PG-I (DE)/2014

- 2014
MATHEMATICS
PAPER - I
Unit - I

Time - Two Hours Full Marks - 45

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Section - A
Answer any two of the following : 9x2=18
,'

1. (a) Define a subnormal chain of subgroups of

a group. Give an example. 2

(b) State and prove Zassenhaus Lemm·a. 7'-:;.

2. (a) Let f be a homomorphism of a group G

onto a group G*, H be a normal subgroup of G such
that H c Kerf and g be the natural homomorphism of
G onto GIH. Then show that there exists a unique
homomorphism h of GIH onto G* such that/= hog.
Also show that such a mapping h is one-on e iff
H = Kerf. 6+2=8

(b) Upto isomorphism, how many groups of

order 6 are there ? 1

P.T.O.
 3. (a) Show that center of a group is its subgroup.
3
(b) If G be a finite commutative group of

- order n such that n is divisible by a prime p, then G

contains an element of order p. 6

Section - B
Answer any three of the following: 6x3=18

4. Show that thehomomorphic imageofasolvable

group is solvable. 6 !(

5. Show that a left R-module is free iff it has a

bu~. 6
,'
6. Let G be a finite group of order prm, where pis
a prime, rand mare positive integers, gcd (p, m) = 1
and P be a subgroup of G. Prove that if P is the only
--
Sylow p-subgroup of G, then P-is a normal subgroup of
G. Prove also that ifPis a Sylow p-subgroup of G, then
any conjugate of P is a Sylow p-subgroup of G. 6

7. State and prove second Isomorphism Theorem

on groups. 6

8. Let V and W be two finite dimensional vector

spaces over the field F such that dim V = dim W. If T
is a linear transformation from Vinto W, show that Tis
non-singular iff tis onto. 6

2
 Section - C
Answer all the questions. 3x3=9

9. Show that every finite cyclic group of order n is

isomorphic to (Zn , +). 3

10. What do you mean by a conjugacy relation on a

gro~? 3

11. Define a left R-module. Cite an example. 3

,,,.
'
I

,,

SN 3 300
 PG-I (DE)/2014

- 2014
MATHEMATICS
. PAPER - I
Unit - II

Time - Two Hours Full Marks - 45

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Section - A
Answer any two of the following : 9X2=18 ,r

I . (a) "Every principal ideal domain D satisfies

ascending chain condition for principal ideals."-pro.Ye.
J-

(b) Show that in a unique factorization domain

every irreducible element is prime. 6

2. (a) Show that afield of characteristicp (* 0) is

a perfect field iff every polynomial (xp - a) has a root
in k, for every a E k. 6
(b) Show that every field of characteristic 0 is
a perfect field. 3

P.T.O.
 3. (a) Let R be a commutative ring with 1 and M
be an ideal of R. Then show that Mis a maximal ideal
of R iff RIM is a field. 6

- (b) Let D be an integral domain. Show that

every first degree polynomial whose leading coefficient
is a uni~ in D is irreducible in D [x]. 3

Section - B
Answer any three of the following: 6x3=18 ;(

4. Show that the set of algebraic numbers forms

an intermediate field between Q and C. 6

,,..
5. Let FIK be a finite extension. Show that FIK is
Galois iff FAut(FIK) = K. 6

6. State and prove Second Isomorphism Theo.Fem_

for rings. 6

7. Show that in a principal ideal domain, an

element is irreducible iff it is prime. 6

8. Let R be a principal ideal domain. Prove that

two finitely generated R-modules M and N are
isomorphic iffthey have the same free rank and the same
list of invariant factors. 6

2
 Section - C

9. If every irreducible polynomial over a field F

has degree 1, then show that there is no algebraic
- extension of F except itself. 3

10. In the integra·l domain

Z [i "5] = {a+ bi "5 ; a, b E Z:},
show that 3 is irreducible but not a prime. 3

J,.
11. Let F be an extension of K such that [F : K] = 2. I

Then show that F is a normal extension of K . 3

·'

SN 3 300
 PG-I (DE)/2014

- 2014
MATHEMATICS
'PAPER - II
Unit- I

Time - Two Hours Full Marks - 45

Answer one from Section-A, tltree from Section-B r

and all from Section-C.
The figures in the margi.n indicate f ull marks.

