目录

一、大作文： ......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.社会类（男女） .................................................................................................................................. 2
2.教育类（科技） .................................................................................................................................. 3
3.教育类（学生行为） .......................................................................................................................... 5
4. 抽象类（压力） ................................................................................................................................ 6
5. 教育类（儿童） ................................................................................................................................ 8
6.社会类（老年人） .............................................................................................................................. 9
7.社会类 ................................................................................................................................................ 11
8.健康类 ................................................................................................................................................ 12
9.社会类（工作） ................................................................................................................................. 13
10.国际话题 .......................................................................................................................................... 15
12.犯罪 ................................................................................................................................................. 17
13.动物类 ............................................................................................................................................. 19
14.科技类（电视） .............................................................................................................................. 20
15.教育类（课程） .............................................................................................................................. 21
16.社会类（家庭） .............................................................................................................................. 22
17.科技（太空探索） ........................................................................................................................... 24
18.环境类 ............................................................................................................................................. 25
19. 对比类 ............................................................................................................................................ 26
20.食品话题 .......................................................................................................................................... 27
21. 文化类（语言） ............................................................................................................................. 29
二、小作文： ........................................................................................................................................ 45
（1）、柱状图 ....................................................................................................................................... 45
（2）、折线图 ....................................................................................................................................... 48
（3）、表格图 ....................................................................................................................................... 50
（4）、饼图 ........................................................................................................................................... 51
（5）、流程图 ....................................................................................................................................... 53
（6）、地图 ........................................................................................................................................... 55

一、大作文：

1.社会类（男女）

Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that this is
why they have the greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim
that men are just as good as women at parenting. Discuss two sides and give your
opinion.

From the time they are little girls, females learn about nurturing. First with dolls
and later perhaps with younger brothers and sisters, girls are given the role of
career. Girls see their mothers in the same roles and so it is natural that they
identify this as a female activity. Boys, in contrast, learn competitive roles far
removed from what it means to nurture. While boys may dream of adventures,
girls' conditioning means they tend to see the future in terms of raising families.
从他们是小女孩的时候起，女性就开始了解培育。首先是玩偶，后来也许还有年轻的兄弟姐
妹，女孩被赋予职业的角色。女孩看到他们的母亲扮演着同样的角色，因此他们认为这是女
性活动是很自然的。相比之下，男孩学习的竞争性角色远远超出了培养的意义。虽然男孩可
能会梦想冒险，但女孩的条件意味着他们倾向于在抚养家庭方面看到未来。

Girls also appear to be less aggressive than boys. It is men, not women, who prove
to be the aggressors in crime and in war. Obviously, in raising children, a more
patient, gentle manner is preferable to a more aggressive one. Although there
certainly exists gentle men and aggressive women, by and large, females are less
likely to resort to violence in attempting to solve problems.

与男孩相比，女孩看起来不那么积极。被证明是犯罪和战争侵略者的是男人而不是女人。显
然，在抚养孩子时，更耐心，更温和的方式比更积极的方式更可取。总的来说，尽管男性和
侵略性女性确实存在，但女性在尝试解决问题时不太可能诉诸暴力。

Finally, women tend to be better communicators than men. This is shown in

intelligence tests, where females, on average, do better in verbal communication
than males. Of course, communication is of utmost importance in rearing children,
as children tend to learn from and adopt the communication styles of their
parents.
最后，女性倾向于比男性更好地传播信息。智力测验显示，平均而言，女性在言语交际方面
的表现优于男性。当然，沟通对养育孩子至关重要，因为儿童倾向于学习和采用父母的沟通
方式。

2.教育类（科技）

Computers are widely used in education, and some people think teacher will not
play an important role in the classroom.

Firstly, the creators of any education program and software need to be teachers
or workers in the education system, or programmers who have previously worked
in education. Therefore, although students may gain knowledge by computer, the
skills and ideas ultimately emanate from/derive from the teaching staff.
首先，任何教育计划和软件的创造者都必须是教育系统中的教师或工作人员，或者以前从事
教育工作的程序员。因此，尽管学生可以通过计算机学习知识，但这些技能和想法最终还是
来自教师队伍。

Secondly, while the computer may offer a correct answer or explanation to

students, the comprehension capability of every student varies from student to
student, making it impossible for the computer to offer an explanation catered to
a student’s particular level of understanding. However, the teacher is able to
undertake this task, as he or she possesses expertise in teaching. For example,
when a teacher discovers that many students cannot understand professional
knowledge, he or she may offer explanatory examples. The computer, however,
may only analyze a question in terms of a simple right or wrong response.
其次，虽然计算机可能为学生提供正确的答案或解释，但每个学生的理解能力因学生而异，
因此计算机不可能提供满足学生特定理解水平的解释。然而，老师能够承担这项任务，因为
他或她在教学方面拥有专业知识。例如，当一位教师发现许多学生不能理解专业知识时，他
或她可以提供解释性例子。但是，计算机只能根据简单的正确或错误的反应来分析问题。

Finally, the teachers are invariably responsible for carrying a dual role. Most
teachers act as not only an educator, but also a kind of father or mother-figure in
taking care of students in school. The teacher is able to assist parents in solving a
child’s mental problems other than imparting daily knowledge. The computer,
which is purely an electronic device, cannot hope to assist in this regard.
最后，教师总是负责承担双重角色。大多数教师不仅担任教育工作者，还担任照顾学校学生
的父亲或母亲。除了传授日常知识之外，老师能够帮助父母解决孩子的精神问题。这台纯粹
是电子设备的电脑无法在这方面提供帮助。

3.教育类（学生行为）

In many countries schools have severe problems with student’s behaviour. What
are the causes？What solutions can you suggest?

In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with
fewer children. These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention
because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways.
They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave
as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for
others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes
from.
在许多国家，出生率正在下降，所以家庭规模较小，孩子较少。这些孩子往往被宠坏，而不
是在爱和关注方面，因为工作的父母没有时间这样做，但以更重要的方式。无论价格如何，
他们都可以拥有自己想要的东西，并且可以按照自己的意愿行事。这意味着孩子们长大后不
会考虑别人，也不了解他们的生活水平来自何处。

When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline.
They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the
way that their parents did.
Teachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be taken
to combat the situation. But I think the solution to the problem lies with the
families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their
children. If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social,
responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit.

当他们到达学龄时，他们没有学习任何自我控制或纪律。他们对教师的尊重较少，拒绝按照
父母的方式服从校规。 教师不断抱怨这个问题，应该采取措施来对付这种情况。但我认为
问题的解决方案在于家庭，他们需要更多地了解宠坏孩子的未来后果。如果他们能够引导他
们考虑他人，成为社会责任人，整个社会就会受益。

Perhaps parenting classes are needed to help them to do this, and high quality
nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms
of raising the next generation. The government should fund this kind of parental
support, because this is no longer a problem for individual families, but for society
as a whole.
也许需要育儿班来帮助他们这样做，并且可以建立高质量的托儿所，以支持家庭更多地培养
下一代。政府应该资助这种父母的支持，因为这对个别家庭来说不再是问题，而是对整个社
会来说。

4. 抽象类（压力）

Many people stay off working and studying. What reasons cause stress and how
to solve it?

In the first instance, physical deficiency leads to stress. Malnutrition and insomnia
can cause body dysfunction for stress. We all have an experience that after a
sleepless night, we are of tension the whole day.
首先，身体虚弱导致压力。营养不良和失眠可能会导致身体机能障碍。我们都有一种经历，
在经过一个不眠之夜后，我们整天紧张。

Secondly, fierce competition in work and society causes people’s uneven mood
for a raining day. People have to work hard and learn more in order to adapt to
the fast pace of modern life and make enough money to support their family. No
one wants to be out of date and thus be eliminated by the society.
其次，工作和社会的激烈竞争导致人们在一个下雨的日子里心情不平。人们必须努力工作并
学习更多东西，以适应现代生活的快节奏，并且有足够的钱支持他们的家庭。没有人希望过
时，因而被社会所淘汰。

In the view of above, I think some measures need to be taken to solve this problem.
First and foremost, we should build up a healthy lifestyle. One hand we keep early
hours. On the other hand we ought to eat a variety of food then we can get more
nutrition. Furthermore, we need to find different ways to relax ourselves when we
face severe competition. We can choose mental abundance by filling-up or
cover-up to renew our knowledge. We also can choose travel. Travel can widen
our vision and broaden our minds. A deep impression is left on people by traveling
which dispels their gloomy mood.

