CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Situation Analysis

       The name yema is from Spanish for "egg yolk". Like other egg yolk-based Filipino

desserts, it is believed that yema originated from early Spanish construction materials.

During the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, egg whites mixed with quicklime and

eggshells were used as a type of mortar to hold stone walls together. Filipinos reused the

discarded egg yolks into various dishes. Among them is yema, which is possibly based on

the Spanish pastry Yemas de Santa Teresa. 

         According to Serna Estrella (5 February 2014) Yema is a sweet custard

confectionery from the Philippines. It is made with egg yolks, milk, and sugar. Yemas

were originally made with only egg yolks and sugar, heated and stirred until the

consistency is thick. They are then shaped into small balls or pyramids and covered in

white sugar. Milk (or condensed milk) later became part of the recipe (probably during

the American period). Modern variations also usually include chopped nuts. Yema is the

Spanish for “egg yolk,” and is most likely a reference either to its golden yellow

appearance or to its composition (traditionally a batter of egg yolks, lime peel, and

sugar). Intensely rich and similar in texture to the French crème brûlée, it is sometimes

made more decadent by the addition of a thin, crisp coating of caramelized sugar.

Wrapped in squares of colorful cellophane, yema can be purchased everywhere, from

sari-sari stores, roadside stalls,to street vendors outside churches, as well as a few select

groceries and bakeries.

         According to Eat Like Pinoy (2020) Filipinos are known to possess sweet-tooth

naturally. It means that we have a natural affection for sugary foodstuffs. We always

crave sweet treats right after a sumptuous meal. As such, this article shall focus on a

renowned Pinoy sweet.  A famous Filipino delicacy, yema is absolutely a favorite for the

young children and the elderly. Yema is a popular delicacy in the Philippines made from

egg yolks, milk, and sugar. Children mostly love it because of its sweet and creamy

custard-like taste. The sweet treat was born and invented during the Spanish colonization

in the Philippines when the invaders had introduced stone-made construction. Back then,

cement was not yet available, so they used quicklime (also known as Calcium Oxide),

mixed with egg white and eggshells as adhesives that made bricks and stones hold

together. Eventually, eggs have become an essential component in the construction of

churches and other buildings. Yema is a soft custard-based Filipino candy made with egg

yolks, sugar, and milk. The mixture is cooked over low heat and continuously stirred

until thickened. They are usually made and sold in the shape of a pyramid or balls that are

wrapped in colorful cellophane plastic sheets.  Yema spread recipe is a modern variation

of this well-loved classic confectionery. It has the same delicious milky sweet flavor but

in a lighter consistency, that is easy to spread. In addition to being a spread, it may also

be used as a frosting, sweetener, or even as a dip. And not only can it satisfy your sweet

cravings, but it can also turn into a simple business venture and a good source of extra

income.

          Some of the last century’s culinary innovations have also made their mark on the

iconic candy. Powdered milk now figures into some yema recipes, and condensed milk

sometimes takes the place of the conventional egg yolks all together (a godsend for the
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novice cook whose inexpert handling might lead to a pot of sticky, sweet scrambled egg

yolks instead of custard candy). A few local candy artisans have also taken advantage of

the increasingly globalized Filipino palate, and have taken to adding exotic ingredients

such as sea salt and chili peppers for an added kick (Jimenez-Lozano 2003). One can use

different types of ingredients in making yema spread. However, making a yema spread

out of fruits can be a unique way specifically if you’re going to use a “BANANA”. It is a

fact that a banana is an elongated edible fruit a berry-produced by several kinds of

large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. In some countries, banana is used

for cooking that called “plantains” distinguishing them from dessert bananas. The fruit

grows in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. Bananas are one of the most popular

fruits worldwide they contain essential nutrients that can have a protective impact on

health making a new flavor of Yema Spread that was usually made from a thickened

sweet condensed that consumers will literally by to spread in their bread. Banana is good

to use in substituting the same food that we usually eat because banana is loaded with

fiber, protein, potassium, calcium, iron (Gupta 2018). Banana can also substitute in

different types of foods and that was making it as flavorful when it did Yema Spread.