Section - A

I. (a) If f is Riemann-Stieltjes integrable with

respect to <I> and k is any positive number, then prove
that:
(i) kf is Riemann-Stieltjes integrable
with respect to <j>,
(ii) f is Riemann-Stieltjes integrable with
respect to k <j>,

(iii) s: (kf) d~ =k s: fd~ = s: fd (k~). 9

1 P.T.O.
 (b) Let {gn} be a sequence of real-valued
functions having finite derivative at each point of
(a, b) and le't {gn (x0)} be convergent for at least one
x 0 in (a, b),. Suppose g' n --+"f uniformly on (a, b). Prove
- that there exists a function g such that gn--+" g uniformly
and g' = f on (a, b). 9

2. (a) Let f: E ~ R be a measurable function.

Prove that the set ·
{x E E:f(x)= r}
is measurable for each real number r. Give an example
to show that the converse is false~ 9 ~/
(b) Givenameasurespace(X,S, µ).LetD ES.
Prove that if if.n } is a sequence
. of non-negative extended
real-valued S-measurable functions defined on D, then ,
I

00 00

J(2: fn)dµ= L f fndµ. 9

D n=l n=I D

Section -B
3. Let x 1, x 2, ·····, xk be the only points or
· discontinuity of a bounded function g on [a, b] and <!> be
an increasing function on [a, b] s,t. ~is continuous at
ea?h x; (i = 1, 2, ····· , k). Prove that g is Riemann-
Stieltjes integrable on [a, b] with respect to cp. 6

4. Let/be a convex function on an open interval

I in R. Prove that/is both left and right differentiable
at every point of I. 6
 5. Given a measure space (X, S, µ). Let if,,} be a
sequence of extended S-measurable functions on a set
D e S. Prove that fn~f (in measure) if and .only fr for

- every 8 > O; there e?ists N_0 e N such that

µ { D : lfn - fl ~ 8} < 8
6

6. Let µbe a non-negative extended real-val:ued

additive set function on an algebra S of subsets of X
withµ (<j>) = 0. Consider the following conditions:
(i) for every disjoint sequence {An} in S,
. .

LJ
n=l
AneS=>µ(LJ .An)=
n=l
f µ( An),
n= I
,,.

(ii) for every increasing sequence {An} in S,

lim An ES=> lim µ(An) = µ ( lim An).

Prove that (i) => (ii).

7. Prove that for any set E c R, the following

statements are equivalent:
(a) The set Eis measurable.
(b) For each s > _O, there exists an open set- 0 :::> E
such that m* (0-E) < s.
(c) there exi~ts a G0 set G such that E c G and
m* (G-E)= 0. 6

3 P.T.O.
 8. Suppose that/ e BV([a, b]) and that
a ~x ~y ~ b. Show that
Var(/; [a , x]) + lf(x) - f(y)I ~Var(/; [a,y]).

- 6

Section - C

9. Prove that every countable set is an F cr . 3

10. Evaluate Var (!cos xi; [O, 6n]). 3

11. Give example of an additive set function on an

algebra of subsets of a set which is not countably
additive. 3

SN 4 300
 PG-I (DE)/2014

- MATHEMATICS
2014

PAPER- II
Unit - II

Time - Two Hours Full Marks - 45

Answer two froin Section-A, three from Section-B

and all from Section-C.

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

,,
Section -A

1. State and prove the inverse function theorem.

9

2. Suppose E is an open set in Rn, f : E ~ Rm is

E, g :/(E) ~ Rkis differentiable
differentiable at x 0 e
atf(x0). Then for F: E ~Rk defined by F(x) = g(f(x)),
prove that · .
m
(DjFt)(xo)= L (Digt)(f(xo))(DjJi)(xo)
i= I

j=l,····,n
l = 1, .... 'k. 9
l ~TQ
 3. Define a linear operator on a linear space X
Show that a linear operator A : X ~ Xis one-one then
Ax = 0 implies x = 0 and converseJy. If Xis a finite

. - dimensional linear space then prove that A is invertible

iff R(A) = X , where R(A) denotes the range of A. 9

Section - B
4. Prove that
(i) if A E L (Rn , Rm) then A is a uniformly
continuous mapping of Rn into Rm ;
11
(ii) if A, B E L (R 11 , Rm) and c is a scalar then
llA + Bii :5: l!All + llBll
llcAll = lcl llAll
(iii) if A E L (Rn ' Rm) and B E L (Rm ' RP)

then llBAJI :5: llBll llAll· 6

5. Let the function/: R2 ~ R be defined by

x2y .
f(x,y)= 1f(x, y) :1=(0, 0)
x 4 +y2
=O otherwise.
Show that tjie directional derivatives of/ at (0, 0) exist
in all directions and/is not continuous at (0, 0). 6

6. When is a function f: R'1 ~ Rm said to be

differentiable at x E Rn? Prove that/'(x) = 0 for all
x e Rn if/ is constant. Also prove that/ '(x) =/for
all x e Rn iff itself is linear. 6