鉴于上述情况，我认为需要采取一些措施来解决这个问题。首先，我们应该建立健康的生活
方式。我们一方面保持凌晨。另一方面，我们应该吃各种食物，那么我们可以得到更多的营
养。此外，当我们面对严峻的竞争时，我们需要找到不同的方式来放松自己。我们可以通过
填补或掩饰选择精神丰富来更新我们的知识。我们也可以选择旅行。旅行可以拓宽我们的视
野，拓宽我们的视野。旅行留下了深刻的印象，消除了你阴郁的心情。

5. 教育类（儿童）

Some people say that children should be disciplined in their early age, and
punishment should be used. To some extent do you agree? What kind of
punishment can be used by teachers and parents?

First, punishment can teach children right from wrong. Everyone was born with no
consciousness of right and wrong, he or she should be taught through such
proper method as punishment, which is a direct way to make one sure what he did
has lead to a bad result. Since that, punishment gives child a strong impression
and lets him be well disciplined initially.
首先，惩罚可以教导孩子对错。每个人都是天生的，没有对错的意识，应该通过惩罚等适当
的方法来教导他或她，这是一种直接的方式，可以确定他所做的一切会导致不好的结果。从
那以后，惩罚给了孩子一个强烈的印象，并让他最初受到严格的训练

Second, punishment can teach them a lesson to prevent similar mistake from
happening. According to the first reason I have mentioned, we know that
punishment can influence children deeply and make them be aware if they do
wrong again.
其次，惩罚可以教给他们一个教训，防止类似的错误发生。根据我提到的第一个原因，我们
知道惩罚可以深刻影响儿童，并让他们知道他们是否再次犯错

However, we should encourage mental punishment rather than corporal one,

which will lead to children’s anger and disgust towards parents’ opinion. Some
children, for example, become furious for corporal punishment and leave apart
from their parents without being disciplined. The detailed methods include

distraction of their pocket money, allocation of more housework or deprivation of

their entertainment time to some extent. No matter what kind of methods we take,
it’s worth mentioning that children should not be deprived of their basic human
rights through punishment.
但是，我们应该鼓励精神惩罚而不是下体惩罚，这会导致儿童对父母意见的愤怒和厌恶。例
如，一些孩子对体罚感到愤怒，并且没有受到纪律处分而离开父母。详细的方法包括分散他
们的零用钱，分配更多的家务或在一定程度上剥夺他们的娱乐时间。无论采取什么样的方法，
值得一提的是，不应该通过惩罚剥夺儿童的基本人权。

6.社会类（老年人）

As for elderly, living in caring house is better than living at home with young
children. Present your argument to illustrate whether you agree or disagree.

In the first instance, caring house provides the elderly with comparatively
first-rate facilities and services, which the family is lacking in. Nowadays working
couple need to face intense competition, they need to make more money to
support their family. As a result, working couple have less time to care for old
people especially when the elderly suffer from serious disease. On the contrary,
when old people live in caring houses, nurses can attend their need and advanced
facilities also provide a good treatment.
首先，爱心之家为老年人提供了一流的设施和服务，这是家庭所缺乏的。现在，工作中的夫
妻需要面对激烈的竞争，他们需要挣更多的钱来养家。因此，工作夫妇照顾老年人的时间更
少，特别是当老年人患有严重疾病时。相反，当老人住在关怀房屋中时，护士可以照顾他们
的需要，先进的设施也提供了良好的治疗。

Secondly, in caring houses the older people can meet people of similar age group,
taste and hobby who know more about the elderly. The young generation often
has a different life style from old generation. Besides, the older people need more
serenity and rest while the young need more activities when the elderly choose
living in caring house they need not worry about this problem.
其次，在护理房屋中，年长者可以遇到年龄相近，口味和爱好更加了解老年人的人。年轻一
代往往与老一代有着不同的生活方式。此外，老年人需要更多的宁静和休息，而年轻人需要
更多的活动，当老人选择生活在养老院时，他们不必担心这个问题。

Last but not least, elder people living in caring house can maintain harmony of
family atmosphere. It is quite obvious that there is a generation gap between the
older people and adult children. For example, old people fear change. They adhere
to the traditional principle and customs while young people welcome new idea.
They are always trying new things. It is inevitable that older people and adult
children might have different opinions on something. These differences might
result in the disagreement even discord.

最后但并非最不重要的是，生活在养老院的老年人可以保持家庭氛围的和谐。很明显，老年
人与成年子女之间存在代沟。例如，老年人害怕变化。他们坚持传统的原则和习惯，而年轻
人则欢迎新的想法。他们总是在尝试新事物。老年人和成年子女对某些事物可能有不同的看
法是不可避免的。这些差异可能导致分歧甚至不和谐。

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7.社会类

Over the past 50 years, young people gain status and power but old people have
lost. What is the cause and is it a good development or bad development?

Young people are energetic and vigorous. Most of them have received formal
education in university, where they acquired abundant knowledge and experience,
which are quite essential to their future career. Compared with young people, old
people's knowledge is out-dated, which does not fit in with the development of the
current society. Old people react more slowly than young people, who can always
make quick judges and prompt decisions. Furthermore, young people are more
open-minded than old people who have a tendency of conservation. Therefore,
young people can adapt themselves to the changeable world more easily.
年轻人精力充沛，活力四射。他们中的大多数都接受过正规的大学教育，他们获得了丰富的
知识和经验，这对他们未来的职业生涯非常重要。与年轻人相比，老年人的知识已经过时，
不符合当今社会的发展。老年人的反应速度比年轻人慢，他们总是能够快速做出评判并迅速
作出决定。此外，年轻人比具有保护倾向的老年人更开放。因此，年轻人可以更容易地适应
变幻莫测的世界。

Obviously, this trend brings about both advantages and disadvantages. On the
one hand, young leaders and powers can inject vigor and new hopes to the world,
which not only benefits the development of global economy, but also establishes
multi-lateral relation between the countries in the world. On the other hand, young
people still lack adequate experience and skills to deal with sophisticated national
problems and international relations. As a result, many young leaders in the world
are often criticized for lack of tactics by old people. Some young people are very

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radical when faced with trouble. They still have a lot of things to learn.
显然，这种趋势带来了优点和缺点。一方面，年轻的领导和大国可以给世界注入活力和新的
希望，这不仅有利于全球经济的发展，而且也确立了世界各国之间的多边关系。另一方面，
年轻人仍然缺乏处理复杂的国家问题和国际关系的经验和技能。结果，世界上许多年轻的领
导人常因老年人缺乏策略而受到批评。有些年轻人遇到困难时非常激进。他们还有很多东西
需要学习。

8.健康类

A balanced diet, or eating balanced meals, is the key to a healthy life. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your
answer.

One culture-related reason concerns environmental or climatic conditions. The

Inuit, in the Arctic Circle, live in harsh surroundings and their major source of food
for many months of the year is fish. Nutritionists in industrialized countries would
not consider their diet balanced or even healthy, yet Inuit people have flourished
in food from the sea for centuries. Another cultural reason is religion-based. Many
Hindus are vegetarians because of their religion. Again, many dieticians claim that
vegetarianism is unbalanced because humans need protein, especially from
animals. Hindus, however, seem to be quite healthy, suffering no ill effects from
the lack of animal protein.
一种与文化有关的理由涉及环境或气候条件。北极圈内的因纽特人生活在严酷的环境中，一
年中多月的主要食物来源是鱼。工业化国家的营养学家不会认为他们的饮食平衡甚至是健康
的，但是因纽特人在数百年来从海洋食物中繁衍生息。另一个文化原因是基于宗教的。许多
12

印度教徒都是素食者，因为他们的宗教信仰。同样，许多营养师声称素食主义是不平衡的，
因为人类需要蛋白质，特别是来自动物。然而，印度教徒似乎相当健康，没有动物蛋白质缺
乏的不良影响。

The major reason for disagreeing with the balanced diet argument, however, is to
do with stress. Even though people in the past did not always have a balanced diet,
something existing only on potatoes and bread, they lived healthy lives because
there afflicts urban residents today. Secondly, there are a large percentage of
contemporary people who do their jobs, then relax in front of the TV, and quite
often eat junk food. But seem healthy enough. They may be spared disease by
their relatively stress-free lives.
然而，与平衡饮食争论不一致的主要原因是与压力有关。尽管过去的人并不总是有均衡的饮
食，这种饮食只存在于土豆和面包上，但他们过着健康的生活，因为今天的城市居民受到了
影响。其次，有很大比例的当代人在工作，然后在电视机前放松，并经常吃垃圾食品。但似
乎足够健康。他们可能因无压力的生活而幸免于难。

9.社会类（工作）

Is it fair that sports professionals earn a great deal more money than people in
other important professions? Give both sides of reasons of the argument and
give your opinion.

