Site .................................................... 36

Figure 3.4.D: View from the existing bridge at South of Site ................................................. 36

Figure 4.1.A: Our Tampines Hub ............................................................................................ 37

Figure 4.1.B: Land Use Pattern around Our Tampines Hub.................................................... 38

Figure 4.1.C: Connectivity, Our Tampines Hub ...................................................................... 39

Figure 4.1.D: A sketch that shows the spatial organisation as interlocked volumes ............... 40

Figure 4.1.E: Collaboration of many programs ....................................................................... 40

Figure 4.1.F: Various Community Spaces in Section .............................................................. 41

Figure 4.1.G: Relationship between programs and interlocking volumes ............................... 41

Figure 4.1.H: Connectivity within volumes............................................................................. 42

Figure 4.1.I: Porosity of the development ............................................................................... 42

Figure 4.1.J:Ventilation ........................................................................................................... 43

Figure 4.1.K: Large Diameter Fans ......................................................................................... 43

ix
Figure 4.1.L: Daylight Utilisation............................................................................................ 44

Figure 4.1.M: ETFE Roof ........................................................................................................ 44

Figure 4.1.N: Sustainable Technologies .................................................................................. 45

Figure 4.2.A: Sunnyvale Civic Center ..................................................................................... 46

Figure 4.2.B: Sunnyvale Civic Center in a greater context ..................................................... 47

Figure 4.2.C: Site Context of Sunnyvale Civic Center ............................................................ 48

Figure 4.2.D: Design Development ......................................................................................... 49

Figure 4.2.E: Concept Developement ...................................................................................... 50

Figure 4.2.F: Final Masterplan................................................................................................. 50

Figure 4.2.G: Demonstration of the Civic Plazas .................................................................... 51

Figure 4.3.A: BICC .................................................................................................................. 52

Figure 4.3.B: BICC map .......................................................................................................... 53

Figure 4.3.C: BICC Ground Floor Plan ................................................................................... 54

Figure 4.3.D: BICC First Floor Plan ........................................................................................ 54

Figure 4.3.E: Various venues of BICC .................................................................................... 56

Figure 4.3.F: Hall of Fame, BICC ........................................................................................... 57

Figure 4.3.G: Milky Way, BICC ............................................................................................. 57

Figure 4.3.H: Hall of Fame Lobby, BICC ............................................................................... 58

Figure 6.1: Water retention canal growth over a period of 20 years ....................................... 64

Figure 6.2: Site Section showing staggering of masses ........................................................... 65

Figure 6.3: Possible Zoning ..................................................................................................... 66

x
List of Acronyms

DMA Dhaka Metropolitan Area

DMR Dhaka Metropolitan Region

UPA Urban Promotion Area

UCA Urban Control Area

GMA Growth Management Area

DTCA Dhaka Transport Co-ordination Authority

MRT Mass Rapid Transport

TOD Transit-Oriented Development

OTH Our Tampines Hub

BICC Bangabandhu International Conference Centre

BRT Bus Rapid Transport

BRT Bus Rapid Transport

xi
Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Introduction to the Project

Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh. It contains one of the highest concentrations of

population in the world. From the approach of 21st century, there has been significant growth

for Dhaka city in economy and urbanization. Land is used very efficiently in Dhaka as

compared to other major Metropolises. However, it is apparent that urban facilities in Dhaka

are not this city's strongest pursuit. As such, it becomes quite hard for a new comer to the city

to understand from where one should start to explore the city. While there are many noteworthy

cultural corridors and public establishments, with the growing urban population, there is a need

for a certain control on the urban development in order to make the city livable as well

as humanize cities with civic spaces. For city dwellers and tourists alike, the city has many

urban issues fundamental to any dweller that are not served amongst Dhaka’s constant growth.

Furthermore, this city has plenty of varied forms of urban activities that are full of life but not

many civic centers that could play a better role for such activities. Thus, there arises the need

to establish such centers to showcase the lively and democratic spirit of various communities

living in Dhaka.

According to Britannica online dictionary, a civic center is “grouping of municipal facilities

into a limited precinct often adjacent to the central business district. In smaller cities the civic

center is sometimes combined with the cultural center.”

Jamuna, is one of the largest and most prominent conglomerates in Bangladesh. It plans to

develop a mega township “FOREST Township” in Barua situated at the fringe of 300 feet road

in the near future. As stated in the “Land Development Act” by laws of the state, a township
must have certain facilities to cater to its inhabitants. Therefore, a civic center is a crucial part

for developing a mega township of such scale. It can aid in better exploration of cities as well

as create a unique identity for the township. Due to the nature of the future township, the site

is effectively located at the end of the main road i.e., the spine that will act as a major

congregation point at the end of the spine of the township.

Dhaka barely has any properly designed civic center. At present, due to increased urban growth

the population of Dhaka as of 2020 stands at 21 million. While there has been rapid growth,

there has been an increased number of urban issues which may be solved through developing

civic centers. The Barua Civic Center which is situated to the right of Hazrat Shahjalal Airport

neighboring Lake City, Concord could become a prominent gathering space for the Dhaka city.

This project can address the surrounding context and serve the needs of the massive population

that will be moving into this township with ease and become a natural place for neighboring

townships to create gathering and offer more civic services to these people. Moreover, this can

build to mutual support from neighboring communities. There is a wide range of cultural

activities that take place in the Bengali Culture that can be celebrated in this civic center. This

center could serve as a hub for filling in the missing links as a robust network of partnerships

can be built through a successful civic center. To sum up, this could serve as a model example

of an urban project for future development of the greater Dhaka city.

2
1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Project

The first objective is to understand and establish the importance of civic center in a Mega

Township and then assess it in the greater context of Dhaka. Thus, the aim will be to design a

civic center that will be able to accommodate civic functions as well as responds to its urban

context.

The project shall also aim to design public spaces that will serve both the township’s

community and the neighboring communities.

1.3 Project Summary

Name of the Project: Barua Civic Center

Implementer of the Project: Jamuna Group

Location: Barua, Dhaka

Site area available for the Project Development: 8.9 acres

Proposed built-up area of the Project: acres

Proposed Program of the Project:

• Convention & Conference Center

o Banquet Hall

o Auditorium

o Conference Facilities

3
• Commercial Offices

• Administrative Offices

• Shopping Complex

o Food Court

• Supermarket

• Art Gallery

o Exhibition Hall

• Public Plaza

o Amphitheater

• Ancillary Facilities

4
Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1. Origins of Civic Center

The definitive base of a civic center is from the Hellenistic concept of an acropolis and in the

Roman idea of a forum. The idea of a central location for municipal functions had started

becoming popular form these architectural examples. Therefore, we shall be looking at the

architecture and functions of these origins to develop an idea of the nature of these prominent

architectural establishments.