2
 7. If (A) and (B) are two n x m matrices then prove
that
det ((B) (A)) = det (B) det (A). 6

8. Suppose f: Rn x Rm ~ Rm is continuously
differentiable in an. open set E containing (a, b) and
f(a, b) = 0. Let Mbe them x m matrix
(Dn+j fi (a, b)), 1 ~ i,j ~ m.
If det M-:;:. 0, then there is an open set A c Rn containing
a and an open set B c Rm containing b with the following
property : for each x e A there is a unique g(x) e B such
thatf(x, g(x)) = 0. The function g is differentiable. 6

Section·- C
/
9. If (i) E c Rn and V c Rm are open sets,
(ii) T: E ~ Vis a C' -mapping, ~ is a
k-surface in E and
(iii) w is a k-form in V, then show that I

10. Define a primitive function and a flip with

examples. 3

11. For x e Rn, define the norm llxll of x. Prove that

Ix ·YI ~ llxll llYll· 3

SN 3 300
 PG-I (DE)/2014
,

- 2014
MATHEMATICS
PAPER-ID

Unit- I

Time - Two Hours Full Marks - 45

Answer two from Section-A, three from Section-B

and all from Section-C.

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

·'
Section -A

1. Let a. be an infinite cardinal number and P

be any cardinal number with P~a.. Then prove that
a.+p=a.. 9

2. Show that normality is neither productive nor

hereditary. 9

3. Define Kuratowski closure operator and show

that Kuratowski closure operator defines· a unique
topology on the underlying set and the closure operator
therein coincides with the Kuratowski closure operator.
2+7=9

1 P.T.O.
 4. · S~ow that a T 1 space is T4 if and only if every
continuous map on any closed subspace can be
continuously extended to the whole space. 9

- Section - B

5. Let ~ be a collection of subsets of a non-empty

setX such that ~ =X, Pbe the collection of all possible
finite intersections· .of members of ~ and :J be the
collection of all unions of members of ~· Then show
that :J is a topology on X 6

6. For any three cardinal numbers a., p and y

show that (a.13)Y= a.13Y . . 6
,
'
7. Show that a space Xis Hausdorff if and only if
the diagonal 6 = { (x, x) ; x E X} of X x Xis closed. 6

8. Prqve that (Z+)w in dictionary order is not well

ordered. 6

9. Show that limit of a convergent sequence in a

~ausdorff space is unique but it does not mean that if in
a space every convergent sequence has a unique limit.
then it is Hausdorff. 6