Firstly, the development of athletic level represents for the power of a country.
Athletes make great contributions to the society and earn great glories to their
country. When our national anthem is played in the stadium, we feel very proud of
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our country's strength. Therefore, a high salary is a reward to the efforts athletes
make.
首先，运动水平的发展代表了一个国家的力量。运动员为社会做出了巨大贡献，并为国家赢
得了巨大的荣耀。当我们的国歌在体育场内播放时，我们为我国的实力感到非常自豪。因此，
高薪是对运动员所作努力的回报。

Secondly, athletes devote themselves fully to the training and exercises. Every
day, they do a lot of exercises with a view to setting new record in the sports
games. Athletes are apt to be hurt in the matches, because some sports games
are dangerous, for example, football, boxing and Wushu. High pay guarantees
prompt and good medical care if they get hurt.
其次，运动员全身心投入训练和练习。他们每天都会进行很多练习，以期在体育游戏中创造
新纪录。运动员容易在比赛中受伤，因为一些体育比赛是危险的，例如足球，拳击和武术。
高工资如果受到伤害，可以保证及时和良好的医疗护理。

Thirdly, the athletic career is very short. Many athletes retire when they are still
quite young. High salary can ensure that they can have a better life after they
retire. If they want a further study, they will have no financial burdens.
第三，运动生涯非常短暂。许多运动员在他们还很年轻时退休。高薪可以确保他们退休后可
以过上更好的生活。如果他们想要进一步学习，他们将没有经济负担。

However, we have also noticed that some athletes cheat the referees and
spectators in order to get money. Some of them even bribe the judges and
referees. The government must take some measures to prohibit this kind of
corruption.
但是，我们也注意到一些运动员为了获得金钱而欺骗裁判和观众。他们中有些人甚至贿赂法
官和裁判。政府必须采取一些措施来禁止这种腐败
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10.国际话题

Many people think that countries have a moral obligation to help each other, while
other argue that the aid money is misspent by the governments that receive it, so
the international aid should not be given to the poor countries in the world.
Discuss the two views of international aid and give your opinion.

Firstly, aids from developed countries optimize people's living standard and
eradicate poverty in the poor countries. Due to the backwardness of science and
technology, people in some undeveloped countries and regions such as Africa,
Latin America and Asia suffer a great deal from poverty, hunger and the scarce of
water. International aids from developed countries have improved their living
environment and helped them with the development of agriculture, industry and
economy.
首先，发达国家的援助优化了贫困国家人民的生活水平和消除贫困。由于科学技术的落后，
非洲，拉丁美洲和亚洲等一些欠发达国家和地区的人民因贫穷，饥饿和缺水而遭受巨大损失。
来自发达国家的国际援助改善了他们的生活环境，并帮助他们发展农业，工业和经济

Secondly, international aids give good medical care and help promote hygienic
condition in the poor countries. Malaria, cholera and smallpox were once severe
threats to people's health. With the help of the World Health Organization and
some developed countries, these diseases have been eliminated soon and the
residents in the infected areas survived these deadly diseases, which would have
devoured millions of lives without international aid.

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其次，国际艾滋病给予良好的医疗保健，并有助于促进贫穷国家的卫生条件。疟疾，霍乱和
天花曾经是人类健康的严重威胁。在世界卫生组织和一些发达国家的帮助下，这些疾病很快
就被消灭了，感染地区的居民幸存了这些致命疾病，如果没有国际援助，这些疾病将吞噬数
百万人的生命。

Finally, aids to the undeveloped countries in turn benefit the donators. Due to the
limitation of natural and human resources, the production cost rises sharply in the
developed countries. With a view to reducing cost, many countries transferred
their assembly lines and production bases to the developing countries, which not
only solves the problem of low rate of employment in the developing countries
but also make full use of the local resources.
最后，对欠发达国家的援助又会使捐助者受益。由于自然资源和人力资源的限制，发达国家
的生产成本急剧上升。为了降低成本，许多国家将流水线和生产基地转移到发展中国家，不
仅解决了发展中国家就业率低的问题，而且充分利用了当地的资源。

11.国际话题
With the fast pace of globalization, the whole world has become a global village
with combination of different cultures. What are the reasons for losing a variety
of languages and cultures? Think of some solution to alleviate the problem.

Most important of all is the objective reason. The essence of globalization is

commercialization and centralization. It is convenient in communication that some
prevalent languages and cultures have its predominance, which makes superior
of the senior and inferiority of the junior. That leads to deterioration of some
minors. These languages and cultures will be overlooked and devalued until they
completely die out.
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最重要的是客观原因。全球化的本质是商业化和集中化。交流方便，一些流行的语言和文化
占据优势。这些语言和文化将被忽视和贬值，直到它们完全消亡。

As concave and convex sides of a nutshell, it has subjective reason. With the
burgeoning of some VIPs, many migrants have swarmed into the dreamlands due
to economic drive and stimulation, meanwhile engaged in local culture
perspective and discarding their native languages and cultures as a ‘betrayal’.
话分两面，它有主观原因。随着一些贵宾的兴起，许多移民因经济驱动和刺激而涌入梦乡，
同时以本土文化的视角，抛弃其母语和文化作为“背叛”

Hence this is a problem which must be solved as soon as possible. We should

remind the world of versatility of the minor cultures through popular media such
as music, artifacts or historical heritage, thus renovating the music festivals
artistic activities and museums. In addition, let more people, especially the young
men, use their own language.
因此，这是一个必须尽快解决的问题。我们应该通过音乐，文物或历史遗产等流行媒体提醒
小众文化的多样性，从而更新音乐节的艺术活动和博物馆。另外，让更多的人，特别是年轻
人使用自己的语言。

12.犯罪

Some people hold that criminals should be sent to prison. Some others think they
should do something else outside prison as the punishment. What is your
opinion?

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Some people advocate that we should let criminals do something else as

punishment. In the first place, they can get better reclamation in this way. Doing
something for society is a good measure, which not only punishes the criminals
but also encourages them to begin a new life as well. Another reason is due to
the limited jail space. Letting criminals do something outside jails decreases the
cost of the government. Finally, the imprisonment of criminals cannot scare off
the criminals. Up to now, there is no evidence showing the direct link between
the implementation of imprisoning criminals and the decline of crime rate.

一些人倾向于让罪犯做其他事作为惩罚。首先，这可以让他们得到更好的改造。为社会做
些公益事业就是个办法，既对罪犯进行了惩罚，还能够鼓励他们开始新的生活。另一个原
因是监狱的有限空间，可以降低政府的开支。最后，对罪犯的监禁丝毫也不会威慑到其他
罪犯。到目前为止，没有任何证据表明在监禁罪犯和犯罪率的降低之间存在联系。

Some others approve of the imprisonment of criminals. First of all, it can ensure
a safe living environment to the law-abiding citizens. For criminals like thieves,
robbers, rapists or even murderers, it is improper or even dangerous to let them
get out of jails, because they still pose threats to our society. Second, it is the
best deterrent to those potential criminals. It will make would-be criminals think
twice before they commit a crime. Last but not least, itis a great spiritual
consolation to the victims. Those who suggest setting criminals free lay too
much emphasis on the rights of criminals. They ignore the rights of victims.

另外一些人主张把罪犯关进监狱。首先，这可以为守法者营造一个安全舒适的环境。像小
偷、抢劫犯、强奸犯甚至杀人犯，释放他们是不合理甚至非常危险的，因为他们仍然对社
会构成威胁。其次，这是对罪犯最好的威慑。这可以让想要犯罪的人在犯罪之前再三考虑。
最后一点，这是对受害者的一种精神上的抚慰。那些不同意关押罪犯的人过度强调了罪犯
的权利，而忽视了受害者的权利。

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13.动物类

Some people think killing animals for food is cruel and unnecessary and some
people think is essential for dairy diet. How do you think about the both issues?
Discuss and give your opinion.

On the one hand, some animals can bring help and joy to humans. It is very
common to see some people play games with a dog or other kind of cute pets in
a park. The laughter tells us how enjoyable and harmonious it is to raise a pet in
the family. It is well known that a fierce cat can keep mice away from the family
and a well-trained dog can lead blind people to walk in the street without causing
traffic accidents. For these reasons, these animals are our companions and killing
them, say, pets, is quit unacceptable.
一方面，一些动物可以给人类带来帮助和快乐。看到一些人在公园里与一只狗或其他可爱的
宠物玩游戏是很常见的。笑声告诉我们在家庭养宠物是多么愉快和谐。众所周知，凶猛的猫
可以让老鼠远离家人，训练有素的狗可以导致盲人在街上行走而不会造成交通事故。出于这
些原因，这些动物是我们的伙伴，杀死它们，比如宠物，是不可接受的。

On the other hand, many kinds of animals such as cattle and fowl are the source
of food. It is reported that without eating meat for a couple of months, one may
suffer from deficiency diseases. Eating an appropriate amount of meat every day
is essential for keeping us healthily alive. Moreover, meat-processed industry has
enjoyed a boom for hundreds of years, and millions of people are engaged in the
relevant occupations. Hence any acts against this industry may result in a
considerable amount of lay-offs, destabilizing society.
另一方面，牛和禽等许多动物是食物的来源。据报道，几个月内不吃肉，可能会患上缺乏症。
每天吃适量的肉对保持我们的健康活力至关重要。此外，肉类加工业数百年来一直处于繁荣

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期，数百万人从事相关职业。因此，任何针对这个行业的行为都可能导致相当数量的裁员，
破坏社会稳定。

Finally, I will conclude this debatable topic with my own opinion. Man is the
supreme living thing in the world. Humans have rights to take advantage of any
kind of animals. Pets should not be killed because raising pets can offer a more
enjoyable and helpful family life, and people should stick at eating traditional food
like beef, poultry and pork owing to an essential need .
最后，我会用我自己的观点来结束这个有争议的话题。人是世界上最高尚的生物。人类有权
利利用任何种类的动物。宠物不应该因为饲养宠物可以提供更愉快和有益的家庭生活而被杀
害，人们应该坚持吃基于需要的传统食物，如牛肉，家禽和猪肉。

14.科技类（电视）

Television is still a relatively new invention, yet it has had profound effects on
China and on Chinese's lives.

