Scribd
Upload
41 views

Assignment - 1 - Basic of Protection

Here are the key points about faults in power systems: 1. Faults are classified as either symmetrical or unsymmetrical. Symmetrical faults involve all three phases, while unsymmetrical faults involve one or two phases. 2. Common causes of faults include lightning strikes, tree branches contacting lines, equipment failures, and insulation breakdown over time. 3. Faults can damage equipment and cause power outages if not cleared quickly. Protective relays and circuit breakers are used to detect and isolate faults to minimize their impact. 4. The main types of faults are short circuits, where low resistance allows high currents to flow, and overloads, where high loads cause components to overheat over time. 5

Uploaded by

Vaibhav Thombare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views

Assignment - 1 - Basic of Protection

Here are the key points about faults in power systems: 1. Faults are classified as either symmetrical or unsymmetrical. Symmetrical faults involve all three phases, while unsymmetrical faults involve one or two phases. 2. Common causes of faults include lightning strikes, tree branches contacting lines, equipment failures, and insulation breakdown over time. 3. Faults can damage equipment and cause power outages if not cleared quickly. Protective relays and circuit breakers are used to detect and isolate faults to minimize their impact. 4. The main types of faults are short circuits, where low resistance allows high currents to flow, and overloads, where high loads cause components to overheat over time. 5

Uploaded by

Vaibhav Thombare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Assignment – 1:

1. A 3-phase, 30 MVA, 33 kV alternator has internal reactance of 4% and negligible resistance.


Find the external reactance per phase to be connected in series with the alternator so that steady
current on short-circuit does not exceed 10 times the full load current.

2. A 3-phase transmission line operating at 33 kV and having a resistance of 5 Ohm and


reactance of 20 Ohm is connected to the generating station through 15,000 kVA step-up
transformers. Connected to the bus-bar with two alternators, one of 10,000 kVA with 10%
reactance and another of 5000 kVA with 7·5% reactance.
Calculate the short-circuit kVA fed to the symmetrical fault between phases if it occurs
(i) at the load end of transmission line
(ii) at the high voltage terminals of the transformer

3. The 33 kV bus-bar of a station are in two sections A and B separated by a reactor. Section A is
fed from four 10 MVA generators each having 20% reactance and section B is fed from the grid
through 50 MVA transformer of 10% reactance. The circuit breakers have rupturing capacity of
500 MVA. Find the reactance of the reactor to prevent the circuit breakers being overloaded if a
symmetrical short-circuit occurs on an outgoing feeder connected to it.

4. A generating station has five section bus-bar connected with a tie-bar through 7·5% reactors
rated at 3000 kVA. Each generator is of 3000 kVA with 10% reactance and is connected to one
section of the bus-bar. Find the total steady input to a dead short-circuit between the lines on
one of the sections of the bus-bars (i) with and (ii) without reactors.

5. A generating station has four bus-bar sections. Each section is connected to tie-bar though
20% reactors rated at 200 MVA. Generators of total capacity 100 MVA and 20% reactance are
connected to each busbar section. Calculate the MVA fed to a fault under short-circuit condition
one one of the bus-bars.

6. A small generating station has two alternators of 3000 kVA and 4500 kVA and percentage
reactances of 7% and 8% respectively. The circuit breakers have a rupturing capacity of 150
MVA. It is desired to extend the system by a supply from the grid via a transformer of 7500 kVA
and 7·5% reactance. Find the reactance of the reactor connected in the bus-bar section to prevent
the circuit breakers being overloaded, if a symmetrical short-circuit occurs on an outgoing feeder
connected to it. Assume the bus voltage = 3300 V

7. The 33 kV bus-bars of a station are in two sections P and Q separated by a reactor. The section
P is fed from four 10 MVA generators each having a reactance of 20%. The section Q is fed
from the grid through a 50 MVA transformer of 10% reactance. The circuit breakers have a
rupturing capacity of 500 MVA. Find the reactance of the reactor to prevent the circuit breakers
from being overloaded if a symmetrical short-circuits occurs on an outgoing feeder connected to
A. Take base MVA as 50 MVA.
1. Classify Fault and write their causes and effect on the power system?
2. State Normal and Abnormal Conditions of power system?
3. Explain the necessity and function of protective system?
4. What is zone of protection? State and explain the different types of zone of
protection?
5. What do you means Fault in electrical circuit? Define short circuit and
overload fault?
6. Distinguish between Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Fault?
7. State the relationship between Percentage Reactance, Base KVA, and Base
KV?
8. What is reactor? Classify it on the basis of their location?

You might also like