10. Let Ybe a subspace ofX; let A be a subset of Y;·

Jet.A denote the closure of A inX. Then the closure of A
in Y equals An Y. 6

2
 Section - C

11. Check whether derived set of a set is closed or

~~~~. 3
- 12. Examine whether the map h : (0, 1) ~ R defined
__ 1- 2x h.
by f(x) - - - is a homeomorp ism or not. 3
x (1-x)

13. Show that 3 no homeomorphism between R1

and R with usual topology. 3

,,

SN 3 300
 PG-I (DE)/2014

2014
- MATHEMATICS
·PAPER-ID

Unit - II

Time - Two Hours Full Marks - 45

Answer all from Group-A, three from Group-B and

two from Group-C.

The figures ~n the margin indicate f ull marks.

Group-A

1. Check whether intersection of two comp~ct

spaces is compact or not. 3-

2. Check whether product ofpath connected spaces

is path connected or not. 3

3. Find the limit (in general) of expansion of

members of a locally finite family so that the resultant
family is also locally finite. 3

Group-B
4. Show that compact subset of a Hausdorff
space is closed. 6

1 P.T.O.
 .

5. Prove that product oftwo connected subsets of a

topological space is connect~d. 6

6. Show that a .n et is convergent if and only ifthe

- associated filter is convergent. 6

7. Let {A 1 ; A, E A} be a locally finite family of

subsets of a topological space X. Then prove that :
(a) U AA. = U AA.
...teA ...teA

(b) IIAA. = IIAA. 3+3=6

..teA A.eA

8. Show that closed subspace of a paracompact

space is paracompact. 6

9. Let X be a topological sp ace ; let A c X. If

there is a sequence of points of A converging to x, then
prove that x e A, prove that the converse holds if Xis
metrizable. r . 6

Group-C
10. LetXbe regular. Then prove that the following
are eql:livalent : Every open covering of X has a
refinement that is :
(i) an open covering of X and countably
locally locally finite
(ii) a covering of X and locally finite
(iii) a closed covering of X and locally finite
(iv) an open covering of X and locally finite.
. 9
2
 11. Show that a space is metrizable if it is regular
and second countable. 9
...

- 12. Show that normality is neither hereditary nor

productive. 9

13. Show that path connectedness implies

connectedness but the converse is not true. 9

/'

SN 3 300
 PG-I (DE)/2014

- 2014
MATHEMATICS
PAPER - IV
Unit- I

Tim·e - Two Hours Full Marks - 45

The figures in the margin indicate full marks. 'r

Unless otherwise stated, notations carry their usual
meanings.

Section - A
Answer all questions.

1. Show that the field C of the complex numbers

is not a linearly ordered field. 3

2. Find the bilinear transformation that carries

0, i, - i into 1, - l, 0 respectively. 3

3. If/ is analytic in a region and if I/I is constant

there, then prove that/ is constant. 3

P.T.0.
 Section - B
Answer any three questions.

4. Show that the bilinear transformation which

- carries the points z = i, 0, - i respectively onto the
points w = 0, - 1, oo maps

(i) the -real axis I m (z). = 0 on JwJ = 1,

(ii) the upper half plane I m (z) > 0 on JwJ < 1,
(iii) the lower half plane I m (z) < 0 on Jwl > 1.
6 ?
5. State and prove Morera's theorem. 6

6. Applying Ronche's theorem, prove that every

polynomial of degree n has exactly n zeros. 6

7. Find the zeros and discuss the nature of

.
smgu 1ant1es
. . o ff()
z = -z-2 . - 1- ·
- sm 6
z- 1 z- 1

8. State and prove Riem ann's theorem on

removeable ·singularity. 6

9. Let y be a piecewise differentiable closed

rectifiable curve. ·P rove that th e winding number
n (y ; a) = 0 for 'a.' belonging to an unbounded
component of G = C- {y}. 6

2
 Section - C
Answer any two questions.
10. Find all bilinear transformations. mapping
- lzl ~ I onto lwl ~ 1. 9

11. Show that : · .

where
2
an= _I_ f n cosne ·cosh (2cos8)d9. 9
2n Jo

12. Evaluate ,'

2ncos26 de
Jo 5 + 4cose
by contour integration. 9

SN 3 300
 PG-I (DE)/2014

- 2014
MATHEMATICS
PAPER - IV
Unit- Il

Time - Two Hours Full Marks - 45

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

'(
Unless otherwise stated, notations carry their usual
meanings.

Section - A ,'
Answer all questions.

1. Prove that an absolutely convergent infinite

product is convergent. 3

2. If two C-harmonic functions u 1 and u2 agree on

the boundary of a compact domain D, then prove that
u 1 = u2 throughout D. 3

3. Show that sin z =sin zfor all z. 3

Section - B
Answer any three questions.
4. State and prove Riemann mapping theorem. 6

1 P.T.0.
 5. Find the canonical produ_ct of sin z. 6

6. State and prove Jensen' s formula. 6

- 7. Find the order of cos Ji . 6

8. Let f b e an entire fun c t i on such that

Ref (z) ~A lzln holds for sufficiently large z. Then
show that/is a polynomial of degree~ n. 6

9. State and prove Schwarz lemma. 6

Section - C
Answer any two questions.
10. Prove that Riemann zeta function is zero free
,'
throughout Re (z) ~ 1. 9

11. Let C n denote the squ are with sides

x=±(a+ ~)1t,y=±(n+ ~)"· Show that cotz is

uniformly bounded on Cn, for all n. Hence show that

00
1
cot z =- + 2z
z
L
n=l z
2
-
1
n
2 2 ·
7t
9

12. Show that the order of a canonical products

equals the exponent of convergence of its zeros. 9

SN 2 300
 PG-I (DE)/2014

2014

-- MATHEMATICS
PAPER- v
Unit - I

Time - Two Hours Full Marks - 45

The figures in the mar'gin indicate full marks.

Unless otherwise stated, notations carry their usual
meanings.

Section - A ,.
·'
Answer any two questions. 9x2=18
1. When is a vector field X on a Lie-group G s ~id
to be left invariant ? Show that a vector field X on -G is,
left invariant if and only if
(Xf) o La =Xif o La), a E G
where La is a left translation on G. Hence or otherwise
prove that if X, Y are left invariant vactor fields, then
[X, 11 is also so. 1+5+3=9

2. What do you mean by differentiable manifold ?

Show that M (n, R), set of all real square matrices of
order n is a differentiable manifold of dimension n 2 •
2+7=9
P.T.0.
 3. Define the total differential of a differentiable
fun·ction on a differentiable manifold M.
If wl and w2 are two differential forms, prove
- that
f* (W1 A W2) =f* W1 A f* W2 ,

where the symbols have their usual meanings. 2+7=9

4. Define a tangent vector at a point of a

differentiable manifold M If x1, x 2 , ·••• , xn be a local
coordinate system of a point p of an n-dimensional
j(,
differentiable manifold M, then show that set of all
tangent vectors at p is a vector space with basis

2+7=9

Section - B
Answer any three questions. 6x3=18

5. Define an integral curve of a given vector field.

Show tha~ an integral curve of a vector field

X="" ~i ~
L..J ax'
is a solution of the differential equation

dxi = igi (x (t) ), i = 1, 2, .. · , n . 1+5=6

dt

2
 6. Let G be a Lie-group and 4> : G ~ G be a
mapping such that cf> (a)= a- 1 , a E G. Then prove that
a I -form Wis left invariant if and only if 4> * Wis right

- invariant.

7. Define the operation of exterior differentiation

6

on a differentiable manifold M. Show that for I -form W

<JW (X1' X2) = ~ [ X1 (w (X2)) - X2 (w (X1))

. + W ([Xi, X2J)]
1+5=6 ;r
8. :Define I-parameter group of transformation on
18 8
a differentiable manifold M. Let X = - ex +
Ox3 Ox 2 ,'
2
be a vector field on R • Does X generate a I-parameter
group of transformation on M? Give reasons for your
answer. 2+-4=6
, --
9. Let x(M) denote the set of all differentiable
vector fields on a differentiable manifold M. If
x, y E x(M)~ show that their Lie-bracket [X, Y] also
belongs to x(M). 6

.10. What do you mean ·by a distribution ? State

Frobenius theorem on a distribution. 4+2=6

3 P.T.O.
 Section - C
Answer all the questions. 3x3=9

11. Write a short note on Principal Fibre Bundle. 3

- 12. Does f : R ~ R defined by f(x) = x 10 give a
coordinate chart on R ? Justify your answer. 3

13. If the mapping f: R ~ R2 is defined by

f(t) = (2 cos (t-n/2), sin 2 (t- n/2)), then prove that
(R, f) is an immersed submanifold of R2 , but not an ;1
imbedded submanifold. 3

SN 4 300
 PG-I (DE)/2014

2014
- MATHEMATICS
PAPER - V
Unit - II

Time - Two Hours Full Marks - 45

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Unless otherwise stated, notations carry their usual
meanings.

Section - A /'

Answer any" two questions. 9x2= 18

1. When is a linear connection on a Riemannian

1.
manifold said to be a metric connection ?
Let \7 be a metric connection of a Riemannian
manifold (M, g) and \7 be another linear connection
given by VxY=VxY+T(X, Y) , wh~re Tis the
torsion tensor corresponding to v. Show that the
following conditions are equivalent :
(i) Vg =0
and (ii) g (T(X, Y), z) + g (Y, T(X, Z)) = 0.
2+7=9

1 P.T.O.
 2. If a Riemannian manifold admits a sem"i-
symmetric metric connection whose Ricci tensor
vanishes, show that the curvature tensor of the semi-

·- symmetric metric connection is equal to the Weyl

conformal curvature tensor ofthe Riemannian manifold.
9

3. D~duce Gauss and Weingarten formulae. 9

4. DefineaKahlermanifold.Prove thataprojective
correspondence between two Kahler manifolds
preserving the complex structure is r..ecessarily affine.
1+8=9

Section -B ·'
r

Answer any three questions. 6x3=18

5. Define a linear connection on a sniooth manifold
M in the sense of Koszul. Does there exist a linear
connection on Rn? Give reasons for your answer.
2+4=6

6. When is a smooth manifold said to be

conformally flat ? Show that, if an n-dimensional
(n > 3) Einstein m~nifold is conformally flat, then it
is a manifold of constant curvature. 1+5=6

7. Show that the Ricci tensor field of aRiemannian

manifold is symmetric. 6

2
 8. Prove that a 4-dimensional conformally flat
Kahler manifold is locally symmetric. 6

- 9. Showthatinanalmostcomplex manifold the Lie

derivative of the Nijenhuis tensor with respect to a
contravariant almost analytic vector vanishes. 6

10. Define Riemannian metric. Prove that

Riemannian metric is covariantly constant. 2+4=6

Section - C
Answer all the questions. 3x3=9

11. What do you mean by gradient of a vector field

,,
and Laplacian of a function ? 3

12. Prove that a projectively flat Kahler manifold

of dimension .(>.2) is a flat manifold. ,.. -- ~-

13. Write a short note on conformal transformation.

3·

SN 3 300