Drowsiness And Alcohol Detection with Engine

Locking
Janapamula Pavankalyan
Avagaddi Prasad Dept. Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Dept. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sasi Institute of Technology & Engineering
Sasi Institute of Technology & Engineering Tadepalligudem, India
Tadepalligudem, India [email protected]
[email protected]
2022 3rd International Conference on Communication, Computing and Industry 4.0 (C2I4) | 978-1-6654-7497-9/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/C2I456876.2022.10051464

Kakileti Murali Krishna

Alapati Sai Ganesh Dept. Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Dept. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sasi Institute of Technology & Engineering
Sasi Institute of Technology & Engineering Tadepalligudem, India
Tadepalligudem, India [email protected]
[email protected]

Abstract— At present days most accidents happening caused present scenario, the number of accidents increases and it
by drunken driving and Drowsiness. These accidents are causes an increase in deaths and injuries. Which are mainly
increasing deaths and economic losses. The cause of drowsiness caused due to drunk and drowsy driving is the major reason
is continuous driving for long distances and stress levels in for accidents. As the Ministry of road transport and
working places is reduced in sleeping then it leads to sleep Highway, in India [2] road accidents and the number of
driving. To control these types of accidents, we are people who die due to road accidents, from the year 2015-to
implementing this model, in this model blink sensors and MQ3 2020 are reported. Fromthe Fig.1 We can observe the number
alcohol sensors are used. The blink and alcohol sensors output of accidents, deaths, and injuries. Analysis of these accidents
will be sent to Arduino, and the vehicle will be controlled using are 25% - 30% by sleeping in driving and alcohol [5].
Arduino output. Based on the drowsiness and the alcohol level Accidents can reduce using the Detection of Drunk Driving
of the driver. The sensor will sense the level of drowsy time of
and Drowsiness. It can be done by blink sensor and mq3
sleep and the alcohol sensor defects the consumption of alcohol
sensor with Arduino. Programmed code in Arduino for an
from the driver if it exceeds the specific value, turn ON buzzer
and lock the automobile. Then we reduce the maximum automatic engine locking system to detection of drunk
accidents by drunken driving and drowsiness. Driving and Drowsiness. The below Fig.1 shows about graphical
representation of road accidents, deaths, and injuries.
Keywords— Arduino Atmega32, blink sensor, mq3 alcohol
sensor, driver safety, Locking system, Arduino IDE.

I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays accidents are increasing day by day. The
majority of accidents are caused by a drowsy and drunken
state The driver travels a long distance continuously without
sleeping or drinking alcohol which increases the risk of road
accidents. Many of these accidents happen on highways and
expressways, including large vehicles. The road accidents to
reduce this cause the best normal approach is, to take a rest
before driving and the drivers who are traveling for long
distances should take a break regularly from driving. The main
requirement of this model is identifying drowsy and drunk
situation of a driver and gives the alert at the early stages.
This device is acceptable to the driver. this means the driving Fig.1 Graph about road accidents, deaths, and injuries
person does not wear any unnecessary attachments like glass,
This uses a blink sensor to detect the sleeping driver and
or helmets. The information has been gained by sensors
the mq3 sensor detects Driving Under the Influence (DUI) of
through continuously observing the driver’s behavior.
alcohol [6], it can be used to lock the engine so the sleeping
According to National Highway Traffic Safety
person can’t drive the vehicle. An engine locking control
Administration (NHTSA) estimates that 21% [1] of accidents
system to prevent drowsy or drunken driving accidents. In
are caused by drowsiness. It is not the only problem for drivers
the previous models, they can analyze the microcontroller
it is also affected travelers who are traveling beside. In the