People today on the average spend several hours a day watching television. In
times past, they would sit on their front steps and visit on nice evenings. This
neighborly visiting built close friendships, but it seldom takes place any longer.
Even though families may all watch TV together, they may not communicate much.
Some women have called themselves "sports widows" because their husbands
spend every spare minute watching televised football, baseball, and other sports.
今天的人们平均每天花几个小时看电视。在过去，他们会坐在前面的台阶上，在晚上去拜访。
这种睦邻友好的友谊，但很少发生。尽管家人可能都一起看电视，但他们可能沟通不多。一

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些女性称自己为“体育寡妇”，因为她们的丈夫每分钟都要花费电视观看足球，棒球和其他
运动。

On the other hand, people have learned more about the world because of
television. People in small towns know more about the city, and people in cities
have learned about the country. Politicians, celebrities, wars, and disasters appear
in the living room. Programs take viewers to the bottom of the sea, the tops of
mountains, and even outer space.
另一方面，人们由于电视而更多地了解世界。小城镇的人们更了解这座城市，城市里的人们
也了解了这个国家。客厅里出现政客，名人，战争和灾难。节目将观众带到海底，山顶甚至
外太空

15.教育类（课程）

College students should give priority to practical courses over traditional ones?

Every subject performs a unique and important role in a student's personal and
mental development. It is true that practical courses like computer science and
business courses are very useful and students who are adept at them will have a
unique advantage in seeking a job. However, if they know nothing beyond these
job-oriented skills, they will become robots rather than human beings. As a result,
nations, in the long run, will lose their cultural identities.
每个科目在学生的个人和智力发展中发挥独特而重要的作用。确实，计算机科学和商业课程
等实用课程非常有用，擅长他们的学生在寻找工作时将具有独特的优势。但是，如果他们除

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了这些以工作为导向的技能之外什么都不知道，他们将成为机器人而不是人。因此，从长远
来看，各国将失去其文化特征。

In fact, knowledge of history and geography is an integral part of human beings'

overall qualities. This knowledge, which may seem less practical, is fundamental
and necessary to shape students as useful members of society. For example,
history teaches people about the development of their country, thus establishing
a sense of national identity and pride. People with acknowledge of geography are
generally more environmentally conscious.
事实上，历史和地理知识是人类整体素质的重要组成部分。这种看似不太实际的知识对于塑
造学生成为社会中有用的成员至关重要。例如，历史教会人们关于他们国家的发展，从而建
立一种民族认同感和自豪感。具有地理知识的人通常更具有环境意识。

16.社会类（家庭）

It is generally acknowledged that the relationship among family members is not as

close as it used to be. Give possible reasons and your recommendations.

The first reason is that people spend more time on their studies and work.
Nowadays, people face fierce competition and suffer from great pressure. As a
result, they have to devote more time and energy to their careers. Some people
are too busy to spare time for their family.
第一个原因是人们花更多时间在学习和工作上。如今，人们面临激烈的竞争，承受着巨大的
压力。因此，他们必须投入更多的时间和精力来开展职业生涯。有些人忙于为家人腾出时间。

What is more, many jobs require people to work in other cities and many children
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have to leave their parents at an early age to study or work elsewhere. As time
passes, these people become emotionally estranged from their families.
更重要的是，许多工作要求人们在其他城市工作，许多孩子不得不从小就离开父母到其他地
方学习或工作。随着时间的推移，这些人与家人在感情上疏远了。

The alienation among families is also attributed to the increasing number of

entertainments available. High technology brings modern people more interesting
things which can easily attract their attention, such as watching TV, surfing the
Internet or playing video games. Consequently, people are addicted to these
activities, totally neglecting the feelings of their family members.
家庭之间的疏远也归因于可用娱乐的数量不断增加。高科技给现代人带来了更多有趣的东西，
这些东西很容易吸引他们的注意力，比如看电视，上网或玩电子游戏。因此，人们沉迷于这
些活动，完全忽略了他们家人的感受。

Last but not least, people are now more independent than before. Apart from
their family, they can easily get help from their friends and it is much easier to
make more friends as a result of the rapid improvement in telecommunication.
Therefore they are not as dependent on their families as before. To bring families
closer, people put forward various suggestions. First, we should spare more time
with our family members, no matter how occupied we are. Second, teach children
the sense of family when they are still young. Last but not least, the government
should organize activities to promote public awareness of the importance of a
harmonious family relationship.

最后但并非最不重要的是，人们现在比以前更独立。除了他们的家人，他们可以很容易地从
朋友那里得到帮助，而且由于电信的快速改善，结交更多的朋友更容易。因此他们不像以前
那样依赖家人。为了让家人更亲近，人们提出了各种建议。首先，我们应该让我们的家人有

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更多的时间，不管我们多么忙碌。其次，在孩子还年轻时教孩子们家庭的感觉。最后但并非
最不重要的是，政府应该组织活动来提高公众对和谐家庭关系重要性的认识。

17.科技（太空探索）

Space travel to the moon is cited as a big step for the mankind. Some people think
it made little difference to our daily lives. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

In the first place, the investment of time and money in space exploration could, in
future, be paid back to humanity many times over; especially the discovery of
resources in outer space could be of great benefit to our planet. It is universally
acknowledged that, the shortage of natural resources, nowadays, becomes one
of the most severe problems throughout the world. There is possibility of finding
some resources available on the moon, which may help us to solve the intractable
problem.
首先，时间和金钱在太空探索方面的投资可能在未来多次被偿还给人类;特别是在外层空间发
现资源可能对我们的地球有很大的好处。普遍认为，现在自然资源的短缺已成为全世界最严
重的问题之一。有可能在月球上找到一些可用资源，这可能有助于我们解决棘手的问题。

Besides, the potential that other planets, taking the moon as an example, hold for
colony could prove to be a salvation of the human race. Due to /the population
explosion on earth, humans begin to worry about the limited living space for their
offspring. Therefore, it may be wise to exploit a completely new living space.

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此外，以月球为例，其他行星占据殖民地的潜力可能证明是人类的拯救。由于地球上的人口
爆炸，人类开始担心他们的后代有限的生存空间。因此，开发一个全新的生活空间可能是明
智的。

On the other hand, some political analysts claim that the Space Race has led to
unnecessary competition between nations and a consequent failure to cooperate
and collaborate on international issues. Moreover, many sociologists argue that
colonies in space would create more social problems than they would solve.
Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh its
demerits.
另一方面，一些政治分析人士声称，太空竞赛导致国家之间不必要的竞争，导致在国际问题
上未能合作和协作。此外，许多社会学家认为，太空殖民地会造成比他们所能解决的更多的
社会问题。尽管如此，我仍然赞成太空旅行，因为它的优点远大于它的缺点。

18.环境类

Some people hold that the development of modern technology leads to

environmental pollution and energy shortage. Do you agree or disagree?