2.1.1 Acropolis of Athens

In Greek, Acropolis means the highest point. The Acropolis of Athens is a sanctuary

dedicated to Goddess Athena from the 5th century B.C. which is the accurate representation

of its peak time. Starting off initially as a citadel, a fortification wall was built around the city

in 13th century during Mycenean Kingdom while Acropolis was established in 8th Century. In

mid-5th century, Acropolis turned into the seat of the Athenian League and at the time,

Athens was its greatest cultural center. During the Hellenistic Period and Roman Period in 3rd

century, the acropolis functioned as a citadel. Throughout Latin period the Acropolis

functioned as the city’s administrative center. After 1687 and subsequent years, the Acropolis

became a site of massive human activity with many Byzantines, Frankish and Ottoman

structures (Venieri, 2012).

The Acropolis of Athens measures approximately 170 by 350m. On this hill, the popular

theories of democracy, philosophy, theater, freedom of expression and speech. Furthermore,

it is proof of the triumphs of Classical Greek politicians who paved the way to the formation

of democracy as well as Athenian philosophers such as Socrates, Plato known to be

fundamental figures in human history (UNESCO, 1987).

5
 Figure 2.1.A: Map of the Acropolis of Athens

Source-Retrieved from https://mapcollection.wordpress.com/2012/06/14/map-of-the-acropolis-of-

The important civic buildings of the acropolis are as follows:

1)Parthenon: It is a former temple

dedicated to the goddess Athena from

Greek mythology and religion that was

constructed after the Greek’s victory over

the Persians and it is viewed as a symbol

of democracy. Over time it has had many

uses such as: the city treasury of the Athenian Empire, a Christian church, a mosque in the

1460s after the Ottoman conquest. At present it has become a popular tourist attraction.

6
 2) Odeon of Herodes Atticus: An

Odeon is an ancient Greek building

made for musical activities. The

Odeon of Herodes Atticus is a Roman

theater structure that is located on the

southwest slope of the Acropolis of

Athens which was completed it 161

AD with a capacity of 5000. Till this day, it is a significant theater and holds major festivals,

orchestras and other cultural activities.

3) Stoa of Eumenes: A stoa is a covered walkway

or portico in Greek architecture and is most

common for public use. Usually, it served as a

refuge for the spectators in severe weather

conditions or as stores for theatre props. The Stoa

of Eumenes is a Hellenistic two storied colonnade

built on the south slope of Athens which lies between the Theater of Dinysus and the Odeon

of Herodes Atticus.

4) Theater of Dionysus: It is an ancient Greek

theater in Athens built on the south slope of

acropolis Hill. It was fully constructed in 4th

century with a capacity of up to 17,000 and

remained in use until Roman period. It hosted

major cultural festivals and orchestra and at

present still does.

7
5) Odeon of Pericles: It is an odeon(building for musical activities) built at the southeastern

foot of Acropolis next to the entrance to the Theater of Dionysus. It is adorned with stone

pillars and is square instead of the usual circular shape for an odeon (Lefantzis et al., 2006).

Figure 2.2.B: Acropolis of Athens

Source-Retrieved from http://www.theculturemap.com/athens-guide-ancient-momuments-history-lovers/acropolis-athens-map-travel-guide/

8
2.1.2 Roman Forum

In Latin, known as the Forum Romanum, the Roman Forum is a large rectangular public

place that is surrounded by important government buildings in earlier times in Rome.

Inhabitants of that time would denote it as a marketplace.

The development of the Forum had advanced slowly, naturally little by little over hundreds of

years. It served as the center for everyday life in Rome for events such as triumphal

processions and elections, public speeches, criminal trials, gladiator matches and the core of

commercial affairs (Michael, 1970). Furthermore, it is well known for being the most

distinguished place in the world’s history. Various statues and monuments had been

established around the forum overtime to memorialize great men recognized by the city. The

forum is located in the valley between Palatine and Capitoline Hills that now attracts 4.5

million tourists annually.

Figure 2.3.C: A detailed archaeological layout of the Forum

Source-Retrieved from https://accademia.stanford.edu/forma-urbis/dig-in-rome/

9
 Figure 2.4.D: Seven hills of Rome

Source-Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/roman/x7e914f5b:beginner-guides-to-roman-

architecture/a/forum-romanum-the-roman-forum

In the beginning the procession towards the forum had been a marshy lake where the

surrounding hills would drain into. It was used originally as a cemetery but due to the need of

a communal space, in 7th century BC it had been repurposed to allow for human activity and

natural environment. In addition, this would also allow for drainage. After this, a vaulted

covering had been made that was known as Cloaca Maxima, from which an important

outcome was that this had now created a functional space that was now also a highlight for

civic activities. Over the course of a millennium, Roman art, law and religion were practiced

here and exuded through Europe and beyond. Temples would be the first buildings in the

forum that were followed by the construction of public buildings. As a result, it became the

political nucleus of the city.

10
 Figure 2.5.E & 2.1.F: Basilica Aemilia; current state on the left and visualization on the right

Source-Retrieved from https://structurae.net/en/structures/basilica-aemilia and http://www.digitales-forum-romanum.de/gebaeude/basilica-

paulli/?lang=en

Initially, Marcus Porcius Cato established basilicas (large. Aisled halls) to the Forum in 184

BC which lead to memorialization of the space. The Bailica Fulvia, later renamed to Basilica

Aemilia was built on the northern side of the Forum in 179 BC.The traditional Rome was

founded in 753 BC. Oriented longitudinally northwest to southeast, the Forum stretched from

the base of the Capitoline Hill to the Veilan Hill. Throughout the Imperial period, the Forum

final form would be defined by the Basilica Aemilia situated on the north and the Basilica

Julia on the south.

Figure 2.6.G & 2.1.H: Basilica Julia; current state on the left and visualization on the right

Source-Retrieved from https://maitaly.wordpress.com/tag/basilica-julia/ and https://www.teggelaar.com/en/rome-day-3-continuation-2/

11
The massive Tabularium that served as the Records Hall was erected towards the Capitoline

end of the Forum under order of the emissaries. In 78 BC. While the Forum had formerly

started as a marketplace, it ultimately expanded beyond being so. It saw a rise of activities

political speeches, civil trials and various public concerns and therefore, more adjustments

had to me constructed as a result of growing needs of the budding population (Watkin, 2009).

