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Text Book Question & Answer: Question 1. Fill in The Blanks: (A) Microorganisms Can Be Seen With The Help of A

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This document discusses microorganisms and contains questions and answers about microorganisms. It addresses topics like the different types of microorganisms including bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses, and fungi. It discusses how microorganisms can be helpful by fixing nitrogen, aiding digestion, and in food production, but can also cause harm as pathogens. It addresses questions about the role of microorganisms in processes like fermentation, how they are seen, the groups they belong to, and precautions for antibiotic use.

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Text Book Question & Answer: Question 1. Fill in The Blanks: (A) Microorganisms Can Be Seen With The Help of A

Uploaded by

Nisha Thapa
73 views4 pages
This document discusses microorganisms and contains questions and answers about microorganisms. It addresses topics like the different types of microorganisms including bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses, and fungi. It discusses how microorganisms can be helpful by fixing nitrogen, aiding digestion, and in food production, but can also cause harm as pathogens. It addresses questions about the role of microorganisms in processes like fermentation, how they are seen, the groups they belong to, and precautions for antibiotic use.

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This document discusses microorganisms and contains questions and answers about microorganisms. It addresses topics like the different types of microorganisms including bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses, and fungi. It discusses how microorganisms can be helpful by fixing nitrogen, aiding digestion, and in food production, but can also cause harm as pathogens. It addresses questions about the role of microorganisms in processes like fermentation, how they are seen, the groups they belong to, and precautions for antibiotic use.

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© All Rights Reserved
Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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73 views4 pages

Text Book Question & Answer: Question 1. Fill in The Blanks: (A) Microorganisms Can Be Seen With The Help of A

Uploaded by

Nisha Thapa
This document discusses microorganisms and contains questions and answers about microorganisms. It addresses topics like the different types of microorganisms including bacteria, algae, protozoa, viruses, and fungi. It discusses how microorganisms can be helpful by fixing nitrogen, aiding digestion, and in food production, but can also cause harm as pathogens. It addresses questions about the role of microorganisms in processes like fermentation, how they are seen, the groups they belong to, and precautions for antibiotic use.

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Chapter-2 Subject: -Science

Class- 8th
MICROORGANISMS : FRIENDS AND FOE Session: 2023-2024

Text Book Question & Answer

Question 1. Fill in the blanks:


(a) Microorganisms can be seen with the help of a _________.
(b) Blue green algae fix _________ directly from air to enhance fertility of soil.
(c) Alcohol is produced with the help of _________.
(d) Cholera is caused by _________.

Answer
(a) microscope.
(b) nitrogen
(c) yeast.
(d) bacteria.

Question 2. Tick the correct answer:


(a) Yeast is used in the production of
(i) sugar
(ii) alcohol
(iii) hydrochloric acid
(iv) oxygen

(b) The following is an antibiotic


(i) Sodium bicarbonate
(ii) Streptomycin
(iii) Alcohol
(iv) Yeast

(c) Carrier of malaria-causing protozoan is


(i) female Anopheles mosquito
(ii) cockroach
(iii) housefly
(iv) butterfly

(d) The most common carrier of communicable diseases is


(i) ant
(ii) housefly
(iii) dragonfly
(iv) spider

(e) The bread or idli dough rises because of


(i) heat
(ii) grinding
(iii) growth of yeast cells
(iv) kneading
(f) The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is called
(i) nitrogen fixation
(ii) moulding
(iii) fermentation
(iv) infection

Answer
a) ii)
b) ii)
c) i)
d) ii)
e) iii)
f) iii)
Question 3
Match the organisms in Column I with their action in Column II.