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unit. For this model, the Arduino board microcontroller is B. Blink sensor
used on this model it without using extra Hardware to run the The An infrared sensor is an electronic instrument it is used
code. to sense certain changes by detecting infrared radiation, it
The components of the model are the Blink sensor, depends on the wavelengths the eye blink sensor senses the
Arduino Uno, Buzzer, Led, and DC motor. The software code is eye blink using infrared. A change across the eye will vary
Arduino nano. And tinker cad simulator was used for the as per eye blink If the eye is closed, the output is high
design of the circuitdiagram. So, we Implement this model to otherwise the output is low. This type of technology is often
reduce the maximum number of accidents due to drowsiness used in night vision goggles and also knows the temperature
or drunken driving. By implementing this model system in of the objects using IR rays. Fig.4 shows blink sensor
vehicles by adding a new safety feature in automobiles. The
IoT-based system is designed was continuously monitor with
different parameters of the driver. And GPRS and GSM
techniques are added to the model and the maximum
number of accidents can be reduced.

II. SYSTEM DESIGN

The proposed system block diagram of this model is shows
in Fig.2. It has low price and Simple in design. It consists of
hard hardware components. Which is Arduino Uno, power
supply, alcohol and blink sensor, indicator, buzzer, relay.

Fig.4 blink sensor

C. Alcohol sensor
The MQ3 sensor is a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas
sensor The sensor is made of aluminum oxide coating with a
Fig.2 proposed system Block diagram Tin Dioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer. more sensitivity to
alcohol and low sensitivity to (benzene, methane, hexane,
A. Arduino propane, and carbon monoxide). The sensitivity level can be
adjusted with the help of a potentiometer in MQ3. It takes
the 5v supply and concentration sensing range of 0.04 mg/L
to 4 mg/L. temperatures to operate -10 to 50°C. Fig.5 shows
alcohol sensor

Fig.3 Arduino UNO

Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board on ATmega328P. It
has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analogous inputs USB
connection, a power jack, and a reset button. The clock speed
is 16MHz.the input voltage between 7v and 12v. By the Fig.5 alcohol sensor
using (Arduino IDE) software the program had been written
and dumped into the Arduino Uno.
D. Dc motor
The motor converts electrical energy into mechanical
energy. If the dc supply is using this then we can call it a dc

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motor. The dc motor has two leads first one is positive and
another one is negative. In this methodology, the motor is
connected with Arduino. The blink sensor is sensed the dc
motor will stop running slowly. Then the driver is perfect
there is no blink sensor sensed thin e dc motor, the motor
sensed continuous running.
E. Buzzer
The purpose of buzzer is to provide indication of a certain
operation. The buzzer uses different types of mechanisms
like mechanical, electromechanical. The buzzers were
usually powered by DC supply. And it has various
applications like alerts alarms, and other sirens. Based on
Arduino’s instruction it works and make sounds.
F. Indicating unit
The indicating unit is used to indicate the system is on/off.
And it indicates the red light to stop the vehicle, and it
indicates the green light it’s safe to drive. Based on
Arduino’s instruction it works and shows the indication.
And is indicative of whether the alcohol and drowsiness are
present or not by indicating led (light emitting diode).
G. Power supply
9v power supply is used to the Arduino Uno with battery,
led, dc motor and buzzer can be taken 3v power supply form
the Arduino (3v pin)
III. IMPLEMENTATION

1. Algorithm
1. POWER ON THE SUPPLY Fig.6 flowchart
2. CHECK THE DROWSINESS AND ALCOHOL
CONCENTRATION
3. System operation
3. IF DROWSINESS IS DETECTED The microprocessor reads the perceived analog voltage
values. The 10-bit Arduino has 8 channels and converts
3.1 OFF THE VEHICLE ENGINE
analog voltage on a pin to a digital number. Either 0 or 1
3.2 ALARM & INDICATION ON will be processed by the system as analog to digital (ADC)
4. IF ELSE ALCOHOL IS DETECTED values. The analog readings from both sensors (the blink
4.1 OFF THE VEHICLE ENGINE sensor and the MQ3 alcohol sensor) will be scaled to a rate
4.2 ALARM & INDICATION ON of % this rate of percentage corresponds to the
5. ELSE analog voltage values in ppm (part per million) [7],[5]. In
this model two different stages for two sensors. The first
6. VEHICLE RUNS AS USUAL
one is a slightly drunk stage and the next is the drunkenness
7. GO TO STEP 1 stage for the alcohol, also two stages for drowsiness first
2. Flowchart one is the normal blinking of the eyes and the second one is
The flowchart of the system is shown in Fig6. It consists of the drowsiness stage. Every stage executes the task based on
mainly four steps. The first stage is boosting the system, their condition. In stage one, it only indicates the led and
next stage is detecting the drowsy and alcohol. The third buzzer off the vehicle engine runs normally. When the
stage measuring the alcohol or drowsiness, in this stage the second stage the indication and buzzer will on the vehicle
alcohol is beyond the limit gives the input to the Arduino, stops running slowly. To indicate the back side vehicles.
and if the drowsiness is more than the prescribed set limit it The back side driver can alert after seeing the indication of
gives the input to the Arduino. Final stage if any one of the vehicle. Crashes can be reduced by indicating the back
them exceeds the limit the vehicle will not start or turn the side of the vehicle
engine slowly in running conduction 4. Software implementation
The input from both the sensors and sensing devices and
programming unit, Buzzer, Indicating unit, dc motor. the

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 code was written in Arduino sketch and embedded into are taken from the MQ3 sensor and microcontroller checks
ATMEGA328 microcontroller program memory. The hex the data and send the command to ignition system. The
file was created by using Arduino IDE [4]. the above Fig.7 driver drunk the more alcohol they unable to control the
shows software implementation for this model. vehicle. Then the indication & Buzzer ON and engine OFF.

V. RESULT
Table1. Characteristics of alcohol
PPM Detection Indication Buzzer Ignition
Level System
of
Alcohol
0 OFF Green OFF ON
Fig.7 Software implementation 100 OFF Green OFF ON
200 OFF Green OFF ON
IV. DISCUSSION 300 ON Red ON ON
we have to do some tests on the model. To find the accuracy 400 ON Red ON OFF
of the alcohol and blink sensors and working functions of 500 ON Red ON OFF
indicating unit, dc motor, buzzer, and breadboard. and check The above table shows the level of drunkenness.MQ-3
the efficiency of the model sensor works on the principle of change in resistance with
respect to alcohol ppm, by using these tabular values the
i. blink sensor Accuracy
engine locking is obtained by instructions given to the
To measure the accuracy of the blink sensor. TM is the Arduino, to turn off the ignition when the sensor reaches
measuring time or actual time and the TS is the specified above 400ppm. The Arduino compares the change in current
time. If TM is gathered, then the TS the sensor gives the values coming from the sensor. if it reaches to above limit it
input to the microcontroller. The accuracy is related to a will stop.
percentage error. Table 2. Characteristics of drowsiness

> Actu Specifi Detecti Indicati Igniti Buz

al ed time on on on zer
= ( )− ( )
time (TS) Syste
(TM) m
0 4 OFF Green ON OFF
(1) 2 4 OFF Green ON OFF
3 4 OFF Green ON OFF
Equation (1) shows Blink sensor accuracy. At normal 4 4 ON Green OFF ON
condition the vehicle runs normally. when the driver closes 6 4 ON Red OFF ON
the eyes beyond the specific time. Microcontroller send the 8 4 ON Red OFF ON
command to ignition to stop, and indication & buzzer are
ON and Engine will OFF.
ii. MQ3 sensor Accuracy
To measure the accuracy of the MQ3 alcohol sensor. If
the alcohol level is more than the expected value the sensor
passes a signal to the Arduino microcontroller. By using this
formula, we can observe the true values and accuracy.
Equation (2) shows Blink sensor accuracy
= ( )− ( )

(2)
Measure the alcohol by using MQ3 sensor from the driver.
Fig.8 Proposed model circuit
consummation of alcohol is more than measured value the
vehicle is ignition stops and the engine locked. These reading

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