2.2 Civic Architecture

From the start of the Renaissance period, it was common to call any building aside from a

priestly building ‘civic’ architecture. Aside from important buildings, the rest of the buildings

had a more monotonous outlook. Presently, due to more democratic nature of our society, our

cities lack self-definition as a unified whole. When looking back into history, Lyndon, author

of “Public Buildings: Symbols Qualified by Experience”, discovers that civic centers that

“are conscious of their interaction with their physical environment and with the ways they

will be used in everyday life. When they are conceived this way. Turning outward from the

work inside, they are able to embody civic purposes” (Glazer et al., 1987)

The book “Public Face of Architecture: Civic Culture and Public Spaces” elaborates that the

design should be such that the users’ will be encouraged to look around the place and engage

participation between the observers and the users. Moreover, the place should instill a sense

of ‘civic pride’ with good management and continuous investment in the landscape. It should

serve the public as well instead of serving the institution i.e., the center itself. The need for

public spaces for public use is far greater in communities that are urban in character. The

people that are present here would be here to ‘perform some public service or play some

public role’.

12
2.3 Components of Civic Center

A civic center has to be modified to sustain the specific needs of communities. Therefore, a

civic center will always vary dramatically from one region to another. There are 10 strategies

as explained by HMC architects from California, USA that can be followed to create an

efficient and aesthetically pleasing civic center that can represent the diversity of the

community.

Figure 2.3.A: Challenges of Designing a Civic Center

Design for External Needs Internal Needs Mandatory Feature

Functionality

Most Effective Seamless Flows Wide Corridors

Comfortable,
Layout Appealing Courtyards

Inject Character Diversity History Local Artwork

Community Public Transportation

Classes Cafe, Coffee Shop
Amenities Access

Set the Tone Hardscaping Elemnts

Carve Interesting
Grow Local Plants that Reflect Natural
Through Landscape Pathways
Environment

Provide Efficient Street Wayfinding Exterior Wayfinding Interior Wayfinding

Wayfinding

Design with Informational

Charging Centers Online Resources
Technology Touchscreens

Foster a send of Consult Experts Improve Lines of Sight

Install Required
Security Security

Design for Promote Energy Reduce Water Improve Cost

Sustainabilty Efficiency Consumption Efficiency

Prioritize Cost- Use Durable Materials

Keep the Design
Plan for Expansion
Efficiency Simple

Modified by author from source-Retrieved from https://hmcarchitects.com/thought-leadership/civic-building-and-civic-center-architecture-

design-for-the-public/

13
In an article published by Danish Architect, Louis Becker (2017) from Adamson Associates

Architects, discusses the three key thoughts one should consider in order to design a civic

center. Louis Becker’s firm was selected as the winning design team for an international design

competition for the design of Etobicoke Civic Center.

Figure 2.3.B: Key Thoughts to Designing a Civic Center

Obliterate the
Inviting Interior Multifunctional
building/street and Exterior Public Spaces
boundary

Embrace Open Transparency in Visible

Democracy Design Functions

Care for the

Character of
Community with Incentive for
Community
Multi- Inhabitants
Centre
functionality

Modified by author from source-Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-design-modern-civic-centre-louis-becker/

Figure 2.3.C: Design for the Etobicoke Civic Center

14
2.4 Culture of Bangladesh at a Glance

Bangladesh has various secular festivals such as Boi Mela (Book Fair) and Amor Ekushe to

respect and acknowledge the sacrifices of the Language Movement in 1951, Bijoy

Uthshob(Victory celebration) to celebrate victory in the war of liberation in 1971 and

Boishakhi Mela to celebrate Bengali New Year. On all of these occasions we can witness art

and craft fairs, jatra or michil (procession). These celebrations are articulated both in terms of

spatial and ceremonial expressions in open spaces such as Ramna green, Bangla Academy

Campus, Nazrul Islam Avenue, National Tejgaon Square etc. These are located in old civil

station areas which have been adapted to the present-day need. As a result of rising formal and

organized recreational needs, more spatial spaces were established such as auditorium,

stadium, sports centers, theaters, art galleries, museums, designed public spots etc. (Mowla,

2011)

Besides such national level public events, we have vibrant and buzzing streets that are filled

with public activities and urban elements. Places like TSC (Dhaka University) or Robindro

Shorobor (Dhanmondi) are such civic spaces that capture and articulate human activity, these

are successful public spaces as these can aid a varied form of interactions among complete

strangers in a city. Civic spaces that can make people understand the values of their culture and

impart knowledge to be better individuals can certainly aid in more democratic norms in urban

life. (Morshed, 2019)

2.5 Development of Dhaka

About one third of the national urban population lives in Dhaka that also provides the highest

number of non-farm jobs. The city produces more than one third of the nation’s

GDP. Dhaka was ranked as 24th largest mega city in the world in 1990 and became the 11th

largest megacity according to World Urbanization Prospects 2014 published by the United

Nations in terms of its population. Moreover, the report predicted Dhaka to be the 6th largest

15
megacity of the world with its growing population by 2030. With a growth rate of 4.2%, high

density development is inevitable.

Figure 2.5.A: Population Distribution and Density in Different Regions in 2015

Source-Dhaka Structure Plan 2016-2035

The Dhaka Structure Plan was created to provide a long-term strategy to formulate strategies

to predict and co-ordinate the future pattern of the Dhaka Metropolitan Region. A metropolitan

region or metro region in short, is a densely populated core city whose surroundings areas are

influenced greatly by industry, infrastructure and housing. In general, it is comprised of

16
multiple jurisdictions and municipalities as well as satellite cities, small towns and intervening

rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting

patterns. Metropolitan areas have now become key economic and political regions due to

ongoing social, economic and political changes. In case of Dhaka Metropolitan Area (DMA),

the central city is highly integrated with its surrounding territories. Due to this interdependence,

DMA has to be planned and managed such that it is highly functional with balance. The

Structure Plan consists of report containing policy documents with supporting maps that

indicate significant elements of the major strategic decisions. Relevant elements are elaborated

here.

2.5.1. Future Growth

In order to control growth, it is important to decentralize urban functions and services in

DMR. Through planning and redistribution of some major functions, it is possible to reduce

the pressure that is experienced in the core city. It is possible to do this by introducing and

relocating some urban services and thus making them available near to living spaces. The

report suggests to promote new developments on the North-Eastern direction towards

Purbachal. The report states that East or Northeast of Dhaka city core is comparatively

underdeveloped and thus it is admissible for future developments towards this direction.