The development of technology has been responsible for pollution. Modern

industry, as well as modern traffic conveniences, has created a serious problem
of air contamination. The “green house effect” is now threatening the existence
of mankind. Since the population of the earth is increasing very fast, humans
must make the earth support the increasing population. This has made it
necessary for agriculture and industry to develop rapidly. Such a rapid
development produces more and more waste, which goes into the water, the soil
and the air. Some of it is made harmless. However, where there is too much of it,
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the poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around the people.
技术的发展造成了污染。现代工业以及现代交通便利造成了严重的空气污染问题。 “温室
效应”现在威胁着人类的存在。由于地球的人口增长速度非常快，人类必须使地球支持不断
增加的人口。这使得农业和工业迅速发展。如此快速的发展会产生越来越多的浪费，进入水，
土壤和空气。其中一些是无害的。但是，如果有太多的废物，有毒废物可能会对人们周围的
事物造成很大的伤害。

With the development of technology, the amount and range of materials taken
has increased. It is estimated that this trend will continue in the years to come.
However, natural resources are not inexhaustible and some resources are already
nearly used up. For example, the end of the world’s fuel is already within sight.
Such essential daily items as water is in short supply in many parts of the world.
With the expansion of industrialization, requirement for energy all over the world
is on the rise. Consequently, we have a great need for energy because of the
rapid growth of our economy.
随着技术的发展，所采用材料的数量和范围也在增加。据估计，这一趋势将在今后几年继续。
然而，自然资源并非无穷无尽，有些资源已经基本用完。例如，世界燃料的终点已经在眼前。
在世界许多地方，水这种基本的日常用品供不应求。随着工业化的扩大，全球对能源的需求
正在上升。因此，由于经济的快速增长，我们对能源的需求非常大

19. 对比类

When people move to another country, some of them decide to follow the
customs of the new country. Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare
these two choices. Which one do you prefer?

When people choose to follow the customs of their adopted country, they may
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find that it helps them to adapt more quickly to the new society. They have
something to discuss and share with their new neighbours, and sharing customs
is one way for people to feel closer to one another. Thus, following the new
customs may help immigrants feel more at home. It may also help them to see the
positive things in their new environment and to forget their feelings of
homesickness.
当人们选择遵循他们所采用的国家的习俗时，他们可能会发现它有助于他们更快适应新社会。
他们可以与新邻居讨论并分享内容，分享习俗是让人们彼此亲近的一种方式。因此，遵循新
的习俗可以帮助移民更多地感受到家的感觉。这也可能帮助他们看到新环境中的积极因素，
忘记自己的思乡情感。

On the other hand, those who choose to continue following their own customs
may also find that it helps them feel more at home. There are many things to
adjust to in another country, and following their traditional customs may help
people feel more secure in the new surroundings. More importantly, our customs
are a part of us. They are an expression of the culture that has shaped us. This is
something that most of us would like to pass down to our children and share with
others. Sharing our old customs can also bring us closer to our new neighbours.
另一方面，那些选择继续遵守自己的习俗的人也会发现，这有助于他们感到更加自在。在另
一个国家有很多事情需要调整，遵循他们的传统习俗可以帮助人们在新的环境中感到更安全。
更重要的是，我们的习俗是我们的一部分。它们是塑造我们的文化的表达。这是我们大多数
人想要传递给我们的孩子并与他人分享的东西。分享我们的旧习俗也可以使我们更接近我们
的新邻居。

20.食品话题

What are your opinions about the advantages and disadvantages of “fast food”
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and “traditional food”?

Fast food, as its name implies, is usually quick to prepare. When making
sandwiches, for example, people take a slice of ham plus two pieces of bread and
put them together-that’s all there is to it. This presents a great advantage in this
fast-moving modern society. It saves a lot of time, so that people can devote more
energy to the work and gain a competitive edge.
顾名思义，快餐通常是快速准备的。例如，在制作三明治时，你需要一片火腿加两片面包，
然后将它们放在一起 - 这就是它的全部。这在这个快速发展的现代社会中具有很大的优势。
它为您节省了大量时间，以便您可以投入更多精力来开展工作并获得竞争优势。

Moreover, sandwiches are easy to make, and people don’t have to be a good
cook to prepare the lunch or dinner. The ingredients are ready-made, and all
people have to do is to put them together. However, some people frown on fast
food, believing that it is less tasty and less nutritious. Some people even call fast
food “junk food.”
此外，三明治很容易制作，你不必做一个好厨师准备你的午餐或晚餐。配料是现成的，你所
要做的就是把它们放在一起。然而，有些人对快餐不满，认为它不好吃，营养也不够。有些
人甚至称快餐为“垃圾食品”。

On the other hand, traditional foods generally involve elaborate preparations.

Because of all the efforts people invest in the preparation of such meals, they
usually look and taste better, which may enhance the appetite. The cooking of
traditional food accommodates a number of factors, such as color, smell and
taste, and most importantly, nutrition. Besides, the cuisine that is related to
traditional food is part of any culture. But the cooking of traditional food tends to
be time-consuming, involves the use of utensils and takes time to learn. On top of
all this, traditional meals are usually much more expensive than fast food.
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另一方面，传统食品通常需要精心准备。由于您在准备这种餐食方面所做的所有努力，他们
通常看起来和口味更好，这可能会增强您的食欲。传统食物的烹饪适应多种因素，如色彩，
气味和味道，最重要的是营养。此外，与传统食物有关的美食也是任何文化的一部分。但传
统食物的烹饪往往是耗时的，涉及使用器具并需要时间来学习。除此之外，传统膳食通常比
快餐昂贵得多。

Fast food started out as an expedient to cater to those who can’t afford the time
to cook or the expense of traditional food. Now it has become part of our life. Like
it or not, it is here to stay. On the other hand, traditional food is an inalienable part
of our culture, which we can’t afford to give up. So, all in all, the co-existence of
the two kinds of foods only makes our life more colorful.which, in the long run, is
essential to achieving sustainable economic development and ensuring the
survival of human beings.
快餐开始作为一种权宜之计，以迎合那些无法负担得起时间做饭或以传统食物为代价的人。
现在它已成为我们生活的一部分。不管喜不喜欢，它都留在这里。另一方面，传统食品是我
们文化中不可分割的一部分，我们不能放弃。所以，总而言之，两种食物的共存只会使我们
的生活更加丰富多彩，从长远来看，这对于实现经济的可持续发展和确保人类的生存至关重
要。

21. 文化类（语言）

Several languages are dying out every year. However, some people do not think it
is important and claim that our life will be simpler with fewer languages. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

Admittedly, various communication tools have inevitably posed a severe threat to

a smooth and harmonious exchange among distinct countries where languages
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are differentiated. As a result, maybe misunderstanding or even conflict will ensue

due to lack of a thorough understanding. However, resorting to depriving some
languages of existence to solve that problem of communication is far from a
perfect methodology.
无可否认，各种交流工具不可避免地对不同语言区分的不同国家之间顺畅和谐的交流构成严
重威胁。因此，由于缺乏透彻的理解，可能会产生误解甚至冲突。然而，诉诸剥夺一些存在
的语言来解决沟通问题远非完美的方法论。

As we know, language is the representative of a nation’s particular culture, so

the disappearance of the former will lead to a void culture. A language, no matter
oral or written, is a definite carrier of fantastic and shimmery civilization
accumulated after a series of generations of a country, hence certifying the
substantial power of culture. How can we tolerate the extinction of language, or
specifically culture? Moreover, what culture signifies is the characteristic root of a
nation. Language dying gradually out means a rootless culture, so a nation will be
not an entity in a true sense.

我们知道，语言是一个国家特定文化的代表，所以前者的消失将导致一种无效的文化。一种
语言，不管是口头的还是书面的，都是经过一系列国家一代人积累的梦幻般的文明文明的明
确载体，因此证明了文化的实质性力量。我们如何容忍语言的灭绝，或者特定的文化？而且，
文化所表达的是一个国家的特征根源。逐渐消亡的语言意味着一种无根的文化，因此一个国
家将不是真正意义上的实体。

Furthermore, if there are only a small number of languages in the world, how
monotonous it is. Each language is the embodiment of the essence of a race,
which is absolutely distinctive from others.

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而且，如果世界上只有少数几种语言，它就是多么的单调。每种语言都是种族本质的体现，
与其他人完全不同.

22. 教育类（高中生选课）

High school students should remain in general schools until 17 years old. Only
then can they know themselves enough to choose the specialty for their future
career. Do you agree or disagree with the statement?

In the first place, the policy tallies with the psychological traits of an average
teenager. An average person won't become mature enough until they reach the
age of 17 or 18. Students at the age of 17 will have a better understanding
about themselves. They learn to be responsible for what they decide.

首先，这项政策符合青少年心理特征的平均水平。按平均算人们只有到了17或18岁的时
候才足够成熟。学生到了17岁的时候将对自己有一个更全面的了解。他们学会对自己所
做的决定负责。

In the second place, staying in high schools for longer years helps student to
enlarge their common knowledge before they choose their speciality, which
enables them to discover their real interests and strong points. With longer
years in high school, students may have more experience which helps to
understand life and the society so that they may choose their speciality
according to the demand of the society. As a result, they may avoid tours.