          According to Megan Ware, RDN, L.D. on January 13, 2020, Bananas are one of

the most popular fruits worldwide. They contain essential nutrients that can have a

protective impact on health. Eating bananas can help lower blood pressure and may

reduce the risk of cancer. Bananas contain water and fiber, both of which promote

regularity and encourage digestive health. One medium banana provides approximately

10% of a person’s fiber needs for a day. Bananas are also part of an approach known as

the BRAT dietTrusted Source, which some doctors recommend for treating diarrhea.
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BRAT stands for bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. Diarrhea can lead to a loss of water

and electrolytes, such as potassium. Bananas can replace these nutrients. High fiber foods

can trigger bloating, gas, and stomach cramps in people with inflammatory bowel disease

(IBD), according to a 2012 study. However, bananas may improve symptoms, the authors

concluded.

The Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America recommend banana as a snack

food in their diet plan. Bananas contain tryptophan, an amino acid that may help preserve

memory, boost a person’s ability to learn and remember things, and regulate mood.

Bananas are rich in the mineral potassium. Potassium helps maintain fluid levels in the

body and regulates the movement of nutrients and waste products in and out of cells.

Potassium also helps muscles to contract and nerve cells to respond. It keeps the heart

beating regularly and can reduce the effect of sodium on blood pressure. Potassium may

reduce the risk of kidney stones forming as people age. In turn, healthy kidneys make

sure that the right amount of potassium stays in the body. One medium sized banana

contains 422 milligram (mg) of potassium. Bananas are a popular fruit that contain

essential nutrients that help keep a person healthy. It is worth noting that while the

nutrients in bananas can boost health and prevent diseases, eating bananas may not have

the same impact on everyone. However, a diet that is rich in fresh fruits and vegetables

will provide a range of essential nutrients that can help keep a person well.

         The banana can be prepared in many ways for instance. Banana can also help

manage blood pressure and reduce strain on the cardiovascular system (American heart

association). A medium banana provides almost 9% of paean daily potassium needs,

according to the nutritional information. Eating bananas might help also to prevent
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wheezing in children with asthma. One reason for this could be the antioxidant and

potassium content of bananas (Medical) (Now today 2007) laboratory investigation has

suggested that lectin and protein that occurs in bananas nay help prevent leukemia cells

from growing (chronic colitis). Bananas contain tryptophan an amino acid that may help

preserve memory, boost, a person’s ability to learn and remember things.

          According to Jessie Szalay and Jeanna Bryner, Not only do bananas provide a slew

of health benefits, but they are one of the world's most popular fruits. Global banana

exports reached about 24.5 million tons (22.2 million metric tons) in 2020 according to a

preliminary report by the United Nations. About half of them were imported by the

United States and the European Union together. In the U.S., each person eats, on average,

13.4 pounds (6 kilograms) of bananas per year, according to the U.S. Department of

Agriculture, making it Americans' favorite fresh fruit. A wide variety of health benefits

are associated with the curvy yellow fruit. Bananas are high in potassium and pectin, a

form of fiber, said Laura Flores, a San Diego-based nutritionist. They can also be a good

way to get magnesium and vitamins C and B6.

Bananas are good for your heart. They are packed with potassium, a mineral and

electrolyte, which carries a small electric charge. As such, potassium sends an electric

signal to nerve cells that then fire to keep the heart beating and muscles contracting; it

also helps to keep a healthy balance of water in your cells, according to the Harvard T.H.

Chan School of Public Health. Bananas' high potassium and low sodium content may

also help to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system and prevent high blood pressure,

according to the FDA. "High salt intake increases blood pressure, which can lead to heart

disease, while high potassium intake can help relax blood vessels and excrete sodium
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while decreasing blood pressure," according to the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public

Health.

            Banana is a good source of nutrients and also it can boost your appetite while

eating something and it is not that typical food that you can easily reject. Banana are

always the first food you can see in the table during the breakfast, so creating banana

flavored yema spread are a new quality type of food product that can also boost eating of

some people. You can also partner it to anything. Creating a banana flavored yema spread

is a new for our taste and sight, but then it also good to our health because while you are

consuming some sugar on the ingredients of yema spread banana could be the one who

could help that thing for your body not only sugar contains you can get but you can also

get some vitamins because of the banana ingredients. Banana flavored yema spread are

also easy to create, because creating yema spread are also easy, you are just going to add

the slices of banana to get the flavor of it and mix it on the yema spread. Banana flavored

yema spread can be affordable and at the same time it can be attractive to some of

consumer. Banana flavored yeam spread looks like strawberry jam but they are just

different in flavor and how they look. Banana flavored yema spread are healthy food, it

makes also your body healthier while enjoying eating it.