The Structure Plan provides a framework according to which, DMR would be divided into

two-tier zoning. The first tier divides whole DMR into two strategic zones which are Urban

Promotion Area (UPA) and Urban Control Area (UCA) based on predictions of future

urbanization. The UPA has been further sub divided into Central Urban Area, Outer Urban

Area and Growth Management Area while the UCA has been sub divided into Agriculture

and Conservation Area. In the next tier, these sub divisions are discussed in detail for land

use plan in the report.

17
Figure 2.5.B: Key Urban Growth Direction 2035

Source- Dhaka Structure Plan 2016-2035

18
 Figure 2.5.C: Key Urban Growth Direction 2035

Source- Dhaka Structure Plan 2016-2035

Growth Management Area (GMA) is a transitional area that is changing from rural to urban

and has possible potential for imminent urbanization. New growth will always take place in

areas that are adjacent to developed and developing areas. Such developments can be seen

taking place with lack of planning and development control disregarding the surrounding

environment and eco-system. Due to a heavily populated Dhaka, surrounding towns and peri-

19
urban areas such as Barua can accommodate the incoming population. Therefore, these

developments need to be conducted in an efficient manner through policies and mobilizing

resources.

2.5.2 Mass Rapid Transport

Mass Rapid Transport or MRT is an important element for development as people get quick

and direct access to a high-quality dependable transportation system. As a result, the areas

around MRT stations become prime locations for high density development. As Dhaka has

such a high demand for transportation it was only a matter of time that the government

implement a high-quality mass rapid transit system. According to a report published by the

Dhaka Transport Co-ordination Authority (DTCA), the MRT Line 1 will be a combination of

two routes: Airport Line and Purbachal Line.

Figure 2.5.D: MRT 1 Stations

Source-Illustrated by Author from Mass Rapid Transit Route Map Report

20
Chapter 3: Site Appraisal

3.1 Culture and Community

3.1.1 Site Location

The site is located in the peri urban area named Barua situated in Khilkhet Thana, one of the

41 metropolitan thanas in Dhaka city. Its geographical co-ordinates are 23° 50’9.9” North,

90° 27’15” East. The Dakhkhinkhan and Uttarkhan thanas are situated on the north, the Lake

City Concord, the Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport is situated to the west of the site of

the township, the Bashundhara residential area, Kuril Flyover and Jamuna Future Park is

situated to the south west, the 300 feet wide road to the south and Purbachal to the east.

Figure 3.7.A: Dhaka in context of Bangladesh

Source-Illustrated by Author

21
 Figure 3.8.B: Location and Administrative Map of Dhaka

Modified by author from source-Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Location-and-administrative-map-of-Dhaka-city-

13_fig1_320292356

Figure 3.9.C: Khilkhet Thana

Source-Retrieved from https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Khilkhet_Thana

22
 Figure 3.10.D: FOREST Township site, Jamuna Group

Illustrated by author from source-Khan Ishaan Mustapha

The west side of the site is urban in nature, the north and east are rural and the south side of

the site is semi-urban in nature. From various housing developments around the site, the site

also follows suite to establish a township which would make the site residential in nature. The

site is also within walkable distance of 600 meters from 300 feet road which makes it close to

MRT.

3.1.2 Planning Context

As the site is located at a point between the airport and Purbachal, it is marked as an urban

promotion area according to DSP. Thus, it is marked as an area that requires controlled future

growth by introducing urban services. It has also been marked as GMA, an area that will have

to accommodate high density development from incoming migration due to the site being

close to MRT. Therefore, it is also an appropriate area for transit-oriented development

(TOD) which aids to develop surrounding communities and boost local economies. TOD is

23
believed to be efficient in terms of access to public transport, mixed land use, high density

and public space.

Figure 3.11.E: Concept Diagram of Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

Source-Dhaka Structure Plan 2016-2035

Figure 3.12.F: Concept Diagram of Block Based Housing Development

24
DSP also states policies to encourage block housing around MRT and BRT stations which

contain multiple character and leave space for various public amenities despite high density

development.

3.1.3 Surrounding Land and Building Use

The site is located in a peri urban area with combination of tall housing complexes and low

height neighborhood. While the western part closer to the airport has seen significant urban

growth, the eastern part is more suburban. At present, the site is a vast flat land with a canal

running through it.

Figure 3.13.G: Existing site of Barua and future site of FOREST Township, Jamuna Group

Source- Illustrated by author

While block-based apartment development such as Lake City Concord is appreciable, it lacks

adequate community facilities and recreation. On this account, it is very appropriate to

25
establish a civic center that will not only be helpful towards the community in the new

township but aid to integrating the neighboring townships as well.

3.1.4 Neighborhood Structure

As stated previously, the site is mostly a dense mix of one to four storied residential buildings

with one storied commercial spaces and sparse community facilities. The future township

project proposes to establish Sports Complex, Senior Citizen Center, Educational Institutions

ranging from Nursery Schools to Colleges, Day Care, Hospital, Shuttle Bus Stop and Prayer

Spaces along the central spine. The civic center is proposed to be established at the end of the

spine.

Figure 3.14.H: Land Use Map

Source- Illustrated by author

26
3.1.5 Socio Economics

Figure 3.15.I: Khilkhet Statistics

Population : 130, 053 Religion

13.60%

43.70%

56.30% 86.40%

Male Female Muslim Hindu

Literacy Employment

30%
43.70% 46.50%

22.60%
73.80%

0.90%
Employed Seeking Job
Literate Illiterate Household Work Unemployed

Employment Field
6.70%

61.60% 31.70%

Agriculture Industry Service

Source-Retrieved from Source- Illustrated by author https://www.citypopulation.de/en/bangladesh/admin/dhaka/2637__khilkhet/

27
3.2 Landscape

3.2.1 Green and Blue Infrastructure

Even though due to the peri-urban context of the site there are both urban and rural

developments, there is also adequate greeneries and waterbodies. A huge site force is a water

canal running through the site that also serves as a flood retention zone of the area.

Figure 3.2.A: Vegetation Map

Source- Illustrated by author

28
3.2.2 Microclimate

The climate is mostly hot and humid. The average temperature of Dhaka is 25.3℃ and

humidity up to 65.8%. During the hot season from March 13 to June 27, the highest average

temperature is above 31℃. The cool season lasts from December 14 to January 31 with an

average temperature below 25℃.

