+#& Name Reactions * . , erokerstelo Reaction 3 yee Alkyl bromide ov Alkyl Chlovide chen proeated colth Naz in presence of dary acetone gives alkyl jodide . This weactlon je Kp0co0 as “Finkelstein Reaction” doy - + Na tes I e-mesione? SR torsardty g-es + Nat 973 _, a7 +Nnae0-+ acetone 2) gwasts weackion s- ave prepaised by eating chlowide. in presence OF Alkyl Fluovides kyl bromide ov metalic Fluowider like Age > CoF2 5 SbF3 5 ASE3 5 Mga Fa eke. This weaction is known as ®owastz weaction” R-cl + AGF ——? e-F + age sh: eg. CHs- ee + Age —? CHa-F t+ Agar metby! metny! boride Fluovide8) Wubt2 veaction. 8 Alkyl) balide cohen preaked with sodium In presence oF doy ether t Form higher alkane: ° = \ This veaction is known AS Wurtz PeACIon R-X + 2Na RQ- ae R=R +t 2Nax x N + x eine ; doy . 2CoHe BT + ANA ce eoren CH3, CHa + QNeBr, CH2 I CHS (Butane) (Etpy! bromide) But, when a miatuse oF bLwo AiFRewenr aukyl natide ig uged> Three possible Qikanes ave Formed eg r—> CH3-CH3 (thane) Na Hg-B3e + See eect .. ~CH3 CHg- C2HsBt Ing ties bo CHa cae ( metny! ) ee Prop bromide brvomid 7 X m9) > [i CHy~Ca- (butane) * MeHhane Cannot be Rosmed by lWustz veaction .| inn acacia sly Pitt woadso yw i * hj) halides weach osltn asig! haside and yndesgo coupling ‘seackion when treated with Godlure meas in poesence OF dey etpes to Pow Osky! benzene: The meaction 18 known 4% Wurstz fits Xi meackion - x + R-K QNaG R avy oes O + anax etnet ae 2g. d Br + CHgBe + 2NA CHS dey o Seana Lag! + Q2NaBd- toluene (methy! Benzene5) Fin} Reaction :- Avy! haides cheno treated COT Sodium jn presence of dry ether diavy! is fotm » This weaction js known as “enti Reaction” » av ed 2 avy a a ethes Dipbeoy! + 2nNaer. ©) Fxteda craft's alkylation + When baloavene veack with airy! Chlovide Tm presence oF anhydrous Altls To Fotm aukylbenzene This weaction is Fouidel craft's alkylation cweaction : benzene °g ct cd cA Anby- CHS ‘ol 2 +2CHg - ane oO Cis C4 || Taveas Cy re t 50- meth! CHa 4) ce ) ( ciwaide ) € chlovo- Chior” toluene toluen1) epiedel cwartis acylation :- When hasoarene Tn presence OF anhydoous reacts cofth acyl chlowide Ala to Fowm avy! ketone: this is. Poiedei coart's acylation veaction . a 2 oO + 2CHa-c -Ct yl Chlov0- 2 Acetyl benzene ( Chiovide A clo a ba: uv onns: C-CHa + Quek picts é c-CHS 2 chlovo- of oe yap be0o%®) Ly Chlow0- Gicokopheno ne) 9) Dovo_peocess é- Chlowo benzene fe Fused coith NaoH at high tempevature and pressure (623K and B00 akm) fo presence oF dilute Hcl to Obtain phenol - cd on Ov atthe NacH $23 700 atm a (Chiov. sodium ) (Phenol) \b eenzene Phenoxide® Retwen- Tiemann geactiod © when pheno) Js tareated witb Ch lowe Fon, in agueous Sodium bydvoeide solution Followed by pydso lysis Coitb add, Salicyladehyde fs formed: This weackion fs known as Relmer-Tiemann wmeackion - Hu ona oS oncd3 | a CHCl. NaoH ag. Naoq = . (Phenol) s ¢ Intewmediatre: ond an CHO Haot : CHO Zz ——_~" ; (Salteyaldentde) 10) Kolbe weaction t- The sodium phenowidea tveated coitd Cavbon diowide Ak 3gq2 k: endes ppessune OF 6akm Followed bY acid hydrolysis, sasfoylic acig Fotrned » This TeAChion kolbe's veaction, 8 WS JS knocon-asSat Qna OH 1 + Con. o98k, coona 6oakrmM godiure ) pnenceeid & Sod iuen Sadigy lare A 30° OH —_— COOH (sa a) acid i) Williamson Sqnipesis ‘- Alkyl halide is tweaked coith sodium aikowlide ov sodiure phenowide to give giasey! erbewTs OF alkyl ‘avy! etberss ° e-x + Na-o-R e-0-R +t NOX: ( ctey) (se : (ees) aikoxide \ haside . O-R : o Ne my C3 Pees eyes A a5N 7 (sete) \ hadide12) Stephen | action, 8- Wiben alkane niprile eoteb nacent Nydeeger by 8 chlovide Csnct2) In presend Chlosic acid f+ gives comple wohicb on acd nydvoly sis gives aldenyd@ cofth ammoniur eblotide - T3 nseduced e of Hydto0- R-C =N 4 2CH] gnce *, enc - NM HeL (Alkane Het Nitsi le (irsinehydvo chloride) ___H80la ng REIGHO. + ONHa Cd (aldepyde) ((ammoniue chiovide eg: H3C-C EN + 2fny Scie» (Etpane nitvile) Hes hoe H3- (etnairsine 3-CHO + NHacl \ hyde oid) Céthanad)gbaxd Reaction 3- d Cromyl Chloride conveats metnyl group {nto cwomium complese cobich on add pydvoly sis as commese es aldebyde: this veaction is known as ‘Etavd weaction*® CH CY 4b 2C702Cloe == ov“ 2 coxormy! Ce ) chiovid e) [x20 ce 7 W) Gattesmon = Koch pore och row lation : ene prreated eo oosene. reared ool cavborn Alcs gives When Renz monoeide. presence of anbydvous and uct in es high pressuTe and CusCcle and begnzaidehy de» as gottesman - kecr Fosmylatton : CHO O ls CY 4 Hed Benzaldehyde This reaction ig Known Benzene18) Rosensound Peduction Wren acyl Chlovide Hydsogenaked by using catalyst Paladium oo basic — Sw ppare C@aso4) to Form cowsesponding Qidebyde» This weaction ig ENocoP as Rogenmuod Reduction» a i | _ e-c ch + Ho Pa B0s R-c-H + Hel ed. Pf 2 fT pd -Basey C-H Lia + H2 + Hol: \ ee ; e) CBenzaideryd®) le) Aldo! condensation &~ Pldo\ cod ee Sa ® aAldenydes containing ak least one A- hydvogen ator ctindergo a eseackion fn presence oF dilute alkali (dilute NaH» KOH ov Nascos) avs Cakalyst to fowro BP hyasoey aideny de: Cadel) -This is aidel weaction . known as ag. NaoH, . ae-CHe- HO = ee 7 CH= CH - CHO 1 Q@oebyde) OH R Catdol ) R-cHa-CH-CHR- CHO -H20 7 020 ou Caidot) R-cH =C -CHO ' Rg Ces B- Unsaturated aldehyde)Vv pide! condensation 7¢@ a nucteoohil eophilic f han . gadition- Alimination weaction wopones containi 6 te pyeBogen ieee oF Weast bee 80 Undesgo aldol condensation weaction and give an cea unsatusated ketone CH3 : Ba (oH), ane 4 9CHs ~ F —— Hac- ¢ -CH- C- CHS I | i. oH H ydwowy ~ 4 retry! pertor® -p-one) [retol] A CHS ° — Hac-¢ ¢ - CHS jo. C= CH- ent -3-e0-2 ~Oe © y- mein y!P 1) Cross_aido!