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RT Chapter 5

The document summarizes key aspects of X-ray generation and equipment. It discusses the three basic requirements for generating X-rays: a source of free electrons, a means of moving electrons rapidly, and a suitable material for electrons to strike. It also describes the components of an X-ray tube, including the cathode, anode, filament, and focusing cup. As tube current increases, X-ray intensity increases but wavelength remains the same. The majority of energy spent in X-ray generation is lost as heat.

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K Matheson
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140 views3 pages

RT Chapter 5

The document summarizes key aspects of X-ray generation and equipment. It discusses the three basic requirements for generating X-rays: a source of free electrons, a means of moving electrons rapidly, and a suitable material for electrons to strike. It also describes the components of an X-ray tube, including the cathode, anode, filament, and focusing cup. As tube current increases, X-ray intensity increases but wavelength remains the same. The majority of energy spent in X-ray generation is lost as heat.

Uploaded by

K Matheson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RT Chapter 5

1. What are the 3 basic requirements for generating X-rays?

1) Source of free electrons


2) Means of moving electrons rapidly in the desired direction
3) Suitable material for the electrons to strike
2. What 2 electrodes are contained in the high-vacuum envelope of an X-ray tube?

Cathode and anode


3. What portion of the cathode functions as a source of free electrons?

Filament

4. target
The anode houses the ________________, which the electrons strike.

5. What function does the focusing cup perform?

It functions as an electrostatic lens to direct the electrons toward the anode

6. The filament and target are usually made of what material?

Tungsten

7. intensity
As the tube current, measured in milliamperes (mA), increases, the _________________ of the X-rays

wavelength
increases, but the ___________________ remains the same.

8. What is the effective focal spot?


The projected area of the electron beam

9. What factor limits the size to which a focal spot can be reduced, on an X-ray tube target?

The heat generated in target bombardment


10. The majority of energy spent, in X-ray generation, is lost in the form of what?

Heat
11. Fill in the parts of an X-ray tube in the figure below.

8. Cpper
9. Radiator
1. Cathode 4. Electron beam 6. Anode

2. Filament

3. Focusing cup

7. Tungsten target

5. X-rays

12. In radiography, what is the phenomenon known as heel effect?


When the intensity of the electron beam diminishes toward the anode side and increases toward the cathode side

13. List four X-ray machines that can provide energy greater than 500 keV.

1) Resonant transformers
2) Van de Graaff Accelerators
3) Linear accelerators
4) Betatrons

positioning
14. X-ray beam configurations are determined by the target __________________ at the tube anode and

lead shielding
the placement of __________________________ around the tube.

15. What factor determines the penetrating ability of an X-ray machine?

The operating voltage


voltage
16. The higher the ________________, shorter
the greater the electron velocity and the _____________ the
wavelengths of the generated X-rays.

Iron core
17. _______________________ transformers are used to produce voltages up to 400 kVp (peak kilovolts).

18. What is a duty cycle in regards to operating an X-ray tube?

The percentage of exposure time versus total time that the equipment is running
19. What are two reasons for constructing X-ray tubes with lead shielding?

20. Equipment to accomplish safe handling and storage of radioisotope sources, together with the actual

camera exposure device


source, is often called a _________________ or ___________________________.

21. What are the two types of exposure devices as classified by ANSI per N432?

Category 1 and 2
22. Why are all radiographic isotope sources encapsulated?

To reduce the risk of contamination


23. What material is used to shield the radioactive source in a Category I exposure device?

Depleted uranium

collimator
24. A _______________________ may be added to the end of the guide tube in order to restrict or limit
the direction of the radiation beam.

25. Name the gamma radiography equipment in the images below.

Category 1 camera

Source changer

Category 2 camera

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