Figure 3.2.B: Average Temperature for Khilkhet, Dhaka

Source- Retrieved from https://www.worldweatheronline.com/dhaka-weather-averages/bd.aspx

Figure 3.2.C: 12 Hourly Temperature for Khilkhet, Dhaka

Source- Retrieved from https://weatherspark.com/y/111858/Average-Weather-in-Dhaka-Bangladesh-Year-Round

29
 Figure 3.2.D: Humidity Comfort Level for Khilkhet, Dhaka

Source- Retrieved from https://weatherspark.com/y/111858/Average-Weather-in-Dhaka-Bangladesh-Year-Round

The mean annual precipitation of Dhaka is 2055 mm. January is the driest month i.e., the

least rainfall at mm. while July has the highest rainfall at an average of 134 mm. Dhaka has a

tropical wet and dry climate where the wet season (monsoon) occurs within May to

September. It is the most hot, extreme and cloudy while during the drier seasons, the sky is

mostly clear

Figure 3.2.E: Average Precipitation for Khilkhet, Dhaka

Source- Retrieved from https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/bangladesh/dhaka-climate

30
Due to seasonal changes, average hourly wind speed in Dhaka experiences substantial

seasonal variation. March 29 to September 6 is windier with an average windspeed of 7.4

miles per hour while the calmer part of the year from September 6 to March 29 has an

average wind speed of 4.5 miles per hour. As for wind direction, wind predominantly comes

from the south and south-east.

Figure 3.2.F: Wind Direction in Dhaka

Source- Retrieved from https://weatherspark.com/y/111858/Average-Weather-in-Dhaka-Bangladesh-Year-Round

Figure 3.2.G: Wind Direction in Dhaka

31
 Figure 3.2.H: Cloudy, Sunny, Precipitation Days in Dhaka

Source- Retrieved from https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/dhaka_bangladesh_1185241

Figure 3.2.I: Cloudy, Sunny, Precipitation Days in Dhaka

Source- Retrieved from https://www.gaisma.com/en/location/dhaka.html

32
3.3 Movement and Infrastructure

3.3.1 Road Hierarchy and Access

The site is currently accessible by a secondary road. It is expected to have a primary road

connection to 300 feet road in the future. The popular modes of transport are rickshaws,

autos, bikes, private cars and pickup vans.

Figure 3.3.A: Accessibility Map

Source- Illustrated by author

33
3.3.2 Public Transport

The closest public transit is a bus stop is 5 kilometers away. Anyone that arrives in a bus will

have to take a rickshaw or an auto to go the site. The MRT is within 600 meters of the site.

Therefore, if a route is established from the site to 300 feet (the route falls within land

acquired by Jamuna), it is expected to become the more popular route in the future.

3.3.3 Landmark

Figure 3.3.B: Landmark Map

1. Lake City Concord 2. Navy Anchorage School and College

3. BNS Sheikh Mujib Admin Building 4. Australian International School

Source- Illustrated by author

34
3.4 Site Photos

Figure 3.4.A: Site Entry and Existing Structure at the Opposite Direction of the Site

Figure 3.4.B: Views Consecutively at the West and East of Site Entry

Source: Author

35
Figure 3.4.C: View from the Existing Bridge at East of Site

Figure 3.4.D: View from the Existing Bridge at South of Site

Source: Author

36
Chapter 4: Case Study Appraisal

In order to design a civic center, it is essential to conduct case studies on projects that exist in

a similar climate or a similar contextual setting. Due to inadequate information on civic

center within the climatic context of Bangladesh or projects with similar climatic conditions,

this paper will explore two relevant projects and analyze the available information.

4.1 OUR TAMPINES HUB, SINGAPORE

Year: 2017 Client: People’s Association

Architect: DP Architects

Category: Retail | Sports, Community and Recreation | Civic and Cultural | Mixed Use

Site Area: 57,000 sqm (site area), 16,700 sqm (landscape area)

Built Area: 121,600 sqm Building Height: 7 stories with 2 Level Basements

Figure 4.1.A: Our Tampines Hub

Source: https://www.dpa.com.sg/projects/ourtampineshub/#0

37
Our Tampines HUB (OTH) is a community hub dedicated to combining community, sports and

lifestyle hub for the residents of Tampines, a residential town in the region of Tanah Merah located

along the north-eastern coast of East Region of Singapore. In a dense urban setting, this project

promotes collaboration amongst stakeholders and the residents.

4.1.1 Site Surroundings and Microclimate

As Singapore is located near the equator, it has a typical tropical climate with abundant rainfall,

high and uniform temperatures and a high humidity around the whole year. Temperature and

relative humidity do not demonstrate noticeable variation. Tampines received the World

Habitat Award to recognize its outstanding contribution towards human settlement and

development.

Figure 4.1.B: Land Use Pattern around Our Tampines Hub

Source: Illustrated by author from Google Earth

38
Built based on the feedback from 15,00 resident in the city, OTH, a multi-purpose complex

was built replacing the former Tampines Stadium, Tampines Sports Hall, Tampines Swimming

Complex, the Housing and Development Board (HDB) Tampines Branch Office and the

Tampines Regional Library by bring all of these facilities under one roof. OTH is Singapore’s

largest integrated community and lifestyle hub.

4.1.2 Site Planning

OTH is situated 400 meters away from the MRT station and 300 meters away from the

Tampines Bus Interchange. As it is located tactically at the center of Tampines Town Centre

in Singapore, major vehicular and pedestrian routes serve this project well. The massing of

OTH is designed such that it is sensitive to the surroundings and that it incorporates the

immediate nodes and modes of connectivity. While it provides efficient connectivity, it further

proves to be highly experiential.

Figure 4.1.C: Connectivity, Our Tampines Hub

Source: https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/gada-honorable-mention-2018/our-tampines-hub-dp-architects-pte-ltd/

4.1.3 Design Development

The design consists of programmatic clusters that are interlocked to maximize the visual

connectivity so that the users are aware of all the surrounding activities inside the structure.

Despite having spaces for large scale gathering and events, there are intimate spaces inside the

structure as well for small group activities.

39
Figure 4.1.D: A sketch that shows the spatial organization as interlocked volumes emphasizing on participatory design process

Source: https://archibazaar.com/project/our-tampines-hub/

Figure 4.1.E: Collaboration of many programs

Source: https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/gada-honorable-mention-2018/our-tampines-hub-dp-architects-pte-ltd/

40
There are various types of gathering spaces that range from attractive green terraces and rooftop

gardens to sheltered multi-use accessible community spaces, elevated community streetscapes

and heritage trails. Consequently, it encourages and promotes social cohesion making OTH a

comprehensive and public community environment.