Column I Column II

(i) Bacteria (a) Fixing nitrogen

(ii) Rhizobium (b) Setting of curd

(iii) Lactobacillus (c) Baking of bread

(iv) Yeast (d) Causing malaria

(v) A protozoan (e) Causing cholera

(vi) A virus (f) Causing AIDS

(g) Producing antibodies

Answer

Column I Column II

(i) Bacteria (e) Causing cholera

(ii) Rhizobium (a) Fixing nitrogen

(iii) Lactobacillus (b) Setting of curd

(iv) Yeast (c) Baking of bread

(v) A protozoan (d) Causing malaria

(vi) A virus (f) Causing AIDS


Question 4. Can microorganisms be seen with the naked eye? If not, how can they be seen?
Answer4. No as they are too small. They can be seen with the help of a magnifying glass or
microscope.

Question 5. What are the major groups of microorganisms?


Answer 5. There are five major groups of micro-organisms:

Bacteria They are single celled disease-causing micro-organisms. They can be


spiral or rod- shaped, spherical and comma shaped.

They are mostly multicellular, photosynthetic organisms such as


Algae
Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas, etc.

They mainly include organisms such as Amoeba, Paramaecium,


Protozoa Plasmodium,etc. They can be unicellular or multicellular. They are either
saprophytic or parasitic. Euglena is an exception as it contains chlorophyll.

Viruses are disease-causing microbes that reproduce only inside the host
Virus
organism.

They are mostly multicellular disease-causing microbes. Bread moulds,


Fungi yeast (unicellular), Penicillium, mushrooms are common examples of
fungi. Most of them are saprophytes and some are parasites.

Question 6. Name the microorganisms which can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.
Answer 6. Bacteria such as Rhizobium and certain blue-green algae can fix atmospheric
nitrogen in the soil.

Question 7. Write 10 lines on the usefulness of microorganisms in our lives.


Answer 7. Micro-organisms are too small to be seen through naked eyes.
Here are 10 lines on the usefulness of microorganisms in our lives
1) Bacteria present in our intestine helps in proper digestion
2) The bacterium Lactobacillus promotes the formation of curd.
3) Rhizobium present in the roots of pulse plants fix nitrogen from air and supply nitrogen
compounds to the pulse plants.
4) Microbes are used to reduce pollution. Some microorganisms decompose the organic
waste and dead plants and animals into simple substances and clean up the environment.
5) Micro-organisms are also used in winemaking, baking, pickling, and other food making
processes.
6) Microorganisms are used for the manufacturing of antibiotics. Antibiotics are chemicals
produced by micro-organisms to kill bacteria. Penicillin is an antibiotic made from
Penicillium.
7) Alcoholic fermentation by yeast is widely used in the preparation of wine and bread.
8) Many vaccines are prepared from micro-organisms. These vaccines are given to children
to protect them from disease.
9) Certain microbes are also used in the biological treatment of sewage and industrial
effluents.
10) Yeast is used in making idlis, bhaturas, bread, pastries and cakes.

Question 8. Write a short paragraph on the harms caused by microorganisms.


Answer 8. Micro-organisms cause diseases in animals. In humans, bacteria cause diseases
such as cholera, common cold, chicken pox and tuberculosis etc. In animals, the foot and
mouth disease in cattle is caused by a virus. Also, several microbes cause diseases in plants.
For example, the productivity of wheat, orange, apple, etc. is reduced due to microbial
diseases in plants.

Microorganisms that grow on our food sometimes produce toxic substances which are
poisonous and cause illness and even death. Some micro-organisms such as fungus spoil our
food. For example, bread when left unused under moist conditions gets spoilt by fungus,
producing a white cotton-like growth on the bread.

Question 9. What are antibiotics? What precautions must be taken while taking antibiotics?
Answer 9.
What are Antibiotics
Medicines produced by certain micro-organisms to kill other disease-causing micro-
organisms. There are number of antibiotics that are being produced by bacteria and fungi.
Precautions to be taken while using antibiotics:
1) Antibiotics should be taken under the supervision of a well-qualified doctor.
2) Course of antibiotics should be completed as per the prescription given by the doctor.
3) Antibiotics should be taken in the right amount and at the right time. A wrong dose of
antibiotics makes the drug ineffective. Also, excessive consumption of drugs may kill the
useful bacteria

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