_ condensation + when aldol condensatioe is cassied ouk perweer? bo dirre vent aldebydes wo aiFresent ketones OF an d a ketone >» cayled As ov t cudenyde an seaction 3S condensation TE both ajsdenydes ow Ferones conta o kw f= hydTOgP atoms each » ther Q mixtuse oF FO ig Fowmed q+nen the csoss ado!) ud productsoO | a ao HgC-C =C7 cH | Ccroronasdehyde | Bub-2-¢,, sek Condensation 1 Hg c- CH2 -CH=CH C- (2 methyl pent-2-Enal) SH39 CHB oO I u Hgc-CH=C - c-H (2 methy lbut- 2-enal) + CondensaHon 44 a Hac -CH2- C= C-C-H (Pent - 2-enal) .y ) TEE 4 This veaction is given only by Aldehydes paving SO F- hydvogen ators . nniz2avo. weaction :- . Aldeby a Uundesgo Self - oxidation meduction weactlon on heating colts concentrated alkalj . THIS AIS oP example oF dis pvopos tionation aeaction - » In Canniz2zav0 weaction one moleawe of an aldehyde js weduced +o alcohol and Gt Same time second moleute is C@ldizeq +o casbosylic acid salt - eq. Oo 4 2H- C-H [eee de (Sodi ure, (Fosmaideny ) py dzozide) 4 1 A 0 ee + H-C-OH ——— H-c-a Na ! : H (sodium Powreare) (metbanol)- : ® é 2 So _KoH in Meo, A (Benzadehy4e) 5 % fxg CH2-OH + (Potassiam (pheny!metbano| / No Bonzoate ) benzyl alewbol) ,19) Cuoss_Cannizzare weackoo * pa miature OF Foomasdenyde de (aidenye wmeatked with js owidized Ihe and non - enolisable @idehy coith 90 o4-bydvogen) is a stvong base, form oldenyde to f£oomic acid While the othev non-enocligable fs weduced to alcohol . Fosreic acid Fosms sodium formate cotth Nao -On acidification sodiur Pormate is converted into Fowmic add . (Feomaidenyde) — ( Benzasdebyde) Cenc: Nach CHy- OH 0 Ha07 t H-~C - OH- (Phenyl eoetnanal ) ea)20) Clemmensen Reduction §~ The eavoony) group of aldehydes and Ketones 7s veduced to metnylene group (-CH2-) 0 treatment with Zinc-amalganm and concentrated knocon as nydvochlovic acid +his . 2? wseaction is ®Clerpmensen's Reductiod \c=0 + ATH] 22k 2 cone HEL l 7 et —CH2 + OgHs carbony) (1metnstens) geouP jo group aldehyde’ ketone eg: i) CHs ' ee HgC- C=0. + 40H] Zocigscone Hel Hae I, er CAceto ne) (Pcopane) - Dp) CHa - CH2 ~ CHO + GOH) (paoponcl) Zo-Hg conc HC, Cyg-CHa-CH3 t H20- A (evopare)a1) Wolf - kishoew Reductior goup oF aldenydes The casbony! ine nd ketones Ie veduced to HYITAz whith on heating coitb Sodium oT Potassium hydwoxeide %m high boiling golvenr like ethylene glzce) to give bydvocavbon - This Reaction . 2 is Catled as © wolk- kKishnes weduchioo™ - \ = \ —C=0 | HRNENHA ty ae —H20 Covbony! H ore’ group ID < y > Gidenyde 4 ketone 4 = ) KOH , HO~CHp-CH2- OH ~CHo. tND A Merny lene Qvoup eg: ° HoN-NH, 7) CoHs -CHO ae Q@HS-CH=N-NH2 (psopanad) G ydvazo ne) KOH 9 HO- CHa: ~CHa-O! a CH3-CHs -CH3a + No (Po pane) Ary Alkyl cyanide is veduced cofth Sodium and ethane! to give pvimory amines - This fs jnown as Meodius peduct!on + Q-c ent &{H] Salcusov R-CHan pes oy LIALHY Cs asi oe) 1 . eg: CH3-CN + 40H] Na/ C2HsOH, Cha CH2 Re on LIMAHY Cetylarsi oe) 93) Gabsie) phthwaimide syotbesis 