Figure 4.1.F: Various community spaces in section, Our Tampines Hub

Figure 4.1.G: Relationship between programs and interlocking volumes, Our Tampines Hub

Source: https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/gada-honorable-mention-2018/our-tampines-hub-dp-architects-pte-ltd/

41
 Figure 4.1.H: Connectivity within volumes, Our Tampines Hub

Source: https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/gada-honorable-mention-2018/our-tampines-hub-dp-architects-pte-ltd/

Figure 4.1.I: Porosity of the development, Our Tampines Hub

Source: https://archibazaar.com/project/our-tampines-hub/

42
4.1.4 Design Detail and Features

The building is designed to allow cross ventilation and provide adequate natural lighting. In

the common area of the complex, there are fans with large diameters to move large volumes of

air in order to improve ventilation and provide thermal comfort. The festive spine is designed

o perform as a gathering space for the public. Here Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)

Pillow Roof boosts daylight and acts as a shelter.

Figure 4.1.J Ventilation, Our Tampines Hub

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hl3ShXbB9QU&ab_channel=Epitslayer

Figure 4.1.K: Large diameter fans, Our Tampines Hub

Source: Frank Pinckers, https://www.vector-foiltec.com/projects/our-tampines-hub-comfortable/

43
 Figure 4.1.L: Daylight Utilization, Our Tampines Hub

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hl3ShXbB9QU&ab_channel=Epitslayer

Figure 4.1.M: ETFE roof, Our Tampines Hub

Source: Frank Pinckers, https://www.vector-foiltec.com/projects/our-tampines-hub-comfortable/

4.1.5 Sustainable Design Strategies

OTH features extensive green walls, accessible sky terraces and rooftop gardens designed for

leisure. Walk and jogs as well as eco-community farming. Additionally, it uses various

technologies such as solar PV roof to harness renewable energy, latest techniques such as

wormeries and food waste recycling technologies such as eco digestors. This was done in order

44
to develop a rounded and sustainable system which aims to reduce carbon footprint. A

infographic by The Business Times, South-east Asia, shows the various sustainable

technologies deployed in the development.

Figure 4.1.N: Sustainable technologies Our Tampines Hub

Source: https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/infographics/big-and-green

45
4.2 SUNNYVALE CIVIC CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO, USA

Year: 2018

Client: City of Sunnyvale

Architect: Smith Group

Project Designer: Alexander Bullo

Category: Community and Civic

Built Area: 11,150 sqm (City Hall), 5340 sqm (Department of Public Safety - DPS), 1022 sqm (Emergency Operations

Center - EOC)

Figure 4.2.A: Sunnyvale Civic Center

Source: https://alexanderbullo.cargo.site/Sunnyvale-City-Hall

The Sunnyvale Civic Center houses the City’s administrative facilities and public amenities.

In 1955, the City had hired architect Milton Pfluenger and landscape architect Robert Royston

to design and build the Sunnyvale Civic Center Complex. The City Hall was the focal point.

The Civic Center consisted of The Main Library, Sunnyvale Office Center, City Hall Annex

and Public Safety Headquarters Building all of which were completed by 1985.

46
4.2.1 Site Surroundings and Microclimate

San Francisco has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate. Winters are mild and summers are

dry. The cool currents of the Pacific Ocean to the west and the water of San Francisco Bay to

the north and east play major influence of San Francisco’s weather. As a result, the climate is

mild all year round with little seasonal temperature variation. The Smith Group was

commissioned to create a master plan to modernize the Civic Center in order to improve

technology and expand services. The master plan also proposed to demolish old structures to

relocate surface parking to underground to maximize open space and landscape.

Figure 4.2.B: The Sunnydale Civic Center in a greater context

Source: https://alexanderbullo.cargo.site/Sunnyvale-City-Hall

47
4.2.2 Site Planning

Figure 4.2.C: Site context of the Sunnydale Civic Center

Source: https://alexanderbullo.cargo.site/Sunnyvale-City-Hall

48
4.2.3 Design Development

The primary driver for the project were the existing trees that embodies the history and sense

of place of the campus. Other constraints to consider for the site were the maintenance of

existing building services, construction in phases and the community garden. Ten areas were

then identified for potential location of required functions.

Figure 4.2.D: Design Development

Source: https://alexanderbullo.cargo.site/Sunnyvale-City-Hall

49
 Figure 4.2.E: Concept Development

Figure 4.2.F: Final Masterplan

Source: https://alexanderbullo.cargo.site/Sunnyvale-City-Hall

50
4.2.4 Design Detail and Features

The Civic Plaza will be designed to connect the various functional masses to create a gathering

place for the community. The plaza will prioritize safe pedestrian movement and slow

vehicular traffic. There will be multiple seating options that include chairs and tables, raised

planters and sear walls for varied interactions between users for day-to-day use. The Civic

Plaza will also accommodate large public gatherings and community functions in the future.

The outdoor stairs will connect the plaza to the second-floor green roof of the City Hall.
Figure 4.2.G: Demonstration of the Civic Plazas

Source: Smith Group

51
4.3 BANGABANDHU INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE CENTRE (BICC), DHAKA,

BANGLADESH

Year: 2001

Project Designer: Beijing Institute of Architectural Designs and Research.

Category: Convention Centre | Civic and Cultural

Site Area: 50,000 sqm

Figure 4.3.A: BICC

Source: https://biccbd.com/

Bangabandhu International Conference Centre (BICC) is claimed to be the country’s lone

multipurpose convention facility located in Sher-e-Bangla, Dhaka. It was built as a result of a

Chinese Grant and was formally handed over in 2002. BICC has brought a significant amount

of business interactions along with hosting noteworthy events, conferences, seminars,

corporate shows, cultural programs, fairs, product launches and meetings. While it has hosted

a number of important international conferences over the years, it is now one of the most

popular centers for a varied number of programs.

52
4.3.1 Site Surroundings and Microclimate

As mentioned before, BICC is situated in Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, one of the most central civic

spaces in Dhaka. It is in close proximity to the Parliament Building design by Louis I. Kahn in

Dhaka. The project is adjacent to Begum Rokeya Avenue to the east and Bir Uttom Khaled

Mosharraf Avenue to the North. Various important government administration buildings are

situated across the road in the north while the park, Chandrima Udyan is situated on the south.

The National Parade Ground is situated across Begum Rokeya Avenue in the east.

The built structure is constructed on 20,000 square meters of land while the remaining 30,000

square meter acts as a set back with other functions. In the ground floor, parking lot for 700

vehicles surrounds the building along with lawn, garden and water fountains. To create a grand

entrance, the elevated roof sitting on top of a massive structure sets the scene.

Figure 4.3.B: BICC

Source: Illustrated by author from Google Earth

53
4.3.2 Project Plans and Venue Breakdowns of BICC
Figure 4.3.C: BICC Ground Floor Plan

Figure 4.3.D: BICC First Floor Plan

Source: https://biccbd.com/

54
BICC has 17 venues that are used to hold events of various scales:

Milky Way:

It is s large open space with ground terrace for large conventions, fairs, expo, etc. i.e., any

function that requires to accommodate a large number of visitors.

Size: 2428 sqm

Hall of Fame:

It contains a circular dome with seating arrangements to host a gala concert of function as a

21st century auditorium.

Size: 1140 sqm, Lobby: 871 sqm.

Capacity: Theater 2000, Round Table 650, Reception 1500.

Carnival and Harmony:

‘Carnival’ and ‘Harmony’ are two identical halls to host conference, seminar and can be used

as auxiliary venues to Milky Way.

Size: 595 sqm

Capacity: Theater 450, Classroom 270, Round Table 350, Reception 400.

Celebrity:

It is a spacious epicenter of a grand hall with chandeliers suitable for big dinners and parties

with a complete kitchen facility.

Size: 801 sqm

Capacity: Theater 1200, Round Table 100, Reception 1200.

Legendary, Eternity, Elegant and Milestone:

They are well-designed meeting rooms with an ambience suitable for negotiations.

55
Size: 68 sqm.

Capacity: Rectangular 42.

Media Bazaar and Windy Town:

They contain services of international standard media meetings. Adequate lighting and sound

facilities with special podium are available for these venues.

Size: 322 sqm.

Capacity: Theater 200, Round Table 150, Reception 200.

Green View and Executive Lounge:

These lounge rooms can accommodate up to 120 people for business and meetings.

Size: 2428 sqm.

Figure 4.3.E: Various venues of BICC

Source: https://biccbd.com/

56
4.3.3 Design Detail and Features

24 concrete columns support a 48-meter spherical shell structure that is on top pf the main hall.

It has a slight resemblance to the Parliament Building. Electronic systems are used to control

the security system around this project. The building uses a central air conditioning system and

it contains a real-time four-language translation system that can be used to broadcast/telecast

of programs in order to receive messages and programs via satellite.

Figure 4.3.F: Hall of Fame, BICC

Figure 4.3.G: Milky Way, BICC

Source: https://www.showcase.com.bd/news/day-1-the-grand-reception-of-arcasia-forum-20/

57
 Figure 4.3.H: Hall of Fame Lobby, BICC

Source: https://www.showcase.com.bd/news/day-1-the-grand-reception-of-arcasia-forum-20/

4.4 Analysis

In first two studies, it can be observed that the architects showed great respect for the site

context, be it in a densely populated urban area, or a secluded area with lower population and

more natural foliage. The first case study focused more on community integration and

sustainable technologies while the second case gave more importance to the functions

themselves and integrated them into the landscape.

The local case study is a very successful international conference center that offers a variety of

venues to conduct programs of many scales. However, it can be criticised that the conference

center contains much more paved surface than needed and wayfinding can sometimes become

difficult due to the way the interior is designed with the entrances.

58
Chapter 5: Program Appraisal

Due to the new ‘FOREST’ Township proposal, under the land development by laws of the

state, this township must have certain facilities to cater to its new inhabitants. The Barua Civic

Center shall be a vital phase of development that would be considered for the township.

LAND USE MGC % ACRE AREA IN SQFT

Township Land Area 100 235 10,152,000

1600 Housing Units 15 27,410,400

Public and Commercial Facilities 10 20,304,000

Road Surface Area 25 2,538,000

Water and Landscape 50 5,076,000

5.1 Proposed Program from Client

The functions provided by the client can be divided in three major parts. Block A would be the

convention block, Block B will be the commercial block for retail and Block C will be the

commercial block for rentable offices. The landscaped areas in the remaining area will contain

an amphitheater and other facilities to complement the three blocks and neighborhood.

5.1.1 Block A – Convention Block

The Convention Block will contain an auditorium that has a capacity of 1500 with necessary

ancillary facilities along with a large banquet hall with a dedicated service block containing its

own kitchen. The block will also contain an exhibition hall, seminar rooms, meeting rooms,

administration offices and a café.

59
 Floor Floor
Auditorium Capacity Area(sqft) Area(sqm)
Drop Off 53,820 5000
Foyer 8,075 750
Breakout Lobby 1500 8075 750
Toilets(M) 80 1345 125
Toilets(F) 75 970 90
Hall 1000 8075 750
Stage 6460 600
Back Stage 4305 403
Side Stage 2155 200
Prop Store 1615 150
Service Entry 1075 100
Artist Lounge 4845 450
Greenroom 1290 120
Toilet/Changing(M) 215 20
Toilet/Changing (F) 215 20
VIP Lounge 2690 250
Toilets 5 65 6
TOTAL 105,290 9784
Banquet Hall Breakout Lobby 5380 500
Hall 1000 13455 1250
Toilet(M) 55 710 66
Toilet(F) 50 645 60
Large Room+D28ms 3230 300
Service Corridor 110 10
Kitchen 5380 500
Kitchen Storage 1075 100
Staff Changing
Toilet(M) 10 295 27
Staff Changing
Toilet(F) 10 295 27
TOTAL 30575 2840
Conference Facilities Breakout Lobby 1615 150
TOTAL 1615 150
Small Rooms Conference Room 80 2155 200
Equipment Store 540 50
Toilet(M) 7 90 8
Toilet(F) 6 80 7
TOTAL 2865 265
Large Rooms Conference Room 120 3230 300
Equipment Store 540 50
Toilet(M) 11 140 13
Toilet(F) 8 105 10
TOTAL 4015 373
Administrative Office Waiting Room 325 30

60
 Administrative
Office 25 2020 188
Toilets 5 65 6
TOTAL 2410 224
TOTAL= 96970SQFT/9008SQM

5.1.2 Block B – Commercial Block – Retail

As with any townships, there is a need for various retail services to get daily commodities along

with additional retail services. As the current scenario around the proposed township area

shows that retail facilities are cropping up around the edges of the roads, it can be predicted

that the new township will require a much bigger retail block to serves the township itself and

its neighboring townships. This block will also contain an art gallery to provide a cultural

transition into the various functions in the civic center.

Retail Complex
Complex Entrance Dropoff
Foyer
Core Functions

Retail Shops

Administrative Office Waiting Room

Office
Toilets

Cineplex Hall Breakout Lobby

Ticket Counter
Toilets(M)
Toilets(F)
Snacks Counter
Theater Proper
Service Corridor

Food Court Seating Area

Food Stalls
Kitchens
Store Rooms
Toilet(M)
Toilet(F)
TOTAL= 106220SQFT/9868SQM

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 Art Gallery
Art Gallery Foyer 1075 100
Lobby 1075 100
Toilet(M) 20 260 24
Toilet(F) 20 260 4
Gallery 5380 500
Gallery Store 2690 250
Service Entry 1075 100
TOTAL 11815 1078
Exhibition Hall Hall 2690 250
Toilet(M) 15 195 18
Toilet(F) 15 195 18
Hall Store 1075 100
TOTAL 4155 386
TOTAL= 15970SQFT/1483SQM

5.1.3 Block C – Commercial Block – Office

Rentable office floors will start from fourth floor in Block C while the lower floors will contain

a miscellaneous nature of commercial function and community functions.

Commercial Tower
Reception and Entrance
Hall Drop Off
Foyer
Lobby
Lounge/Waiting Area
Toilets(M)
Toilets(F)

Administrative Office Waiting Room

Administrative Toilets
Toilets
Store

Typical Office Floor Lift Lobby

Toilets(M)
Toilets(F)
Office Area
Service Area
TOTAL= 328925SQFT/10000 SQM

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5.1.4 Miscellaneous Functions

In order to combine the functions of the civic center as a whole, various miscellaneous

functions are needed such as a public amphitheater and additional service facilities for the

building itself.

Ancillary Facilities
Service Facilities Substation Rooms 5380 500
Water Service Area 5380 500
Information Center 1075 100
TOTAL= 11840SQFT/1100SQM/.3ACRE
Public Plaza
Amphitheater Audience Seating 800 6460 600
Stage 4305 400
Back Stage 2690 250
Store 1615 150
Green Room 1075 100
TOTAL= 16145SQFT/1500SQM

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Chapter 6: Design Considerations

The civic center will be vital not only for the new township but also for the neighboring

townships or residential blocks as well. Hence, it is imperative to look at the contextual

details as well as the predictable future in order to make the project contextually responsive.

A project can be successful only when it blends in with the surrounding context.

6.1 Geographic and Climatic Considerations

From a study of 20 years from 2001 to 2020, it can be seen that there is a prominent waterbody

existing in the site that acts as a water retention body for the entire area of Barua. The waterbody

passes directly through the site area of the civic center. Therefore, considerations need to be

taken in designing the civic center in order to keep the natural retention area so the future

developments don’t suffer from flooding or water logging.

Figure 6.1: Water retention canal growth over a period of 20 years

Source: Illustrated by author from Google Earth

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6.2 Horizontal Layout

Due to the large span of allotted area for development, a graduated horizontal development

from the water canal to the more built areas of the township would be ideal. This allows to

create more views to the natural landscapes. Care needs to be taken to allow certain setbacks

to the site from the waterbody.

Figure 6.2: Site Section showing staggering of masses to create connection and utilize view window

Source: Illustrated by author

6.3 Promotion of Human Activity

In order to capture the essence of a civic space, the project needs to provide various types of

community spaces that allow a variety of interactions among the users. The promotion of

different types of activities are what make a civic center unique and thus create an identity of

its own in the new setting.

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6.4 Functional Zoning

The civic center would be divided into two halves on either side of the running water canal in

the site. The Convention block is places towards the south as it is next to a major future node

and road transport. The other half the contains the two types of commercial block is situated

towards the northern side to cater mostly to the inhabitants around the site. A conceptual

zoning diagram is prepared showing the distribution of the overall programs of the project.

Figure 6.3: Possible Zoning

Source: Illustrated by author

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Chapter 7: Design Suggestions

7.1 Concept

As the project is going to be surrounded by new townships and new neighborhoods, it is

imperative to consider the civic center a functioning epicenter for all the inhabitants around

it. An important factor in designing the civic center was the water retention canal running

through it that connected it to the neighboring township of Lake City Concord in the west and

the new growing private township in the south. Thus, these edges of the water canal that

connected the civic center to these residential areas served as a guiding factor throughout the

design process of the project.

The 3 main blocks are placed in a way to create an interesting path that flows inside the

whole civic center complex. A user will discover various experiences in the new vibrant

environment created through the pathway of the civic center.

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7.2 Form Generation

Figure 7.2.1: Current Condition of Site

Figure 7.2.2: Future Development around Site

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 Figure 7.2.3: Reshaping the retention waterbody

Figure 7.2.4: Neighborhood Connections

NEIGHBORHOOD CONNECTIONS

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 Figure 7.2.5: Possible Mass Outline

Figure 7.5: Connecting the various functional masses in the civic center complex

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7.3 Floor Plans

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Programs:

Block A: Conference Rooms, Exhibition Spaces, Administration Block, Service Block, Cafe

Block B: Art Gallery, Retail Shops

Block C: Café, Superstore

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Programs:

Block A: Auditorium Main Floor, Banquet Hall, Administration Block

Block B: Art Gallery, Retail Shops

Block C: Community Club Rooms, Office

73
Programs:

Block A: Auditorium, Administration Block

Block B: Lounge, Retail Shops

Block C: Startup Office

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Programs:

Block A: Auditorium

Block B: Food Court, Restaurant

Block C: Game Center

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7.4 Elevations and Sections

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7.5 Renders

77
78
79
80
References

Dhaka Structure Plan (2016-2035)

Grant, Michael (1970), The Roman Forum, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson; Photos

by Werner Forman, p. 11.

Lefantzis M., Jensen J., The Altar, the Peribolos of the Asklepieion and the Stoa of Eumenes

at the south slope of the Athens Acropolis. New architectural facts and restoration

proposals in Aspects of Ancient Greek Cult: Context - Ritual - Iconography, Denmark, 2006

Mowla, Q.A. 2011. Urban Aesthetics: A Study on Dhaka. The History Heritage and Urban

Issues of Captial Dhaka, Volume III, Urbanization and Urban Development. P. 169-262. ISBN

978-984-512-013-5.

Nasrin, J.N. (June 2012). Urban Livability & Environmental Sustainability: A Case of

Khilkhet, Dhaka. Jagannath University

Robertson, Miriam (1981). A Shorter History of Greek Art. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-521-28084-6.

Watkin, David (2009). The Roman Forum. Harvard University Press, Cambridge,

Massachusetts. ISBN 978-0-674-03341-2. Retrieved 6 March 2010., p. 22.

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