       According to Kim Rose RDN, CDCES, CNSC, LD, Bananas are incredibly healthy,

convenient, delicious, and one of the most inexpensive fresh fruits you can buy. This

makes them an excellent choice for anyone interested in eating healthy. While they’re

native to Southeast Asia, they grow ubiquitously in many warm climates, making them

available worldwide. The Cavendish variety, the most common type found in grocery

stores, starts out firm and green but turns yellow, soft, and sweet as it ripens. Bananas
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contain many essential nutrients and may benefit weight loss, digestion, and heart health.

Bananas contain a fair amount of fiber and several antioxidants. One regular-sized

banana (126 grams) also boasts. One banana provides about 112 calories and consists

almost exclusively of water and carbs. They hold little protein and no fat. Bananas are

rich in soluble fiber. During digestion, soluble fiber dissolves in liquid to form a gel. It’s

also what gives bananas their sponge-like texture.

      Making banana flavored in Yema spread will totally let consumers have a good

expectation and it also gives the same benefit to the consumers Meanwhile, I and my

group are students at Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University taking Bachelor of

Science in Industrial Technology major in Food Trades are conducting and

Experimenting with studies on the acceptability of Banana as a Yema Spread flavor. For

instance, this experiment incorporated banana in a candy custard-based or sweetened and

thickened condensed milk. The development of the Banana Yema Spread flavor was

evaluated according to the appearance, sweetness, taste, firmness, melting quality, flavor,

creaminess, and overall output of the product and the acceptability. Even though

consumers are usually buying the original Yema Spread the study of this new product

would give ideas and satisfaction that a normal Yema spread will improve by adding

several flavors just like the Banana it can be a good study using this kind of fruit which is

the Banana as a Yema Spread flavor. Once proven its acceptability of these the developed

product can give new ideas in the different types of food production.

Statement of the Objectives

This research study aimed to determine and ascertain the level of acceptability of
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using banana as a flavor in making yema spread.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. To Formulate Banana Flavored Yema Spread

2. To evaluate the sensory characteristics of a banana flavored yema spread in terms of

Appearance, Color, Odor, Flavor, Taste, Spreadability

3. To determine the level of acceptability of Banana Flavored Yema Spread

4. To determine the microbiological qualities of Banana Flavored Yema Spread

5. To compute the production cost of the most acceptable treatment.

Therefore, the researchers will utilize the banana in formulating spread which is the

banana yema spread that is not yet available in the market.

Time and Place of the Study

The study will be conducted at the Food Trades Laboratory of the Bachelor of

Science in Industrial Technology Department, College of Technology Don Mariano

Marcos Memorial State University Mid La Union Campus, City of San Fernando, La

Union during school year 2021 – 2022. The microbiological analysis will be examined

and analyzed at the Department of Science and Technology, Regional Office 1, City of

San Fernando, La Union.

Definition of Terms
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The following terms are defined operationally:

Acceptability. It is to embed behavioral studies within the clinical trials used to

evaluate the safety and efficiency of Banana flavor Yema Spread .

Formulate. It refers to the process of mixing the banana in each treatment

Level of Acceptability- to determining how well an intervention will be received

by the target population and the extent.

Microbiological Analysis. To study or test relating to very small living things

such as bacteria and their effects on people.

Sensory Characteristics. It is the sensory attributes include;

Appearance. It is the way that someone or something looks.

Color. It refers to the output appearance of the bitter gourd candy.

Odor. An important characteristic of food, influencing food choice behavior

Flavor. It is the quality of something that affects the sense of taste.

Taste. It is the sensation of flavor perceived in the mouth and throat on contact

with a substance.

Sensory Evaluation. It is a test to determine the acceptability of Banana Flavored

Yema Spread in terms of appearance, color, odor, flavor, taste, and general spreadability

and acceptability.