其次，中学阶段可以帮助学生扩大知识面，然后选择他们自己的专业，这能够使他们发现
自己真正的兴趣和优势。在较长的高中生活中， 学生可以丰富自身的经验，这有助于他
们理解社会生活，使他们可以根据社会的需要选择自己的专业。因此，他们可能会避免走
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弯路。

Of course, I am not denying the merits of leaving high school earlier, before17.
Some people mature earlier not only psychological but intellectually. They may
find quite inappropriate for them to remain in high school until 17. Those who
leave high school earlier to receive higher education or pursue their careers will
certainly possess an apparent advantage over others who don't. Therefore, we
shall allow people to decide for themselves according to their specific condition.

当然，我不否认在17岁之前较早地离开高中也有一些优点。有些人不仅在心理上成熟较
早，在智力上也同样如此。他们可能会觉得留在高中一直到17岁对他们来说是非常不合
时宜的。那些较早离开高中而选择接受高等教育或者追求事业的人，无疑比那些继续高中
学习的人拥有明显的优势。因此，我们应该让人们根据自身的条件做出决定。

23. 教育类（工作）

Nowadays it is difficult for university graduates to find a job. Analyze the

individual and social reason sand offer some solutions.

Graduates themselves are responsible for the situation. Nowadays university

students cannot concentrate on their studies. High technology brings them
many interesting things which can easily attract their attention such as watching
TV, surfing the Internet and playing games. They are addicted to these activities,
totally neglecting their studies. In addition some graduates set too high salary
standard and they are reluctant to seek a job in the less developed areas, where
there are many opportunities for success and career development.Furthermore,
there is no denying the fact that the students better equipped with practical
knowledge are more competitive in job hunting, while those majoring in history,
geography and the like have few job opportunities.
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大学毕业生自己应对此负责。现在的大学生不能集中精力在学习 上。高科技给他们带来
了很多有趣的东西，很容易吸引他们的注意力， 例如，看电视，上网及玩游戏。他们沉
溺于这些，完全忽视他们的学 习。第二，一些学生设置太高的薪水标准而且他们不愿意
去一些欠发达的地区工作，而那些地区有很多成功或事业发展的机会。而且，不可否认，
有实践知识的学生在找工作中更有竞争力，而以历史、地理等为专业的学生工作机会很少。

Should students assume all the responsibility? There are some social reasons,
one of which is the boom of college graduates. For example, in China, only half
of high school graduates were admitted to colleges and universities in 1997, but
in 2001 two-thirds of them entered colleges. Obviously we will experience a
sharp increase in the number of college graduates. Moreover, the world
economy is in depression, which makes the situation of job market worse than
ever. Another reason is that there exist some unreasonable employment
policies such as sexual discrimination and residence permit restriction.

是不是学生应该承担全部的责任呢？还有一些社会原因，其中之一就是大学毕业生的数量
在增加。例如，在中国，1997年仅有一半的高中毕业生可以进入大学，但是在2001年
三分之二的高中毕业生都可以进入大学。很明显在大学毕业生的数量上有了急剧的增加。
而且，全球经济陷入经济萧条，就业形势也因此比以前更艰难了。另一个原因是存在一些
不合理的就业政策，例如性别歧视和户口的限制。

In order to solve the problem, college graduates should spend more time on their
learning to improve their academic performance. They also need to have a
moderate salary requirement. Meanwhile, the government should encourage the
development of the economy to create more job opportunities to young people.
All the unreasonable policies should be abolished.

为了解决这个问题，大学毕业生应该花更多的时间在学习上以提高学习成绩，并且有一个
适度的薪金要求。同时，政府应鼓励经济发展以提供给年轻人更多的工作机会。所有不合
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理的政策应该被废除。

24. 科技类

Air transport is increasingly used to export types of fruits and vegetables to

countries where they cannot be grown or are out of season. Some people say it
is a good thing, but other people think it can't be justified. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion.

First of all, airplanes have made possible the transport of fruits and vegetables
over long distances. In the past when there were no airplanes, this was
completely impossible as fresh fruit and vegetable get bad and rotted easily.
With the appearance of air transport, what would have taken several days, a few
weeks or even months in the past now only takes a couple of hours to be done.
Therefore, fruits and vegetables from faraway places are able to get onto our
tables as fresh as newly picked.

首先，飞机使得水果和蔬菜的长途运输成为可能。在过去还没有飞机的时代，这些事情都
是完全不可能的，因为新鲜水果和蔬菜很容易变质、腐烂。有了空运，原来需要几天甚至
几周、几个月才能做到的事情现在几个小时便可做到了。因此，来自远方的水果和蔬菜得
以新鲜如期地被端上我们的餐桌。

Second, air shipping fruits and vegetables has enhanced the economic
development and the quality of life of the people of both the exporting and
importing places. If the fruits and vegetables of a certain place can be
transported within a short period of time to other places or countries, the local
people and the government would benefit in the first place. This is easy to
understand in that both the local people and the government would have cash in
hand. In the second place, the people and governments of the places w h e r e
fruits and vegetables are transported to are also benefited. The markets would
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have more varieties to offer and the governments would have more tax to
collect.

第二，空运水果和蔬菜促进了输出地和输入地的经济繁荣与人民生活水平的提高。如果某
地的水果和蔬菜能够在短时间内被运送到其他地区或国家，那首先受益的就是输出地的人
民和政府，这一点很容易理 解：因为当地人和政府都有钱了。其次，水果与蔬菜输入地
的人民与政府也会受益：市场上会有更多的品种提供，政府则会有更多的税收来 源。

Sure, air transporting fruits and vegetables consumes large amounts of fuel
and human labour and these make the prime reasons for many people to say no
to it. Besides, due to the high cost of shipment, these fruits and vegetables are
usually very expensive when they finally appear on the markets. However, it is
consumers who decide whether they will buy them or not, therefore, it is always
a good thing that they at least have more choices.

当然，空运水果和蔬菜肯定要浪费大量的燃料和人力，这也是许多人表示反对的主要原因。
除此之外，由于运费高，所以，最终出现在市场上的水果和蔬菜也就必然昂贵。然而，买
与不买是消费者说了算，因此，人们有更多的选择永远都是一件好事情。

25. 媒体类（广告）

Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of
advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

On the television screen, a product may look gorgeous and of good quality. As
a result of it, people often buy goods without enough consideration. Consumers
may not actually need it, but they buy goods impulsively soon after they watch
the advertising. Furthermore, as many customers buy a particular product due
to its advertising campaign, the other people may be affected by the trend,
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even if the product is not the real needs of the society.

很多产品在电视屏幕上看起来质量会很好，很不错。因此， 人们经常不经深思熟虑就掏
钱去买。也就是说，消费者虽然实际上并不需要，但是一看完广告，他们就容易冲动消费。
并且，当很多人由于广告的宣传买了某种商品，其他的人也可能会受此影响跟风，即使这
种商品不是社会真正的需求。

On the other hand, there are various aspects against these arguments.
Moreover, it is people's choice to make a decision to buy goods. Advertising
may be not a cause of customers' buying habits. Individuals have their own
spending habits. If they have got enough disposable income, then the right to
make a decision is given to them. No one actually can judge whether the goods
sold are the real needs of the society or not. In addition, as there should be a
limited amount of disposable income consumers are able to spend, people try
to allocate their budgets. They cannot be simply swayed by those
advertisements.

但是，这种观点又有很多方面站不住脚。首先，买东西是人们自己做出的决定，广告并不
是消费者购买习惯的成因。每个人都有自己的消费习惯。如果收入高，他们完全自己决定
买还是不买。因此，我们无法判断产品销量是否反映社会的真实需求。另外，假设消费者
可支配的收入有限，人们就会尽量安排好花费，他们不可能简单地被那些广告左右。

26. 社会类

Participating in sports is important to physical health as well as spiritual health

and social development. Do you agree?

Firstly, participating in sports can develop one’s temperament and character

spiritually. For example, if a person goes in for a kind of sport in which a team is
involved, he or she needs to learn how to cooperate with other team members
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and how to adjust himself in an emergency. In addition, participating in sports

can cultivate one’s sense of honor and dignity. Athletes taking part in Olympic
Games are such examples and those who have won the games are admired as
heroes of the nation.

首先，参加体育运动能陶冶情操和提高人的精神品质。举个例子，如果一个人参加一种需
要团队合作的运动，他需要学习如何与团队中的成员合作并且在紧急情况中调整自己的状
态。另外，参加体育运动还能培养人的荣誉感和尊严。运动员参加奥林匹克运动正印证了
这点，他们因为赢得了比赛而成为国家的英雄。

Furthermore, participating in sports can hold people together and thus can
indirectly stimulate the social development. Because sports are activities in
which all participants enjoy absolute equality without any discrimination in any
aspect, they can hold together people of different strata in society. As for
professional athletes, it is also important for them to pay attention to their own
education or cultural study; otherwise they will become spiritually unhealthy and
intellectually barren men. It is not the fault of participating in sports though.

此外，参加体育运动有利于民族团结，这样能间接地刺激社会的发展。因为体育是参与者
不受任何歧视并且完全享受平等的运动，体育可以团结社会中各个阶层的人。对于一个专
业的运动员，重视他们自身的教育或者文化的学习是很重要的，否则他们会变成精神不健
康，知识匮乏的人，但是这并不是参加体育运动的缺点。

27. 社会类（寿命）

In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this
phenomenon.

The food condition overall is becoming better and better，and is an important

37

factor that makes people live much longer than before. First of all，foods are
more hygienic. People today drink untainted mineral water， and sterilized skim
milk. Furthermore，foods are more nutritious, not to mention various carefully
designed nutritious products.

食物水平总体上越来越好，这是人们寿命超过过去的一个重要因素。首先，食物变得更卫
生。今天人们喝无污染矿泉水，灭菌的脱脂牛奶。另外，食物比以前更有营养，更不用说
各种各样精心设计的营养品了。

Of equal importance is the rapidly developing national medical care system.

Development of modern technology has always been amazing. Certain diseases
such as tuberculosis, pneumoma，and dysentery are now easy to remedy with
low expense, but in the past, they are all probably lethal. Dental technology
seems developed little except its exorbitantly charged bill，yet the simplest
technology contributes to people’s longevity most.

同样重要的还有快速发展的国家医疗系统。现代科技的发展成果令人惊异。像肺结核、肺
炎、痢疾等疾病的治疗费用很低，但是在过去，这些都是致命的。牙科技术看起来没有改
变多少，除了它高昂的费用，但是这个最简单的科技使人们寿命更长。

Finally，the current stable economic circumstance is also a great influential

factor. Social and economic circumstance has a dramatic effect on people’s
life expectancy. It was reported that Russian life expectancy dropped from 70
to 58 shortly after the disintegration of the previous Soviet Union. Apparently,
people have less pressure in a more stable society, and the less pressure they
suffer, the healthier they are. At the same time，various types of insurance are
readily available，which make people feel safe，therefore indirectly contributes
significantly to longevity of people.

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最后，当前稳定的经济环境也是一个重要的影响因素。社会和经济环境

在人类平均寿命中产生很大的影响。据报道俄罗斯人的平均寿命在前苏联解体后从70跌
落到58。显然，人们在稳定的社会中承受的压力更少。他们承受的压力越少，他们的身
体就越健康。同时，现代人还有各种各样的保险，这使得人们感觉安全，因此也间接地为
人类的长寿做了巨大贡献。

28. 社会类

Some people say the government should not put money in the arts, such as
music, opera and paintings, but instead should spend more money on
construction of infrastructure. Discuss.

Some people contend that artistic and cultural projects will surely bring many
advantages to the whole society. First of all, the projects can help people to
cultivate a better taste for arts and enhance the sensitivity to beauty, thus
enriching their spiritual life and upgrading their quality. A man does not live only
by bread. Furthermore, these artistic projects are certainly not a money waster.
They are potentially profitable. A beautiful city will attract more tourists, thereby
boosting its economy. And the money so earned can be further used for the
improvement of our standard of living, as well as for the construction of basic
infrastructure.

有些人认为这些艺术文化工程的确会给整个社会带来很多好处。首先， 这些工程能帮助人
们培养一种对艺术更高的品位，增强人们对美的敏感度，因此丰富了他们的精神生活，也
提高了他们的素质。人并不只是靠面包活着。而且，这些艺术工程当然不会浪费钱财。他
们是有潜在利益价值的。一个美丽的城市会吸引更多的游客，进而推动经济的发展，而且
这样赚来的钱可以进一步用来提高我们的生活质量以及基础设施建 设。

However, views on this issue vary from person to person. Some people hold that

39

priority should be given to basic infrastructure. Nowadays many countries are

still struggling to achieve modernization and many people are still living below
the poverty line. It is without saying that it is difficult to enjoy cultural and
leisure pursuits if one’s physical needs are not satisfied. So, surely no one
would disagree that it is unreasonable to spend government revenue on cultural
projects while millions of people still do not have enough food and clothing.

不过，对于这个问题，人与人的观点是不同的。有些人认为应该优先考虑基础设施建设。
如今很多国家仍然在追求现代化的路上挣扎，还有很多人仍然生活在贫困线以下。毫无疑
问，一个连生理需求都不能满足的人去享受对文化和休闲的追求是很困难的。所以大家都
认为在有上百万人仍然吃不饱穿不暖的情况下把政府收入投在文化项目上是不合理的。

29. 社会类

Some people prefer to stay in the same job for the same company, but others
prefer to change jobs frequently. You should use specific reasons to compare
the advantages and disadvantages of both sides.

The people who prefer to frequently change jobs, usually called “job hoppers”,
are bound to have more opportunities to develop their personal abilities as well
as sociable skills. As a result, they may possess more enthusiasm and ambition
when confronted with work, and they may behave more creatively and
efficiently when challenged by various tasks. However, due to the instability of
their jobs, they are generally suffering great pressure, stress and intolerable
mental pains. They have no other choices but to enforce themselves to keep up
with the fast-paced jobs so that they even forget how to relax.

首先我们借前者的职业观来说。想经常换工作的人通常叫“工作漏斗”。他们想拥有更多
的机会去提高个人能力和社交技能，面对工作可以有更多的热情和抱负。在他们挑战不同
工作时，他们将会获得更多的创造力和更高的效率。不过由于脑力劳动通常会给他们带来
40

很大压力以及无法忍受的脑力劳动之苦。他们别无选择，只能强迫自己加快节奏地完成那
些工作，甚至忘记如何去放松。

On the other hand, there are also people who prefer to stay in the same job for
the same company. The advantages of this attitude towards career consist in
the relatively stable income and less competitive stress under most
circumstances. Besides, as their working experience increases, they are more
likely to acquire promotion or have their pay raised. Nevertheless, compared
with people holding the former attitude, the latter have their own disadvantages,
such as the same old routine work and narrow horizon.

另一方面，也有人更喜欢待在同一家公司做同样的事情。这种职业观的优点是，在大多数
情况下能有一个相对稳定的收入和没有太大的竞争压力。此外，他们的工作经验也会有所
提高，也更有可能提高自己从而得到更多的薪水。然而，相对而言，人们比较支持前者的
观点，认为后者有不少缺点，比如说，同样的惯例工作和狭隘的视野。

30. 对比类

Some people prefer to plan activities for their free time very carefully. Others
choose not to make any plans at all for their free time. Compare the benefits for
planning free-time activities with the benefits of not making plans. Which do you
prefer-planning or not planning for your leisure time?

When people carefully plan their leisure time, they will not waste any time on
decision making or last-minute preparations. This saves them time and,
therefore, makes them feel that they have more free time to enjoy. Planning
ahead also allows people to take advantages of the opportunity to participate in
certain restricted activities. For example, by planning ahead, they can buy
tickets for a concert or play that may later be sold out. Finally, being better

41

prepared for an activity not only saves time but can make the outing more fun
and more meaningful.

当人们仔细规划休闲时间后，就不会浪费时间做决定，或是最后才仓促地准备。这样做能
节省时间，因此会让他们觉得可以享有更多的空闲时间。提前计划也让人们可以利用机会
去参加某些受限制的活动。例如， 假如事先有规划，就可买到晚一点就买不到的音乐会
或戏剧演出的门票。最后，为活动做好准备不仅可以节省时间，还能让旅游更有乐趣， 更
有意义。

However, unplanned leisure time also has its advantages. With no commitment
to take part in a certain activity or meet a friend at a certain hour, the
non-planner can take advantage of last minute changes and opportunities. On
the other hand, if someone has looked forward to a baseball game all week, it is
very disappointing if it is cancelled due to rain. Last but not least, unplanned
leisure time can be more relaxing. During the workweek, we must all be punctual
and face deadlines. Some people prefer to make their free time as different
from that as possible.

然而，对休闲时间不做任何计划也有好处。因为不用参加特定的活动， 也没有和朋友相约
在某个时间见面，所以不做计划的人就能在最后一刻改变主意并利用机会。另一方面，假
使有人整个礼拜都在期待能去看棒球比 赛，若球赛因雨取消，这实在是一件非常令人失
望的事。最后一项要点是，不做计划的休闲时间能使人更加放松。在工作日，我们必须都
很准时，且要面临最后期限的压力。有些人希望空闲时间能尽可能和工作时有所不同。

31. Individuals have nothing to do to improve the environment. Governments and

large companies can do something to improve the environment. Do you agree or
disagree?

Firstly, it is the responsibility of the government, representative of the people, to

spare no efforts to ameliorate the environment. To be more specific,
government should stage some relevant laws and regulations to severely punish
42

factories which produce a great number of pollutants and those who litter or
spit deliberately. Furthermore, large sums of money should be invested in the
improvement of the environment, such as the treatment of waste water, trash
recycling and so on.

首先，政府作为人民的代表有责任竭尽所能地去改善环境。具体来说， 政府应该出台相
关法律法规对制造大量污染物的工厂及故意乱扔垃圾、随地吐痰的人进行严惩。另外，应
投入大笔资金来改善环境，比如污水的治理，垃圾的回收等。

In addition, large companies, on the other hand, should establish the self-
consciousness to minimize the possibility of creating pollutants, which may not
only be beneficial to the whole country but also to the companies themselves.As
an illustration, some transnational corporations are striving to explore some
newly-burgeoned industries of high-tech content, high additional value and low
energy consumption, taking the place of some high contaminative industries.

此外，大公司应该自觉把制造污染物的可能性降到最小化，这对国家和公司本身都有很大
的好处。例如，一些跨国公司正大力开发一些高技术含量、高附加值和低消耗的新兴产业
来代替那些高污染的产业。

Last but not least, it is the top priority of individuals to improve their living space.
There is a popular saying which goes like this: “It is everyone’s obligation to
protect the environment.” Most importantly, we should strengthen the
consciousness of environmental protection, not only strictly being
self-disciplined but also supervising people around. So to speak, it is
unreasonable to claim that individuals have nothing to do with environmental
protection.

最后，个人应把改善我们赖以生存的环境作为头等大事来看待。就像一句很流行的话所说
的那样：“保护环境，人人有责。”最重要的是，我们应该加强自身的环境保护意识，不
仅要严格约束自己的行为，同时还要监督身边他人的行为。因此，认为个人与环境保护毫
无关系的想法是毫无道理的。
43

44

二、小作文：

（1）、柱状图

The graphs below show the types of music albums purchased by

people in Britain according to sex and age.

开头段：

The three provided graphs represent data on the type of music albums

purchased by the different age groups in England. As is observed,（引

出描述的套句） Rock is most popular music type among the three music

categories and people purchasing classical music album are mostly

over 45 years and male listeners purchased more album than that of

females.

中间段：

1.总体描述：

In all cases, men purchase more music albums than women did.

2.受欢迎程度的对比：

Rock and pop music are more popular among young British while

classical among the people over 45 years.

3.最值的描述以及对比：

The market of rock music albums is mainly dominated by men with a

purchase record of over 30% compared to 16% purchase done by

women.

4.引出描述的套句：

From the first graph, it is obvious that interest in pop music seems

steady among the population who aged from 16 to 44 and after people

turn to 45 years, they continue to buy pop type music albums, the ratio

decreases nevertheless.

5.年龄段的描述：

From the first graph, it is obvious that interest in pop music seems

steady among the population who aged from 16 to 44 and after people

turn to 45 years, they continue to buy pop type music albums, the ratio
decreases nevertheless.

Among the population of 16 to 34 years old, the rock music is most

revered.

6.与。
。相反的情况：

Opposite to the classic music graph, the interest in rock music keeps

falling after people reach their mid-thirties and a sharp fall after the

age 45 is visible.

（2）、折线图

The graph below compares the number of visits to two new music sites

on the web.

开头段：

1. show 的替换词：
 The graph exhibits the public interest of using two new music

websites named Music Choice and Pop Parade in the period of 15

days’ time.

2. 不稳定和波动的表达：

According to the graph, the trends were totally unstable and have

swung extremely.

中间段：

1. 第二个时间段的连接：

The statistics of Pop Parade shows the starting point of 120000

visitors on the first day and decreased during the following 7days

with the minimum number of visitors of 40000 on the 7th day.

2. 两个波动幅度的对比：

The fluctuation of Music Choice website wasn’t as extreme as the

Pop Parade in the first week. The Music Choice started with 40000

visitors in the 1st day and the same number of visitors on the 7th

day with small amount of changes during this week. In the 2nd week,

both of the websites had the increasing interest of visitors i.e. Pop

Parade reached to 140000 visitors on the 11th day and Music

Choice reached to 120000 on the 12th day, and after some

oscillations, the websites ended the 15 day period with 180000 and

80000 respectively.

3. 最值：
 According to the chart, the rate of 180000 was the maximum of

viewers that belongs to Pop Parade and Pop Parade has More

public interest for the viewers altogether than the Music Choice

within these two weeks.

（3）、表格图

The table shows the worldwide market share of mobile phone

manufacturers in the years 2005 and 2006.

开头段：

The table data shows the leading mobile phone manufacturers’ global

market share in 2005 and 2006. Generally speaking, Nokia had the

highest global market share of cell phone both in 2005 & 2006 and the

market shares of Nokia, Motorola and Sony Ericsson increased in 2006

than their share in 2005.

中间段：

1. 引出描述的套句：
 As is presented, Nokia had the largest market share (one-third of

total) in 2005 and their market share increased by 2.5% next year.

2. 上升了：

Motorola had the second highest market share comprising over 17%

in 2005 and their market share increase by roughly 4%.

3. 与之前年份相比：

Samsung had been able to maintain the third position for their

worldwide mobile phone market share, though their share

decreased to 11.8% in 2005 compared to 12.7% in the previous

year.

4.基本都下降的情况：（采用对比的写法）

On the other hand, Sony Ericsson and L.G both had more than 6%

market share in 2005. In 2006, though Sony Ericsson’s market

share increased by 1%, L.G’s market share decreased. BenQ Mobile

had the lowest market share in the cell phone market and their share

dropped to half in 2006 than the previous year. All other mobile

manufacturers’ market share comprised over 19% in 2005 and that

reduced to slightly over 16% as Nokia, Motorola and Sony Ericsson

had been able to secure more market share worldwide.

（4）、饼图

The pie charts below give data on the spending and consumption of
resources by countries of the world and how the population is

distributed.

开头段：

The given pie charts show data on world population, the spending of

people in basic needs and their share of resource consumption. As is

presented in the graph, people of the world spent most of their

amount for their foods and more than half of the population lives in

Asia whereas more than half of the resources are consumed by the

USA and European people.

中间段：

1. 总体描述：

According to the first pie chart, people of the world on an average

spent 24% on foods.

2. 倍数

In clothing, they spent 6% while this percentage is double for

housing and triple for the transport.

3. 剩余的：

The remaining 40% is the combination of other categories for

spending.

4. 10%的表达：

The second pie chart shows that more than half of the world

populations live in Asia continent while Europe & America have both

only 14% of the total population. One-tenth of the world population

lives in Africa and rest of the 5% people live in other places of the

world. Finally, the third pie chart shows that though that 60% of

world resources are consumed by the population of USA and

Europe though their percentage is only 28% in total. The remaining

40% resources are shared among the rest of the 72% world

population of other regions of the world.

（5）、流程图

The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology

collects up-to-the-minute information on the weather in order to

produce reliable forecasts.

开头段：

The given diagram shows how the weather information is collected by

Australian Bureau of Meteorology to provide accurate and updated

weather forecasting. As is observed from the given illustration, the

weather information collection is done via satellites, radars and drifting

buoys and then analysed before broadcasting them to the public.

中间段：
1.引出描述的套句以及 namely 的用法：

As is presented in the diagram, the weather information is collected

using three different types of sources namely, satellites, radars and

drifting buoys. The raw data collected from satellites is basically

satellite photos while radar information is observed from the radar

screens and the synoptic charts are yielded from the drifting buoys

and these three types of data are fed into a computer system to

analyse and prepare the weather news for broadcasting.

2.下一步：

After that, the weather, the news is broadcasted in different public

media like televisions, radios and telephones. The final information

regarding the weather is provided to the public via TV news, radio

broadcasting and as a recorded announcement in devices like

telephones.

（6）、地图

The maps illustrate how Meadowside village and Fonton, which is a

neighbouring town, have developed over three different time periods

(1962, 1985 and the present).

开头段：

1.面积上的增加：

Overall, Meadowside village increased in size and has become

Meadowside Suburb as it merged together with Fonton. Furthermore,

there have been significant changes in infrastructure, housing and

facilities over the period given.

中间段：

1． 非谓语动词做后置定语：

In 1962, both Meadowside and Fonton were completely separate with

no roads or rail connecting them. While Fonton had a railway line

running through it to the north, Meadowside, located to the west of

Fonton, only had a small road from the west.

2.改变：

By 1985, there was a considerable growth in the size of Meadowside

village and Fonton. The small road in Meadowside village had been

converted into a main road and was also extended to the east to

connect with Fonton. Meadowside, moreover, had also developed a

housing estate in the west, a leisure complex and a supermarket in the

south.

3.定语从句：

Currently, both Meadowside, which is now a suburb, and Fonton are

joined. The railway line, which runs through Fonton, has been extended

to the west where a train station has been built. To the north of the

station, a hotel has been constructed and opposite the station, to the

south, there is now a business park.