2- sabme’ poe This method is used fot the gyntpesis oF primary amioe. Tt involves three Stages - 4) Foomation oF Potassium salt oF phethalimide Prom phthalimide On weaction coftm alcobolic Potassium hydoe/de -* 11) Fowmatkion oF N-alkyl pthatimide rom he potassium salt by meackion coitb ayey! bolide- 11) alkadine bydvolysis oF N-abkyl phtha) imide to Fosm the corresponding primary amineu i ¢ tl Di SN c / auc: KOH Se CX NoH wT H20 q < S oO (phinaimide) (Potassiun> salt oF phthajimide) . oO rp) o é 1h ates R-x . “n-R cn - kx cm Cn - Alkyl pothal imide) “tea rm p >btbatieste) *« peomatic amines cannot be prepared by this method because avy) halide do Not undergo nucleophilic gubstituton with anion formed by phthalimide -4) poe maso—desmasa tions: 4 oo this js good labowatory method. For conver sioo OF an amide into poi mary amine containing one carbon less « qne veackion 7s brought about by coavrning ane amide colth bromine and concentrated agueous KOH solution . ° 1 eS al = A Q-C-NH2 + BT2 + 4kKOH cag) aan R-NH2 2 + 2k@e + KeCOg + 2H20- C1°-amine): Pigs eg: “Oe g 6 A i ae Ss fg 7 C- NH2 + BT2 + 4KOH (aq) (Acetarmid e) CHa-NH2- +2 ber + Kacos + OHDO (methy! ormine) Resta | meackio Qc ¢t e tep doco. e IE is step So25) HOFmano!s exbaustive al lation 37 Fg neated j amine s When @ pv) maty ihtide i } cwofth excess OF PTIMATY ayey ir gives a mietuve oF Secondary + amines testiary amine asong cwoith tetra aby! ammoni im halide - cS R-x R-x Ron Me ae” RAN a (amine) 2° amine) . Oo Ran a RN amine) (Tetvaatky) ammonium halide)» 26) Hofmann Elimination :- When tetraalkylammoniuns hatide is heated with moist Silver oaide 5 it gives guaoternasy AMMonium hydvoride cobich 3g a deliguescent crystalline solid and Strongly basic tike NaoH oo KOH - guatesoatTy Ammonium hydsowide OO strong heating undergo B- elimination to give an alkane othe weaction is Caled Hofmann elimination -e 7 ak ipl? cHo- N(chacts), 7 + AgoHl ana tviethy! pvopylammanium (”? fodide | miost A920 . CH, -CHS \ 2 CHa-CHo~CHe -9N ~ CHa - CHa| dH I CHa - cha anoweid © ) ( Ny N3N-toiebny! propanaremoniure by A[~H20- CH2=CH2 + CHa CHa CHa N= CHa CHS (ethene) Ua “CHa CH3 (won- di etry | propon-I -aroine) ,” 27) Sandme yer Reaction 3- The Sandmeyes veaction is 4 chemcay | creackion which Ig used to syernes!2 avy! halides Rrore avy! diazoniun salts, This weactlon js a method Fou Substitution OF AN aromatic amino gtouPp by Preparing diazonium salt that is Followed by tts displacement ond Copper Salt Often Catalyze it uel pHs Ach tN T cm. AD No x: CUBC/ HES pe ae END [CuCN/KCN , ken At CN + 8D 22) Garvermabe mbead en) Bromine and chlosine can be present In the benzene sing by preparing dhe benzene diazonium salt solution with gimiliae halogen acid poesent with copper powers . This ig Gahernmann rpeactioo * cu/ ae al Asc) +N2+Cuxr- AcNox — Hor, ATBTt Not Cux: