BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

LAWS OF MOTION

Force: - To push or to pull an object is called as force. Basically, Force is an agent which can cause
the change in position, shape or size of the body. Or we can say that
- Force is an external effect in the form of a push or pull
which Produces or tries to produce motion in a body at
rest.
- Stops or tries to stop a moving body.
- Changes or tries to change the direction of motion of
the body.

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Out of so many natural forces, for distance 10−15 metre,
nuclear force is strongest while gravitational force weakest. 𝐹nuclear > 𝐹electromagnetic > 𝐹gravitational .

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The force is completely defined by its

(i) Magnitude

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(ii) The direction in which it acts and

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(iii) Point of application.
The SI unit of force is newton (N).
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The force is a vector quantity, So If more than one forces act on an object, we can find the resultant
force by vector addition.
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̂, 𝑭
⃗ 𝟏 = 𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ − 𝒌
EX – 1 Three forces 𝑭 ̂ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ⃗𝑭𝟑 = 𝟐𝟑𝒋̂ + 𝟑𝒌
⃗ 𝟐 = 𝟒𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂ − 𝟐𝒌 ̂ N act on a block of
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mass 5 kg. Calculate the net force on the particle.

𝐹net = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3
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𝐹net = (3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂) + (4𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂) + (23𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ )

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𝐹net = 7𝑖̂ + 24𝑗̂

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| 𝐹 | = 𝐹 = √(7)2 + (24)2 = 25 𝑁
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Generally, forces are of two types –

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Contact Force – Force which acts on a body when the body is in contact with the force is known as
contact force. Eg – Normal force, String Force (Tension), Friction, Spring force etc.
Non-contact Force – The force which acts on a body when the body is not in contact then the force is
known as non-contact force. Eg – Weight, Electrostatic force, Magnetic Force

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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Before starting about force, we will discuss something about laws of motion.
NEWTONS FIRST LAW – Every body remain in its state of rest or of uniform motion unless and until
an external unbalanced force is applied on it.

In other words – If the net external force on a body is zero, its acceleration is zero. Acceleration can
be non zero only if there is a net external force on the body.

Consider a book at rest on a horizontal surface. It is subject to two

external forces : the force due to gravity (i.e. its weight W) acting
downward and the upward force on the book by the table, the normal
force R . R is a self-adjusting force. This is an example of the kind of
situation mentioned above. The forces are not quite known fully but

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the state of motion is known. We observe the book to be at rest.
Therefore, we conclude from the first law that the magnitude of R equals that of W. A statement
often encountered is : “Since W = R, forces cancel and, therefore, the book is at rest”. This is

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incorrect reasoning. The correct statement is : “Since the book is observed to be at rest, the net
external force on it must be zero, according to the first law. This implies that the normal force R

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must be equal and opposite to the weight W”.

gm
NEWTONS SECOND LAW – The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the
applied force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts.
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∆P dp
F ∝ 𝑜𝑟 F ∝
∆t dt
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d(mv)
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F=
dt
For a body of constant mass
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dv
F=m = ma
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dt
In vector form
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⃗F = ma⃗
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In the second law, F = 0 implies a = 0. The second law is obviously consistent with the first law.
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EX – 2 A bullet of mass 40 gram moving with a speed of 90 m/s enters a heavy wooden block and
it

is stopped after a distance of 60 cm. What is the average resistive force exerted by the block on
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the bullet?

After entering in the block, bullet will experience retardation and will stop at the end. So this
retardation will be given as

u2 902 m
a= − = − = −6750 2
2s 2 x 0.6 s
So therefore the retarding force will be F = ma
40
F= x 6750 = 270 N
1000

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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

̂, 𝑭
⃗ 𝟏 = 𝟑𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂ − 𝒌
EX – 3 Three forces 𝑭 ̂ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ⃗𝑭𝟑 = 𝟐𝟑𝒋̂ + 𝟑𝒌
⃗ 𝟐 = 𝟒𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂ − 𝟐𝒌 ̂ N act on a block of
mass 5 kg. Calculate the acceleration of the particle.

𝐹net = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3

𝐹net = (3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂) + (4𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂) + (23𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ )

𝐹net = 7𝑖̂ + 24𝑗̂

| 𝐹 | = 𝐹 = √(7)2 + (24)2 = 25 𝑁

Acceleration of the block

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𝐹 25
𝑎= = = 5 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑚 5

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𝟏
EX – 4 The motion of a particle of mass m is given as 𝒚 = 𝒖𝒕 + 𝒈𝒕𝟐. Find the force on the particle.

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𝟐
1
The given equation is 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2

gm
2
𝑑𝑦 1
Now, 𝑣 = = 𝑢 + 𝑔 × 2𝑡 ⇒ 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑔𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑𝑣
Further, 𝑎 = = 0 + 𝑔 ⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑔
0@
𝑑𝑡
Therefore Force, F = ma = mg
Thus, the given equation describes the motion of a particle under acceleration due to gravity and y is
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the position coordinate in the direction of g.

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NOTE – Whether a body is at rest or in uniform motion or accelerated, it depends on the frame of
reference. The acceleration of a body is, in general, different when measured from different
frames of reference. Newton’s first law of motion is valid only in the inertial frame of reference.
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The earth is approximately in inertial frame of reference (the earth is not a completely inertial
frame of reference due to the acceleration associated with its rotation and its revolution around
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the sun, though these effects are small). All frames moving uniformly with respect to an inertial
frame are themselves inertial.
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Newton’s first law is special case of second law when 𝑎 = 0.

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NEWTONS THIRD LAW – To every action, there is always an equal and opposite reaction. Action and
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reaction act on two different bodies and in opposite direction. Let us consider with an example given
below.

If a body A exerts a force 𝐹 on another body B (an “action”), then B exerts a force −𝐹 on A (a”
reaction”). These two forces act on different bodies.

Action and reaction act simultaneously, either force can be called action or reaction.

Ex – A man drags a block across a floor by pulling on a rope attached to the block.

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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

𝐹𝐵𝑅 : force on the block due to the rope.

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𝐹𝐵𝑅 : force on the rope due to the block.
𝐹𝑅𝑀 : force on the rope due to the man.

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𝐹𝑀𝑅 : force on the man due to the rope.

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gm
Frame of reference: - A frame in which an observer is situated and makes his observations is
known as his frame of reference.
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Inertial frame of reference: - A frame of reference which is at rest or which is moving with a
uniform velocity is called as inertial frame of reference. In inertial frame of reference Newton’s
laws holds good.
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Non-inertial frame of reference: - A frame of reference which has some acceleration is called as
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non-inertial frame of reference.

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First of all, we will start with the concept of weight.

Mass – The mass of a body is quantity of matter contained in it. The mass of the body which
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determines its inertia in translatory motion is called its inertial mass.

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Weight – The weight of a body is the force exerted by earth on the body towards the centre of the
earth. If ‘g’ is the gravity at any place, then the weight of the body at that place will be W = mg. The
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weight of the body will be different at different places.

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Inertia: - It is the property of material body by virtue of which it resists in change of state of rest
or of uniform motion. It is not a physical quantity but it is the sensation.
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Mass of a body is the measure of the inertia. More the mass then more the inertia.
(i) Inertia of Rest: - The tendency of a body to remain in its position of rest is called inertia of
rest.
(ii) Inertia of Motion: - The tendency of a body to remain in its state of uniform motion along a
straight line is called inertia of motion.
(iii) Inertia of direction: - The inability of a body to change by itself its direction of motion is
called inertia of direction.

Normal Contact Force –

Whenever a body is in contact with a surface, the surface exerts a normal force over it.

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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

When a body loses contact with a surface, the normal force vanishes 𝑁 = 0

Equilibrium – When the net force on the body is zero, then the body is said to be in equilibrium.
Equilibrium is of two types.
(i) Static equilibrium – When the body is at rest. OR In other words - Translation and Rotational

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velocities (will be discussed later) are zero. We discuss about static equilibrium. In static
equilibrium Net force in horizontal direction as well as in vertical direction is zero.

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(ii) Dynamic equilibrium – In Dynamic equilibrium also net force is zero. But here translational or
rotational velocities exist, but they are constant. Here it is possible that translation velocity is

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zero but rotational velocity exist or rotational velocity is zero and translational velocity exist. Eg
– The car is moving on a horizontal road with a constant velocity of 50 m/s.

gm
Free body diagram: - 0@
When a complete system is broken down in isolated small systems and all the forces from
surroundings are represented on it, then such a diagram is called as free body diagram (FBD).
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In a case when there are large no of forces are acting on the system, then in order to solve the
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problem using Newton’s second law we will go as follows.

i. Draw the diagram on the basis of given information.

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ii. Identify the target variable.

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iii. Divide the system into simple isolated systems and draw FBD for each representing all the
forces.
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iv. At the end use the relation, Fnet = ma

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Tension:
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The force exerted by a stretched string on an object to which its is attached is known as tension.
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Tension is a contact force which is present in string. For tension to occur in

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string, String must be tight/taught. Tension is always pulling in nature. It is

applied on the objects which come in contact with the string.

1. If string is light or massless, tension in the spring at every point is same.

2. If string is having mass, the tension in the string at every point is
different.

EX – 5 For the given situation as shown in the figure, the value of θ to keep
the system in equilibrium will be

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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

In equilibrium
𝑇1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑇2 = 60 𝑁 … . . (1)
𝑇1 sin 𝜃 = 60 𝑁 ……..(2)

∴ tan θ = 1  θ = 45°.

Equilibrium of Concurrent Force –

If all the forces working on a body are acting on the same point, then they are said to be concurrent.

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A body, under the action of concurrent forces, is said to be in equilibrium, when there is no change in
the state of rest or of uniform motion along a straight line.

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Lami’s Theorem : For three concurrent forces in equilibrium

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𝐹1
𝐹1 𝐹2 𝐹3  𝐹2
= = 

gm
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛾 

𝐹3
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Acceleration of Block on Horizontal Smooth Surface
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(1) When a pull is horizontal

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R = mg and F = ma
 a = F/m
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(2) When a pull is acting at an angle () to the horizontal (upward)

R + F sin  = mg F sin R
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F
 R = mg – F sin m 
F cos
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and F cos = ma
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𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 mg
𝑎 =
𝑚
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(3) When a push is acting at an angle () to the horizontal (downward)

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R
R = mg + F sin F
a

and F cos = ma m F cos

𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 mg
𝑎=
𝑚 F sin

(4) Acceleration of Block on Smooth Inclined Plane, when inclined plane is at rest
Normal reaction R = mg cos a
Force along a inclined plane m
mg sin
F = mg sin ; ma = mg sin

a = g sin

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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

EX – 6 A block is released on an smooth inclined plane of inclination 𝜽. After how much time it
reaches to the bottom of the plane?

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⊥𝑎𝑟 to the plane ∶ N − mg cos 𝜃 = 0

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𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

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Along the plane: 𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎

gm
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 0@
Acceleration of the block along the plane = 𝑔 sin 𝜃
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ℎ ℎ
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sin 𝜃 = ⇒𝑙=
𝑙 sin 𝜃
Along the plane: 𝑎 = 𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
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1
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑔 sin 𝜃𝑡 2
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2
ℎ 1
= 0 + 𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑡 2
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𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 2
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1 2ℎ
𝑡= √
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𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑔
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Motion of the bodies in contact

EX – 7 Think about the following condition, where two masses m1 and B

m2 are kept side by side and an external force F is applied on mass A. A
F m2
Then we can think of this problem to get the acceleration and normal m1

reaction between them.

First identify the target variables.

It is given that to find the acceleration of the system and normal reaction between them.

The acceleration of the system will be directly as Net force/ net mass i.e.
𝑭
Acceleration, 𝒂 = .
𝒎𝟏 +𝒎𝟐

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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Now to find the normal reaction individual FBD

consider f as the normal reaction between the blocks A and B. now by the a

diagram we can write the equation using newton’s second law of motion as F f
m1

follows , 𝑭 − 𝒇 = 𝒎𝟏𝒂

now for the second body B, there is no direct force acting on it. But there is only a
normal reaction force between the body A and body B. so using newton’s second f m2
law of motion. 𝒇 = 𝒎𝟐𝒂

putting the value of acceleration ‘a’ we can get the normal reaction as follows;

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𝒎𝟐 𝑭
𝒇=
𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐

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If we put the numerical data in this, then many no of problems can be designed.
Further, below a table is given, in that table some questions are given and direct equations along

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with their FBD, which we obtained in this question are also given.

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Condition Free body diagram Equation Force and acceleration
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B
𝒇 = 𝒎𝟏 𝒂 𝐅
A
F 𝐚=
m2 a 𝐦𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐
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m1
f
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m1

a 𝐅 − 𝐟 = 𝐦𝟐𝐚 𝒎𝟏 𝑭
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𝒇=
f F 𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐
m2
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a 𝑭 − 𝒇𝟏 𝐅
𝐚=
= 𝒎𝟏 𝒂
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F f1 𝐦𝟏 + 𝐦𝟐 + 𝐦𝟑
m1
C
B
A
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F m1 m2
m3 a 𝒇𝟏 − 𝒇𝟐 (𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑)𝑭
𝒇𝟏 =
f1 f2 = 𝒎𝟐 𝒂 𝒎 𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑
it

m2
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a 𝒎𝟑 𝑭
𝒇𝟐 = 𝒎𝟑𝒂
𝒇𝟐 =
f2
m3
𝒎 𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑

a 𝒇𝟏 = 𝒎𝟏𝒂 𝑭
𝒂=
m1
f1 𝒎 𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑
C
A B
m3 F a 𝒎𝟏 𝑭
m1 m2 𝒇𝟐 − 𝒇𝟏
𝒇𝟏 =
f1
m2
f2 = 𝒎𝟐 𝒂 𝒎 𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑

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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

a
𝑭 − 𝒇𝟐 (𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐)𝑭
𝒇𝟐 =
f2 F
= 𝒎𝟑 𝒂 𝒎 𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑
m3

EX – 8 Now take one more example, where putting the bodies side by side we
B
consider that if a massless string is connected between two bodies A of mass A
m1 and B of mass m2. By using an external force F the block B is pulled m1
T m2 F

towards right side, then what will the acceleration of the system and what
will be the tension in the string.

Again, first identify the target variables.

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So according to question, we need to find the tension in the string and the acceleration of the
system.

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Now first acceleration of the system can be calculated directly as the total force/total mass of the

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𝑭
system, as 𝒂 =
𝒎𝟏 +𝒎𝟐

gm
Now to proceed further in the question we need to draw the individual FBD of the given system.

This diagram gives idea that we know the acceleration of the body. An external force F is also known.
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Only tension is unknown. a

So using the Newton’s second law of motion we can write the equation for the T F
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m2
system as,
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𝑭 − 𝑻 = 𝒎𝟐𝒂.
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Further for another block a

T
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Here only force present is the force of tension, so we can say that 𝑻 = 𝒎𝟏𝒂 m1

𝒎𝟏 𝑭
Putting the value of a, we can get the value of tension directly as 𝑻 =
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𝒎𝟏 +𝒎𝟐
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Some questions are given in the form of table which can be solved by you directly now using the
concepts learnt earlier.
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Condition Free body diagram Equation Tension and

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acceleration
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a
𝑭 − 𝑻 = 𝒎𝟏 𝒂 𝑭
F T 𝒂=
m1 𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐
B
A
a 𝑻 = 𝒎𝟐 𝒂 𝒎𝟐 𝑭
F T m2
𝑻=
m1 T
m2
𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐

a 𝑻𝟏 = 𝒎𝟏𝒂 𝑭
𝒂=
m1
T1 𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑
C
B
A a
T1 T2 m3 F 𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 = 𝒎𝟐𝒂 𝒎𝟏 𝑭
m1 m2
T1 T2
𝑻𝟏 =
m2 𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑

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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

a 𝑭 − 𝑻𝟐 = 𝒎𝟑𝒂 (𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐)𝑭

𝑻𝟐 =
T2 F 𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑
m3

a 𝑭 − 𝑻𝟏 = 𝒎𝟏𝒂 𝑭
𝒂=
F T1 𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑
m1

a 𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐 = 𝒎𝟐𝒂 (𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑)𝑭

C T1
𝑻𝟏 =
A B m2
T2 𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑
F T1 T2 m3
m1 m2
a
𝑻𝟐 = 𝒎𝟑𝒂 𝒎𝟑 𝑭
T2 𝑻𝟐 =
𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑

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m3

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EX – 9 The blocks are attached by an inextensible light string and pulled vertically upward by force

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100 N as shown. Find the common acceleration and tension in the string.

gm
↑: 100 − 20 − 𝑇 = 2𝑎
5 0@
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↑: 𝑇 − 30 = 3𝑎
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js
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On solving both the equations we get

𝑚
it

𝑎 = 10 ; 𝑇 = 60 𝑁
𝑠2
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Simple pulley or atwood machine –

Consider a pulley which has negligible mass compared to the bodies connected with the string and
has negligible friction on its axle. The string connecting the bodies is also uniform and mass less.
Then tension at each point of the string will be same.

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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Consider a pulley-block system as shown in the figure and find the

T2
acceleration of the blocks and tension in the string connecting the blocks.
P
First identify the target variable. From the given question it is clear that T1
T1
We have to fine the tension in the strings and the acceleration of the
a m1

Blocks. A m2 a

When the blocks are connected to a single rope then the acceleration of the B

both the blocks will be same and it will be in opposite directions.

From the FBD of the block, the equation for mass m1 can be written as T1

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m1 a
𝒎𝟏𝒂 = 𝑻𝟏 − 𝒎𝟏𝒈
m1g

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now the FBD for the block of mass m2

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T1
using the newton’s second law of motion and writing the equation we get

gm
m2 a
𝒎𝟐𝒂 = 𝒎𝟐𝒈 − 𝑻𝟏
m2g
Here we have two equations and two variables those are ‘a’ and ‘T1’.
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Solving both the equation we get the value of acceleration and tension as
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𝑚2 − 𝑚1 2𝑚1 𝑚2
𝑎=[ ] 𝑔 𝐴𝑁𝐷 𝑇1 = 𝑔
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𝑚1 + 𝑚2 𝑚1 + 𝑚2
Further drawing the FBD for pulley only we get.
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From FBD it is clear that 𝑻𝟐 = 𝟐𝑻𝟏.

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Generally, this equation can be used directly, so no need to write this and to T2
increase the no of equations. So it should be clear that the force on support
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from which pulley is hanging will be as F = 2T. But in our case it is T2 which is
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equal to 2T1. Which is given as

𝟒𝒎𝟏𝒎𝟐
ya

𝑻𝟐 = 𝒈
𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐
it

Some other examples are given below in the form of table which can be T1 T1
ad

understood now easily.

EX – 10 For the given figure calculate the tension in the string and acceleration of the system. Also
write the corresponding equation showing their free body diagrams.

Figure Free body diagram Corresponding Tension and acceleration

equation
T
a 𝒎𝟏 𝒂 𝒎𝟐 − 𝒎𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝒂=[ ]𝒈
m1 = 𝑻 − 𝒎𝟏𝒈 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐
m1g sin

11
11
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

P T 𝒎𝟐 𝒂 = 𝒎𝟐 𝒈 − 𝑻 𝒎𝟏𝒎𝟐(𝟏 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽)
T
𝑻= 𝒈
m2 a 𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐
a T
m1 m2g
A m2 a
 B

EX – 11 For the given figure write calculate the value of acceleration and tension in the string. Also
write the corresponding equation showing their free body diagrams.

om
Figure Free body diagram Corresponding Tension and acceleration
equation

l.c
𝒎𝟏𝒂 = 𝑻𝟏 − 𝒎𝟏𝒈 [(𝒎𝟐 +𝒎𝟑 )−𝒎𝟏 ]𝒈
T1 𝒂=

ai
𝒎𝟏 +𝒎𝟐 +𝒎𝟑
T3 m1 a

gm
p m1g
T1

T1 T1 𝒎𝟐 𝒂 𝟐𝒎𝟏[𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑]
m1 𝑻𝟏 = 𝒈
0@
a
m2 a = 𝒎𝟐𝒈 + 𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑
A
m2
m2g + T2
B
5

T2
a6

m3 a 𝒎𝟑𝒂 = 𝒎𝟑𝒈 − 𝑻𝟐 𝟐𝒎𝟏𝒎𝟑

𝑻𝟐 = 𝒈
C T2 𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑
rm

m3 a

m3g
ha

𝑻𝟑 = 𝟐𝑻𝟏 𝟒𝒎𝟏[𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑]

T3 𝑻𝟑 = 𝒈
𝒎𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 + 𝒎𝟑
js
ra
ya

T1 T1
it

If pulley also contains mass, then the strings on both sides has different tensions. Also one more
ad

equation is required and that equation is of torque, which will be given as

Difference in tensions x radius of the pulley = moment of inertia of the pulley x angular acceleration.

Torque = (𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐 )𝑹 = 𝑰𝜶

12
12
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

EX – 12 The pulley is light and smooth; the string are inextensible and light. The system is released
from rest, find the acceleration of each block, tension in the strings and reaction in pulley.

↓: 50 − 𝑇1 = 5𝑎

↓: 30 + 𝑇1 − 𝑇2 = 3𝑎

om
l.c
ai
↑: 𝑇2 − 20 = 2𝑎

gm
5 0@
a6

Solving (i) , (ii) and (iii), we get

rm

𝑎 = 6 𝑚/𝑠 2.
ha

𝑇1 = 20 𝑁
𝑇2 = 32 𝑁
js

Pulley:
ra
ya

𝑅 − 2𝑇2 = 0(𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠)

it

𝑅 = 2𝑇2 = 64 𝑁
ad

Where R is the reaction in the pulley.

EX – 13 Two blocks are connected by an inextensible light string, the string

is passing over smooth, light pulley as shown. Find the acceleration of
blocks and tension in the string, reaction in pulley.

13
13
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

↓: 2𝑚𝑔 − 𝑇 = 2 𝑚𝑎

: 𝑇 = 𝑚𝑎

om
l.c
ai
gm
0@
Solving we get,
2𝑔
5

𝑎=
3
a6

2𝑚𝑔
𝑇=
rm

3
Pulley :
ha
js

𝑅 − √2𝑇 = 0
ra

2√2𝑚𝑔
𝑅 = √2𝑇 =
ya

3
Where R is the reaction in the pulley
it
ad

EX – 14 The strings are inextensible and light, the pulleys are smooth and light. Find the
acceleration of each block and tensions in the strings.

14
14
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Drawing free body diagram and representing forces

om
5 𝑘𝑔 ↓: 50 − 𝑇1 = 5𝑎 (i)

l.c
2 𝑘𝑔 ←: 𝑇1 − 𝑇2 = 2𝑎 (ii)

ai
3 𝑘𝑔 ↑∶ 𝑇2 − 30 = 3𝑎 (iii)

gm
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii) we get
20 = 10 𝑎 ⇒ 𝑎 = 2𝑚/𝑠 2
0@
𝑇1 = 40 𝑁
5

𝑇2 = 36 𝑁
a6
rm

EX – 15 Consider the situation shown in the figure. The surface is smooth and the string and the
pulley are light. Find the acceleration of each block and tension in the string.
ha
js
ra
ya
it
ad

Drawing free body diagram and representing forces:

Let a 3 kg block be moving downward. Along the plane:

30 𝑠𝑖𝑛30° − 𝑇
= 3𝑎

15
15
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

In vertical
direction –
𝑇 − 20 = 2𝑎

om
On solving, equations we get

𝑎 = −1 𝑚/𝑠 2 ; 𝑇 = 18 𝑁

l.c
Since the acceleration is negative, i.e. the block of mass 3 kg is moving upward.

ai
gm
EX – 16 In the arrangement shown, inclined plane is smooth, strings and pulleys are massless. Find
𝑻𝟏
𝑻𝟐
5 0@
a6
rm
ha
js

Drawing the forces and acceleration in the system :

ra
ya
it
ad

5 𝑘𝑔: 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒: 50 sin 30° − 𝑇1 = 5𝑎 (i)

3 𝑘𝑔: 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒: 30 sin 30° + 𝑇1 − 𝑇2 = 3𝑎 (ii)

5 𝑘𝑔: ↑: 𝑇2 − 20 = 2𝑎 (iii)
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get

20 = 10 𝑎 ⇒ 𝑎 = 2 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑇1 = 15 𝑁

16
16
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

𝑇2 = 24 𝑁
𝑇1 15 5
= =
𝑇2 24 8

EX – 17 In the arrangement shown, all the surfaces are smooth, strings and pulleys are light. Find
the tension in the string.

om
l.c
Drawing the diagram and representing the forces, and acceleration

ai
gm
5 0@
a6

block A : along the plane

rm

20 sin 53° − 𝑇 = 2𝑎 (i)

ha

Block B : along the plane

js

𝑇 − 20 sin 37° = 2𝑎 (ii)

ra

Adding (i) and (ii) we get

ya

20 (sin 53° − sin 37°) = 4𝑎

4 3
it

20 ( − ) = 4 = 4𝑎 ⇒ 𝑎 = 1 𝑚/𝑠 2
5 5
ad

𝑇 = 20 sin 37° + 2𝑎
3
= 20 × + 2 × 1 = 14 𝑁
5
Uniform Massive rope –

When the string is having some mass, then the tension in the string at all points is not same. It will
be different at all points. So the point where the tension is required just make a cut and consider
them two different blocks joined together with massless string. Now solve this to get the tension.

17
17
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

EX – 18 A uniform rope of length L is pulled by a force F on a smooth surface. Find tension in the
rope at a distance x from the end where force is applied.

Let M be the mass of rope.

𝐹
Acceleration of rope 𝑎 =
𝑀

om
Now we divide the rope into two parts by applying a cut at P.

l.c
ai
gm
𝑀 𝑀
𝑇= (𝐿 − 𝑥)𝑎 𝐹 −𝑇 = 𝑥𝑎
𝐿 𝐿
0@
𝑀 𝐹 𝑀 𝐹
= (𝐿 − 𝑥) = ×
𝐿 𝑀 𝐿 𝑀
5

𝑥 𝑥
= 𝐹 (𝐼 − ) 𝑇 = 𝐹 (𝐼 − )
a6

𝐿 𝐿

We can find the tension at point P by taking either part.

rm

EX – 19 A block of mass M is attached to a uniform rope of mass m. This arrangement is pulled by

applying a force F at the rope as shown. Find the tension in the rope at the mid-point of the rope.
ha
js
ra
ya
it

𝐹
𝐹 = (𝑀 + 𝑚)𝑎 ⇒ 𝑎 =
𝑀+𝑚
ad

At the mid-point of the rope:

𝑚
𝑇 ′ = (𝑀 + ) 𝑎
2

2𝑀 + 𝑚 𝐹
𝑇′ = ( )( )
2 𝑀 +𝑚

2𝑀 + 𝑚
𝑇′ = 𝐹
2(𝑀 + 𝑚)

18
18
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

EX – 20 Two blocks of masses 2.9 kg and 1.9 kg are suspended from a rigid support by two
inextensible ropes each of length 1 m as shown in figure. The upper wire has a negligible mass and
the lower wire has a uniform mass of 0.2 kg/m. The whole system of blocks, wires and support
have an upward acceleration of 𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟐 𝒎/𝒔𝟐. Taking 𝒈 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝒎/𝒔𝟐, find tension at the mid-
point of each wire.

om
l.c
ai
gm
At the mid-point of the upper wire At the mid -point of the lower wire
5 0@
a6
rm

𝑇1 − (0.1 + 1.9)𝑔 = (0.1 + 1.9)𝑎

ha

𝑇2 = 2(𝑔 + 𝑎) = 2(9.8 + 0.2) = 20 𝑁

𝑇1 − (2.9 + 1.9 + 0.2)𝑔 = (2.9 + 1.9 + 0.2)𝑎
js

𝑇1 = 5(𝑔 + 𝑎) = 5(9.8 + 0.2) = 50 𝑁

ra
ya

EX – 21 Three blocks of masses 2 kg, 3 kg, and 5 kg are placed in contact as shown in the diagram.
A horizontal force of 30 N is applied on 2 kg block. Find the contact force between (a) 2 kg block
it

and 3 kg block and (b) 3 kg and 5 kg block.

ad

Considering the blocks as a whole system and writing acceleration

19
19
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

30 = (2 + 3 + 5)𝑎 ⇒ 𝑎 = 3 𝑚/𝑠 2

30 − 𝑁1 = 2𝑎 𝑁2 = 5𝑎 = 5 × 3
⇒ 30 − 𝑁1 = 2 × 3 = 6 ⇒ 𝑁2 = 15 𝑁
⇒ 𝑁1 = 24 𝑁

om
Apparent Weight of a Body in a Lift
When a body of mass m is placed on a weighing machine which is placed in a lift, If the lift is stationary

l.c
in that case the actual weight of the body is mg.
Basically, the reading on the weighing machine is the normal reaction R offered by the weighing

ai
machine to the body. Or this reaction is exerted by the surface of the contact on the body is the

gm
apparent of the body.
If lift is moving with constant speed then there is no effect on the apparent weight of the body, means
0@
the apparent weight of the body will be equivalent to the actual weight of the body. But if lift has
some acceleration also then the apparent weight changes and will be different in different cases.
5
a6

Condition Figure Acceleratio Reaction Conclusion

n
rm

Lift LIFT
accelerating R – mg = ma Apparent weight
ha

R
upward at the a a<g R = m(g + a) > Actual weight
rate of 'a’
js

Spring Balance
ra

mg
ya
it

Lift
ad

LIFT
accelerating
upward at the R
a=g R – mg = mg Apparent weight
g
rate of ‘g’ R = 2mg = 2 Actual weight
Spring Balance

mg

20
20
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

LIFT
Lift
R
accelerating a a<g mg – R = ma Apparent weight <
downward at  R = m(g – a) Actual weight
the rate of ‘a’ Spring Balance

mg

LIFT

om
Lift
R
accelerating g a=g mg – R = mg Apparent weight
downward at

l.c
R=0 = Zero
the rate of ‘g’ Spring Balance
(weightlessness)

ai
mg

gm
Lift LIFT Apparent weight
0@
accelerating R a>g mg – R = ma negative means
downward at a>g the body will rise
R = mg – ma
the rate of from the floor of
5

Spring Balance R = – ve
a(>g) the lift and stick to
a6

mg
the ceiling of the
lift.
rm

EX – 22 A man weighing 50 kilogram is standing in a lift. Find the thrust on a floor of the lift when (i)
ha

lift ascends with an acceleration of 5 m/s2. (ii) Lift descends with an acceleration of 5 m/s2. (iii) lift
js

ascends with uniform velocity of 5 m/s.

Thrust on the floor of the lift is equivalent to the apparent weight.
ra

(i) In case of lift is going upward with acceleration ‘a’, then the thrust will be
ya

N = m(g + a) = 50(10 + 5) = 750 N

(ii) In case of lift is going downward with acceleration ‘a’, then the thrust will be
it
ad

N = m(g-a) = 50 (10 – 5) = 250 N

(iii) In case of uniform velocity, the thrust will be; N = mg = 50 x 10 = 500N

EX – 23 Consider the arrangement as shown in the figure. The lift is moving

with acceleration 𝒈/𝟒 in vertically downward direction. Find the contact
force (a) between the blocks (b) between the lower block and the floor of
lift.

Drawing FBD and writing equtions

21
21
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

𝑔 𝑚𝑔
𝑚𝑔 2𝑚𝑔 + 𝑁1 − 𝑁2 = 2𝑚 𝑎0 = 2𝑚 × =
𝑚𝑔 − 𝑁1 = 𝑚 𝑎0 = 4 2
4
3𝑚𝑔 3𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔
⇒ 𝑁1 = ⇒ 2𝑚𝑔 + − 𝑁2 =

om
4 4 2
9𝑚𝑔
⇒ 𝑁2 =
4

l.c
EX – 24 Consider the situation as shown in the figure. The boy of mass M holds the light rope and

ai
the system is at rest. If m is mass of the box, find the force exerted by the boy on the rope and

gm
contact force between the boy and the box. 5 0@
a6
rm
ha

Boy: Box:
js
ra
ya

𝑇 − 𝑁0 − 𝑚𝑔 = 0
it

𝑇 + 𝑁0 − 𝑀𝑔 = 0
ad

Solving (i) and (ii) we get

(𝑀 + 𝑚)𝑔 (𝑀 − 𝑚)𝑔
𝑇= , 𝑁0 =
2 2
𝑇: force exerted by the boy & 𝑁: contact force between the boy and the box.

EX – 25 A man of mass 60 kg is standing on a massless weighing machine which is placed in lift.

Find the weight of the man if lift is going up with acceleration of 2 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

22
22
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

𝑁0 − 600 = 60𝑎 = 60 × 2
𝑁0 = 720 𝑁
𝑁0 = 𝑊 ′ = 720 𝑁

om
l.c
Weight shown by the machine = 720 𝑁

ai
EX – 26 A block of mass m is placed on a smooth wedge of inclination 𝜽. The whole system is

gm
accelerated horizontally so that the block does not slip.
Find (a) horizontal acceleration. (b) normal force
0@
between the block and the wedge and (c) the horizontal
force applied on the wedge.
5

The wedge and the block move together in horizontal

a6

direction.

For Block:
rm
ha

𝑚𝑔
↑: 𝑁 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑚𝑔 = 0 ⇒ 𝑁 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
js

: 𝑁 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎 ⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
ra
ya
it

For Wedge: 𝐹 = (𝑀 + 𝑚)𝑎 = (𝑀 + 𝑚)𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

ad

EX – 27 Consider the situation as shown in the figure. All the surfaces are smooth, and the string
and pulley are light. Find the mass of the hanging block which will prevent the smaller block from
slipping over the triangular block.

23
23
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Since the triangular block

and the smaller block are
moving together, then
we know that the
acceleration will be 𝑎 =
𝑔𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

𝑀𝑔 − 𝑇 = 𝑀𝑎 𝑇 = (2 + 3)𝑎 𝑎 = 𝑔 tan 37°

Putting the value of a in first equation and Solving we get,

om
𝑇 = 5𝑔 tan 37 & 𝑀 = 15 𝑘𝑔

l.c
EX – 28 Consider the arrangement shown in the figure. Find the acceleration of the block

ai
(a) A monkey moves upward with respect to the rope with acceleration𝒂𝟎 .

gm
(b) A monkey moves downward with respect to the rope with acceleration 𝒂𝟎 .
Assume the surface smooth, pulley and string light.
5 0@
a6
rm
ha

Let a be the acceleration of the block w.r.t. to the ground =acceleration of the rope w.r.t. the
ground.
js

(a) When the monkey moves up –

ra

𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑘𝑒𝑦/𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 = 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑘𝑒𝑦/𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒 − 𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒/𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 = 𝑎0 − 𝑎

ya

Monkey: Block:
it
ad

𝑇 − 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚(𝑎0 − 𝑎) 𝑇 = 𝑀𝑎
Solving (i) and (ii) we get
𝑀𝑎 − 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚 𝑎0 − 𝑚𝑎
𝑚(𝑔 + 𝑎0 )
𝑎=
𝑀+𝑚

(b) When the monkey moves down,

𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑘𝑒𝑦/𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 = 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑘𝑒𝑦/𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒 + 𝑎𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒/𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎

24
24
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Monkey : Block:

𝑚𝑔 − 𝑇 = 𝑚(𝑎0 + 𝑎) 𝑇 = 𝑀𝑎

Solving (i) and (ii) we have

𝑚𝑔 − 𝑀𝑎 = 𝑚𝑎0 + 𝑚𝑎

om
𝑚(𝑔 − 𝑎0 )
𝑎=
(𝑀 + 𝑚)

l.c
EX – 29 With what minimum acceleration can a monkey slide down a rope whose breaking
strength is two-third of his weight?

ai
𝑚𝑔 − 𝑇 = 𝑚𝑎

gm
𝑇
𝑎 =𝑔−
𝑚
0@
2 𝑚𝑔
𝑇 = 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
3
5

𝑔
𝑎 = 𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
a6

3
rm

EX – 30 A uniform chain of mass m and length l is placed on a smooth

table so that on -third length hangs freely as shown in the figure. Now
ha

the chain is released, with what velocity chain slips off the table?
js
ra

Let at some instant the hanging length be x.

ya

𝑚
Pulling force = 𝑥𝑔,pulled mass = 𝑚
𝑙
it

𝑚
𝑥𝑔 𝑥
𝑙
Acceleration of chain 𝑎 = =𝑔
ad

𝑚 𝑙

𝑑𝑣 𝑥
𝑣 =𝑔
𝑑𝑥 𝑙
𝑣
𝑔 𝑙
∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 𝑙 1/3
2 2
𝑣2 𝑔 𝑥2
| | = | |
2 0 𝑙 2 1/3

2
𝑣2 𝑔 𝑙 2 𝑔 𝑙2
= × {𝑙 − ( ) } = {𝑙 2 − }
2
2 2𝑙 3 2𝑙 9

25
25
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

𝑔 8𝑙 2 8 𝑔𝑙
𝑣2 = × =
𝑙 9 9
2√2 𝑔𝑙
𝑣=
3

SPRING FORCE –

Every spring opposes the attempts to change its length i.e. every spring opposes the phenomenon
of compression or extension. This opposing or the resistive force called as the Restoring Force or the
spring force F increases with change in length of the spring i.e., Extension or Compression (x).

om
When spring is in its natural length 𝐼0 , spring
force (𝐹𝑠𝑝 ) is zero.

l.c
𝐹𝑠𝑝 = 0

ai
𝐹𝑠𝑝 = 𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥

Spring force is given by 𝐹𝑠𝑝 = −𝑘𝑥, where

gm
0@
x is the change in length of the spring (also
called as compression or extension) and k is the
5

Spring Constant or Force constant having SI unit 𝑁𝑚 −1 and dimensional formula 𝑀𝑇 2 . The spring
a6

constant (k) is also known as force constant/spring factor/force factor.

The spring constant k depends on geometry of the spring and on the material property. For us it is
rm

important to know that the spring constant is inversely proportional to the naturel length l, other
things remaining the same i.e.,
ha

1
𝑘∝ {everything else constant}
𝑙
js

⇒ 𝑘𝐼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
ra

Therefore, if you cut a spring into two parts whose length are in ratio 1:2, their spring constants will
ya

be in ratio of 2:1.
it

The negative sign in the above relation signifies that the spring force is always directed opposite to
the compression or extension in the spring.
ad

26
26
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

As in case of rope, we will usually deal with a massless spring for which the force at each point is the
same. Such springs are normally referred to as ideal.

𝒍 𝟐𝒍
EX – 31 A spring of force constant k and natural length l is cut into two parts of lengths and .
𝟑 𝟑
Find the new force constant of the divided parts.
Since 𝑘𝑙 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

So, 𝑘𝑙 = 𝑘1 𝑙1 So, 𝑘𝑙 = 𝑘2 𝑙2
2𝑙 𝑙

om
⇒ 𝑘𝑙 = 𝑘1 ( ) ⇒ 𝑘𝑙 = 𝑘2 ( )
3 3

l.c
3𝑘 ⇒ 𝑘2 = 3𝑘
⇒ 𝑘1 =
2

ai
gm
EX – 32 A spring of force constant k and natural length 6l is broken in three parts of length ratio
𝟏: 𝟐: 𝟑 Find the spring constant of each part.
0@
For the spring: spring constant × natural length =constant
5

𝑘 × 6𝑙 = 𝑘1 × 𝑙 𝑘 × 6𝑙 = 𝑘2 × 2𝑙 𝑘 × 6𝑙 = 𝑘3 × 3𝑙
a6

⇒ 𝑘1 = 6𝑘 ⇒ 𝑘2 = 3𝑘 ⇒ 𝑘3 = 2𝑘
rm

Combination of springs –

Series Combination
ha

The springs are said to be in series when the force in each spring is same but change in length is
js

different. Let three springs force constants 𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘3 be connected as shown.

ra
ya

Since springs are light, force in each spring is mg. Let 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥3 be
extensions is springs.
it

𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔
ad

𝑥1 = , 𝑥2 = , 𝑥3 =
𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘3
Total extension
𝑥 = 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3
𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔
= + +
𝑘𝑒𝑞 𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘3
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑘𝑒𝑞 𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘3

Where 𝑘𝑒𝑞 is an equivalent spring constant.

27
27
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Parallel Combination
The springs are said to be in parallel when change in length of each spring is same but forces are
different

The extension in each spring is same.

𝐹1 = 𝑘1 𝑥, 𝐹2 = 𝑘2 𝑥, 𝐹3 = 𝑘3 𝑥
𝐹 = 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3
𝑘𝑒𝑞 𝑥 = 𝑘1 𝑥 + 𝑘2 𝑥 + 𝑘3 𝑥

𝑘𝑒𝑞 = 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 + 𝑘3

om
NOTE – When the compression or expansion is same then springs are in parallel.

l.c
EX – 33 Find the equivalent spring constant in the following cases:

ai
gm
5 0@
a6
rm

(a) Since both the springs are in parallel,

ha

𝑘𝑒𝑞 = 𝑘 + 2𝑘 = 3𝑘
(b) Since the expansion of one spring is equivalent to compression in another spring. Therefore
js

both the springs are in parallel,

𝑘𝑒𝑞 = 𝑘 + 2𝑘 = 3𝑘
ra
ya

EX – 34 A 5-kg block rests on a smooth inclined plane of inclination 𝟑𝟕°as

it

shown in the diagram. If the extension of spring is 6 cm, find the spring
constant
ad

𝑥0 = 6 𝑐𝑚 = 0.06 𝑚
In equilibrium condition
5𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛37° = 𝑘 𝑥0
3
5 × 10 × = 𝑘 × 0.06
5
30
𝑘= = 500 𝑁/𝑚
0.06

EX – 36 Consider the situation as shown. Initially, the spring is unstretched when the block of mass
m is released from rest. Assuming the pulley frictionless and light, the spring and string massless.

28
28
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Find the extension of spring when the block is in equilibrium. Also, find the maximum
extension of the spring.

When the block is in equilibrium, the net force on it is zero.

In equilibrium, 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑘𝑥0
𝑚𝑔
𝑥0 =
𝑘
Where 𝑥0 is an extension of spring when the block is in equilibrium

om
Maximum extension of spring: let at some instant, the extension of spring be x

l.c
𝑚𝑔 − 𝑘𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑘
𝑎=𝑔− 𝑥

ai
𝑚

gm
𝑑𝑣 𝑘
𝑣 =𝑔− 𝑥
𝑑𝑡 𝑚
𝑣 𝑥
𝑘
0@
∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ (𝑔 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
0 0 𝑚
2 𝑣 𝑥
𝑘𝑥 2
5

𝑣
| | = |𝑔𝑥 − |
a6

2 0 2𝑚 0

𝑣2 𝑘𝑥 2
rm

= 𝑔𝑥 −
2 2𝑚
1
ha

𝑘𝑥 2 2
𝑣 = (2 𝑔𝑥 − )
𝑚
js

Where v is the velocity of the block as the function of extension of spring.

ra

The block will stop when 𝑣 = 0 and at that place extension in the spring will be maximum.
ya

1/2
𝑘𝑥 2
(2 𝑔𝑥 − ) =0
it

𝑚
ad

2𝑚𝑔
𝑥 = 𝑥𝑚 =
𝑘

Ex – 37 Two blocks of masses 5 kg and 10 kg are connected by a massless spring as shown in the
diagram. A force of 100 N acts on 10 kg mass as shown.
At a certain instant the acceleration of 5 kg mass is
𝟏𝟐𝒎/𝒔𝟐.Find the force in the spring and acceleration of
10 kg mass.

29
29
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

For 5 kg mass:
𝑇 = 5 × 12 = 60 𝑁
For 10 kg mass:

100 − 𝑇 = 10𝑎
100 − 60 = 10𝑎

𝑎 = 4 𝑚/𝑠 2

om
⃗ − 𝒕 GRAPH
CONCEPT OF IMPULSE AND IMPULSE AS AREA UNDER 𝑭

Whenever a large force (𝐹 ) acts on a body for an extremely small time (say dt), then we introduce

l.c
the concept of Impulse (𝐼 ). So, impulse in just defined as the product of the large force with the
small time.

ai
⇒ 𝑑𝐼 = 𝐹 𝑑𝑡

gm
Impulse is also defined as the integral of force with respect to time
0@
𝑡𝑓

𝐼 = ∫ 𝐹 𝑑𝑡
5

𝑡𝑖
a6

Since force is a vector and time is a scalar, the result of the integral in above equation is a vector. If
the force is constant (both in magnitude and direction), it may be removed from the integral so that
rm

the integral is reduced to

𝑡𝑓
ha

𝐼 = 𝐹 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐹(𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡𝑖 ) = 𝐹Δ𝑡
𝑡𝑖
js

Graphically, the impulse is the area between the force curve and the
ra

𝐹 = 0 axis, as shown in figure.

ya

The SI unit of impulse is Ns.

it

If more than one force is acting on a particle, then the net impulse is given by the time integral of the
ad

net force.
𝑡𝑓

𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑡 = ∫ 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑡𝑖

⃗ = 𝒂𝒊̂ + 𝒃𝒕𝒋̂, where 𝒂 = 𝟐𝑵 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒃 = 𝟒 𝑵𝒔−𝟏, if this

EX – 38 Find the impulse due to the force 𝑭
force acts from 𝒕𝒊 = 𝟎 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟑 𝒔
𝑡𝑓 0.3

𝐼 = ∫ 𝐹 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ (𝑎𝑖̂ + 𝑏𝑡𝑗̂)𝑑𝑡
𝑡𝑖 0

30
30
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

0.3 0.3

⇒ 𝐼 = 𝑎𝑖̂ ∫ 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑏 𝑗̂ ∫ 𝑡𝑑𝑡
0 0
0.3
𝑏𝑡 2
⇒𝐼= 𝑎𝑡𝑖̂|0.3
0 + 𝑗̂ |
2 0

(4)(0.3)2
⇒ 𝐼 = (2)(0.3)𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂
2
⇒ 𝐼 = (0.6𝑖̂ + 0.18 𝑗̂)𝑁𝑠

om
IMPULSE- MOMENTUM THROREM

l.c
According to Newton’s Second Law, we have

ai
𝑑𝑝
𝐹=
𝑑𝑡

gm
⇒ 𝑑𝑝 = 𝐹 𝑑𝑡
𝑓 𝑓
0@
⇒ ∫ 𝑑𝑝 = ∫ 𝐹𝑑𝑡 = 𝐼
𝑖 𝑖
5
a6

⇒ 𝐼 = 𝑝𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙

⇒ Impulse = Change in momentum

rm

{called Impulse Momentum Theorem}

ha

⇒ 𝐼 = 𝑚(𝜐 − 𝑢
⃗)
js
ra

⃗ 𝒊 = (−𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝒊̂ − 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝒋̂)𝒎𝒔−𝟏 is subjected to a net impulse 𝑰 =

EX – 39 A ball falling with velocity 𝝊
−𝟏
(𝟎. 𝟔𝒊̂ + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝒋̂)𝑵𝒔 . If the ball has a mass of 275 g, calculate its velocity immediately following
ya

the impulse.
it

Using Impulse- Momentum Theorem

ad

𝑚𝜐𝑓 − 𝑚𝜐𝑖 = 𝐼

𝐼
⇒ 𝜐𝑓 = 𝜐𝑖 +
𝑚
0.6𝑖̂ +0.18𝑗̂
Thus, 𝜐𝑓 = −0.65𝑖̂ − 0.35𝑗̂ +
0.275

⇒ 𝜐𝑓 = (−0.65𝑖̂ − 0.35𝑗̂) + (2.18𝑖̂ + 0.655𝑗̂)

⇒ 𝜐𝑓 = (1.53𝑖̂ + 0.305𝑗̂ )𝑚𝑠 −1

31
31
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

EX – 40 An 150 g ball is thrown at 𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒔−𝟏. It is struck by a bat, which gives it a velocity of

𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒔−𝟏 in the opposite direction. If the time of contact is 𝟏𝟎−𝟐, what is the average force on the
ball?
If we choose the original direction as +x-axis, then

Δ𝑝 = 𝑚𝜐𝑓 = 𝑚𝜐 𝑖̂ = 𝑚(−40𝑖̂ − 30𝑖̂)

The average force is

Δp −0.15 𝑘𝑔 × 70𝑖̂
𝐹𝑎𝜐 = = = −1050𝑖̂ 𝑁
Δ𝑡 10−2

om
Notice that this is much larger than the weight (1.5 𝑁) of the ball.

l.c
VARIABLE MASS / ROCKET PROBLEM

ai
We know

gm
𝑝=𝑚𝑣
𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑚
𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 = =𝑚 +𝑣 ] (𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠)
0@
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

If 𝑣 is constant as in the case of sand falling on a moving conveyor belt

5

𝑑𝑚
a6

𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 𝑣
𝑑𝑡
rm

Rocket Propulsion

Consider a rocket in the outer space, where there is no gravity and the air resistance is zero.
ha

Let at any time t, mass of rocket is m and velocity is v. In a short time interval dt, the mass of rocket
decreases by dm and dm is the mass of burned fuel and velocity becomes 𝑣 + 𝑑𝑣. Let 𝑣𝑔 be the
js

exhaust velocity of gases relative to the earth. It is taken as negative because the gases move in a
ra

direction opposite to that of rocket.

ya

By the momentum conservation

𝑚𝑣 = (𝑚 − 𝑑𝑚)(𝑣 + 𝑑𝑣) + 𝑑𝑚 (−𝑣𝑔 )
it
ad

Neglecting small term (𝑑𝑚 𝑑𝑣), we get

𝑚 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑚 (𝑣 + 𝑣𝑔 )

𝑚 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑚 (𝑣 + 𝑣𝑔 )

𝑚 𝑑𝑣 = −𝑣𝑟 𝑑𝑚

𝑣𝑟 : velocity of gases relative to rocket

𝑑𝑚
𝑑𝑣 = −𝑣𝑟
𝑚
If initial mass of rocket is 𝑚0 and the initial velocity is 𝑣0

32
32
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

𝑣 𝑚
𝑑𝑚
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = −𝑣𝑟 ∫
𝑚
𝑣0 𝑚0

𝑚
𝑣 − 𝑣0 = −𝑣𝑟 log𝑒
𝑚0

𝑚
If the initial velocity 𝑣0 = 0 𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑣𝑟 log𝑒
𝑚0

om
𝑣 = 𝑣𝑟 log𝑒
𝑚0

l.c
When all fuel is consumed, 𝑚𝑐 : 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟

ai
𝑚
𝑣′ = 𝑣0 + 𝑣𝑟 log𝑒

gm
𝑚0
0@
𝑣 ′ : maximum speed acquired by the rocket.

Acceleration of rocket
5

𝑑𝑣 𝑣𝑟 𝑑𝑚
a6

𝑎= =
𝑑𝑡 𝑚 𝑑𝑡
rm

𝑑𝑚
Here, 𝑖𝑠 − 𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 + 𝑣𝑒
𝑑𝑡
ha

Thrust on the rocket:

js

The reaction force exerted on the rocket by the escaping burnt gases
ra

𝑑𝑚
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 = −𝑣𝑟
ya

𝑑𝑡
If the gravitational force is considered, then
it
ad

𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑚 𝑑𝑚
𝑎= = −𝑣𝑟 − 𝑔 { ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 − 𝑣𝑒}
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑚0
𝑣 = 𝑣0 + 𝑣𝑟 log𝑒 − 𝑔𝑡
𝑚

𝑑𝑚
𝑚: mass of rocket at any tiem t, 𝑚 = 𝑚0 − 𝑡
𝑑𝑡

33
33
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

EX – 34 A rocket of initial mass 6000 kg ejects gases at constant rate of 20 kg/s with constant
relative speed of 8 km/s. What is the acceleration of the rocket after 100 s if the gravity is
neglected.
𝑣𝑟 𝑑𝑚
𝑎=
𝑚 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑚
𝑚 = 𝑚0 − 𝑡 = 6000 − 20 × 100 = 4000 𝑘𝑔
𝑑𝑡

𝑣𝑟 = 8 𝑘𝑚/𝑠 = 8000 𝑚/𝑠

The acceleration of the rocket when gravity is not considered is given as

om
𝑣𝑟 𝑑𝑚
𝑎=
𝑚 𝑑𝑡
8000

l.c
∴𝑎= × 20 = 40 𝑚/𝑠 2
4000

ai
EX – 35 A rocket of initial mass 6000 kg ejects gases at constant rate of 20 kg/s with constant

gm
relative speed of 8 km/s. What is the acceleration of the rocket after 100 s if the gravity is taken
into account.
0@
𝑣𝑟 𝑑𝑚
𝑎=
𝑚 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑚
5

𝑚 = 𝑚0 − 𝑡 = 6000 − 20 × 100 = 4000 𝑘𝑔

a6

𝑑𝑡

𝑣𝑟 = 8 𝑘𝑚/𝑠 = 8000 𝑚/𝑠

rm

The acceleration of the rocket when gravity is considered is given as

ha

𝑣𝑟 𝑑𝑚
𝑎= −𝑔
𝑚 𝑑𝑡
js

8000
∴𝑎= × 20 − 10 = 40 − 10 = 30 𝑚/𝑠 2
4000
ra
ya

EX – 35 A rocket of initial mass 6000 kg ejects gases at constant rate of 20 kg/s with constant
it

relative speed of 8 km/s. What is the upward thrust on rocket?

ad

𝑑𝑚
Upward thrust is given as 𝑣𝑟
𝑑𝑡

𝑘𝑚 𝑚 𝑑𝑚
𝑣𝑟 = 8= 8000 & = 20 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑠 𝑠 𝑑𝑡
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑡 = 8000 × 20 = 160000 𝑁 = 1.6 × 105 𝑁

EX – 36 A rocket is set for a vertical firing. If the exhaust speed is 2000 m/s, find the rate of fuel
consumption to just lift off the rocket. Take mass of rocket = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈.
𝑚
𝑣𝑟 = 200 , 𝑚 = 6000 𝑘𝑔
𝑠
𝑑𝑚
Upward thrust = 𝑣𝑟 = 𝑚𝑔
𝑑𝑡

34
34
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

𝑑𝑚
2000 = (6000)(10)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑚
⇒ = 30 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑑𝑡

EX – 37 A rocket is set for a vertical firing. If the exhaust speed is 2000 m/s, find the rate of fuel
consumption to give to the rocket an initial vertical upward acceleration of 𝟑𝟎 𝒎/𝒔𝟐. Take mass of
rocket = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈.

The acceleration of rocket is given as

om
𝑣𝑟 𝑑𝑚
𝑎= −𝑔
𝑚 𝑑𝑡
1000 𝑑𝑚

l.c
30 = − 10
6000 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑚
∴ = 240 𝑘𝑔/𝑠

ai
𝑑𝑡

gm
Friction: - Frictional forces are the forces which opposes relative motion.
0@
According to modern theories, when two surfaces are in contact then the molecules at the
5

point of contact between the irregularities of the surface exert force of attraction on each
a6

other. Similar type of molecules exert cohesive forces and different types of molecules exert
adhesive forces on each other. So the point of contacts is cold welded together. Which gives
rm

rise to frictional force which opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact.
So the cause of friction is interlocking between the irregularities on the contact surface and
ha

intermolecular forces of attraction between two surfaces.

js

NOTE – It is wrong to say that friction opposes motion. Friction opposes relative motion
ra

between two objects.

ya

Types of Friction
it

Static friction
ad

Static friction is a self-adjusting force because it changes itself in accordance with the
applied force and is always equal to net external force, till the body is at rest.

Limiting friction
The maximum value of static friction up to which body does not move is called limiting
friction.
The magnitude of limiting friction between any two bodies in contact is directly proportional
to the normal reaction between them.
𝐹𝑙 ∝ 𝑅 or 𝐹𝑙 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑅

35
35
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Coefficient of static friction

𝜇𝑠 is called coefficient of static friction and is defined as the ratio of force of limiting friction
𝐹
and normal reaction 𝜇𝑠 =
𝑅

Value of µ depends on material and nature of surfaces in contact. Also Value of µ does not
depend upon apparent area of contact between two bodies.

Kinetic or dynamic friction

If the body is in motion, the friction opposing the motion is called kinetic friction.

om
Kinetic friction depends upon the normal reaction.
𝐹𝑘 ∝ 𝑅 or 𝐹𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑅 where 𝜇𝑘 is called the coefficient of kinetic friction

l.c
Value of 𝜇𝑘 depends upon the nature of surface in contact.
Kinetic friction is always lesser than limiting friction 𝐹𝑘 < 𝐹𝑙  𝜇𝑘 < 𝜇𝑠

ai
gm
Types of kinetic friction
0@
Sliding friction: -
When one body is sliding over another body then the friction is called as sliding friction,
5

which is type of kinetic friction.

a6

Rolling friction: -
rm

When objects such as a wheel (disc or ring), sphere or a cylinder rolls over a surface, the
force of friction is called as rolling friction.
ha

Angle of Friction
js

𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 ( 𝜇𝐿 )
ra

coefficient of static friction is equal to tangent of the angle of friction.

ya

Angle of Repose
it

The angle of the inclined plane with horizontal such that a body placed on it is just begins to
R F
ad

slide, is called as angle of repose.

In limiting condition 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 and 𝑅 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 mg sin 
𝐹 
So = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 mg cos 
𝑅  mg
𝐹
 = 𝜇𝑠 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
𝑅
It means that
angle of repose = angle of friction

EX – 41 Calculate the acceleration of the block as shown in the figure.

36
36
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Since 𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 30 𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = (0.5)(100) = 50 𝑁

Since 𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 < 𝑓𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔

⇒𝑎=0
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑠 = 𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 30 𝑁

om
EX – 42 Calculate the distance travelled by the block shown in the figure before it stops

l.c
ai
gm
0@
Since 𝑓𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑁

When not mentioned, we have

5
a6

𝜇 = 𝜇𝑠 = 𝜇𝑘 = 0.5
⇒ 𝑓𝑘 = (0.5)(100) = 50 𝑁
rm

Since 𝑁 − 10 𝑔 = 0
ha

⇒ 𝑁 = 100 𝑁
js

Now, 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
ra

⇒ 50 = 10 𝑎
ya

⇒𝑎=5
it

Since 𝜐 2 = 𝑢 2 + 2𝑎𝑠
ad

⇒ 02 = 102 + 2(−5)(5)
⇒ 𝑠 = 10 𝑚

EX – 43 A block of mass 10 kg is given a velocity of 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒔−𝟏 and a force of 100 N in

addition to friction force is also acting on the block. Calculate the retardation of the block?

37
37
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Since there is relative motion, so the kinematic friction will act to reduce the relative
motion.

𝑓𝑘 = 𝜇𝑁 = (0.1)(10)(10) = 10 𝑁

om
⇒ 100 + 10 = 10 𝑎
10

l.c
⇒𝑎= = 11 𝑚𝑠 −2
10

ai
gm
EX – 44 Calculate the acceleration of the block. Assume that initially the block is at rest.
for vertical direction :
0@
𝑁 + 24 − 100 = 0,
5

⇒ 𝑁 = 76 𝑁
a6

Now 𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜇𝑁 = 0.5 × 76 = 38 𝑁

rm

𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 32 𝑁

Since applied force is less than limiting force

ha

It means acceleration of block is zero.

js
ra

EX – 45 In the arrangement shown, calculate the acceleration of the block. Assume that
ya

initially the block is at rest.

Since the limiting friction is given by

it
ad

𝑓𝐿 = 𝜇𝑁 = 0.5 (100)
⇒ 𝑓𝐿 = 50 𝑁 < 𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡
⇒ 0 ≤ 𝑓𝑠 ≤ 𝜇𝑠 𝑁
⇒ 0 ≤ 𝑓𝑠 ≤ 50
So, block will move, and hence kinetic friction will
come into play. So
𝑓𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑁 = 0.3 × 100 = 30 𝑁
⇒ 51 − 30 = 10𝑎

38
38
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

⇒ 𝑎 = 2.1 𝑚𝑠 −2

EX – 46 Calculate the minimum force that must be applied on the block vertically
downwards so that the block does not move.

om
Since, 100 − 𝑓𝑠 = 0

l.c
⇒ 𝑓𝑠 = 100 (1)

ai
𝐹 + 10 𝑔 = 𝑁

gm
⇒ 𝑁 = 100 + 𝐹 (2)

Now 0 ≤ 𝑓𝑠 ≤ 𝜇𝑁
0@
⇒ 100 ≤ 0.5 𝑁
5

⇒ 100 ≤ 0.5 (100 − 𝐹)

a6

⇒ 200 ≤ 100 + 𝐹
rm

⇒ 𝐹 ≥ 100 𝑁

⇒ Minimum force if 𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 100 𝑁

ha
js

EX – 47 A block of mass 10 kg is placed on a

ra

horizontal rough table surface. The top view of the

block on the table is shown. Calculate the
ya

acceleration of the block, taking 𝝁 =

𝟎. 𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒈 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒔−𝟐
it
ad

The resultant force acting on the block is

𝐹𝑅 = √402 + 402 = 40√2 𝑁

⇒ 𝐹𝑅 = 56 𝑁
Since 𝑓𝐿 = (0.5)(100) = 50 𝑁 < 𝐹𝑅

So, the block will move in the direction of resultant force

with an acceleration
56 − 50
𝑎= = 0.6 𝑚𝑠 −2
10

39
39
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

EX – 48 In the figure shown, the force F is gradually

increased from zero. Draw the graph between applied
force F and tension T in the string. The coefficient of static
friction between the block and the ground is 𝝁.
As the external force F is gradually increased from zero it is compensated by the static
friction and the string bears on tension. So, till 𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 < 𝑓𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 ,
we have 𝑇 = 0. So for 𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 > 𝑓𝐿
⇒ 𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 > 𝜇𝑚𝑔
We have, 𝐹 = 𝑇 + 𝜇𝑚𝑔 ⇒ 𝑇 = 𝐹 − 𝜇𝑚𝑔

om
l.c
Calculation of Required Force in Different Situation: -
If W = weight of the body,  = angle of friction, 𝜇 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 =coefficient of friction or we can

ai
say that 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 ( 𝜇𝐿 )

gm
(1) Minimum pulling force P at an angle  from the horizontal
0@
P
5


a6

This force P can be resolved as follows.

rm

R
P sin
⇒ For the condition of equilibrium 𝐹 = 𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 and 𝑅 = 𝑊 − 𝑃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼
F P cos
ha

Also 𝐹 = 𝜇𝑅
𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
Solving we get 𝑃 =
js

𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼−𝜃) W
ra

(2) Minimum pushing force P at an angle  from the horizontal P

ya

𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 
𝑃=
𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝛼 + 𝜃)
it
ad

(3) Minimum pulling force P to move the body up on an inclined

P
plane 

𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝜃 + 𝜆)
𝑃=
𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝛼 − 𝜃) 

40
40
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

(4) Minimum force to move a body in downward direction P

along the surface of inclined plane 

𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝜃 − 𝜆) 
𝑃=
𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝛼 − 𝜃)

(5) Minimum force to avoid sliding of a body down on an P


inclined plane
𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝜆 − 𝜃)
𝑃 =𝑊[ ] 

om
𝑐𝑜𝑠( 𝜃 + 𝛼)

l.c
(6) Minimum force for motion along horizontal surface and its direction
𝜇𝑚𝑔
𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 = P

ai
√1+𝜇 2 

gm
0@
EX – 48 Calculate the tension in the string in situation as shown in the figure below. Forces
120 N and 100 N start acting when the system is at rest and the maximum value of static
friction for 10 kg is 90 N and that for 20 kg is 60 N?
5
a6
rm
ha

(a) Let us assume that system moves towards left then as it is clear FBD, net force in
js

horizontal direction is towards right. Therefore, the assumption is not valid.

ra
ya
it
ad

Above assumption is not possible as net force on system comes towards right. Hence
is not moving towards left.

(b) Similarly let us assume that system moves towards right.

Above assumption is also not possible as net force on the system is towards left in this
situation. Hence assumption is again not valid.

41
41
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Therefore, we conclude that the system remains stationary.

Assuming that the 10 kg block reaches limiting friction first then using FBD’s

om
l.c
For 10 kg block to be in equilibrium, we have

ai
120 = 𝑇 + 90
⇒ 𝑇 = 30 𝑁

gm
Also 𝑇 + 𝑓2 = 100 0@
⇒ 30 + 𝑓2 = 100
⇒ 𝑓2 = 70 𝑁
5

Which is not possible as the limiting value is 60 N for this surface of block.
a6

So, our assumption is wrong and hence now let us take the 20 kg block to be in limiting
rm

situation hence
ha
js
ra

𝑇 + 60 = 100 𝑁
ya

⇒ 𝑇 = 40 𝑁
it

Also 𝑓1 + 𝑇 = 120 𝑁
⇒ 𝑓1 = 80 𝑁 < (𝑓1 )1
ad

This is acceptable as static friction at this surface should be less than 90 N.

Hence the tension in the string is

𝑇 = 40 𝑁

Acceleration of block down a rough incline

When angle of inclined planed (𝜃) is more than angle of repose (𝛼 ), then the body plane on
the inclined plane starts sliding down with an acceleration a.

42
42
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

From figure.
𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑓𝑘 = 𝑚𝑎
⇒ 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜇𝑘 𝑁
⇒ 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
⇒ 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 , 𝑎 = 𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝜇𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)

NOTE – For frictionless inclined plane 𝝁 = 𝟎, so we get 𝒂 = 𝒈 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

om
RETARDATION OF BLOCK MOVING UP A ROUGH INCLINE

l.c
When the angle of inclined plane (𝜃) is less than the angle of response (𝛼), then for the

ai
upward motion of the block, retardation is given by

gm
Net retarding force
Retardation =
Total mass
𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃+𝑓𝑘
0@
⇒𝑎=
𝑚

𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝜇 𝑚𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
⇒𝑎=
5

𝑚
a6

⇒ 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑎 = 𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)

rm

NOTE – For frictionless inclined plane 𝝁 = 𝟎, so we get 𝒂 = 𝒈 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

ha
js

𝒈
EX – 49 A block slides down an incline of angle 𝟒𝟓° with an acceleration .Find the
ra

𝟐√𝟐
friction coefficient.
ya

Acceleration is downward direction

it

𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 − 𝜇𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑔 sin 45° − 𝜇𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠45°

ad

𝑔 𝑔 𝜇𝑔 1 1
= − ⇒ = 1 − 𝜇 ⇒=
2√2 √2 √2 2 2

EX – 50 A body slides down on an inclined plane of inclination 𝟑𝟕° with horizontal. The
distance travelled by the body in time t is given by 𝒔 = 𝒕𝟐 . Find the friction coefficient
between the body and the incline.
𝑠 = 𝑡2
𝑑𝑠
𝑣= = 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡

43
43
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

𝑑𝑣
𝑎= = 2 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑑𝑡
Acceleration down the plane
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 37° − 𝜇𝑔 cos 37°
3 4
⇒ 2 = 10 × − 𝜇 × 10 × = 6 − 8𝜇 = 2
5 5
1
⇒𝜇=
2

om
EX – 51 Find out the distance travelled by the block on
incline before it stops. Initial velocity of the block is
𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒔−𝟏 and coefficient of friction between the block

l.c
and incline is 𝝁 = 𝟎. 𝟓

ai
gm
𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 cos(37°)
Since 𝑚𝑔 sin(37°) + 𝜇𝑁 = 𝑚𝑎
0@
⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑔[sin(37°) + 𝜇 cos(37°)]
5

3 4
⇒ 𝑎 = 10 [ + 0.5 ( )] = 10 𝑚𝑠 −2
a6

5 5
⇒ 𝑎 = 10 𝑚𝑠 −2 down the incline
rm

Since 𝜐 2 = 𝑢 2 + 2𝑎𝑠
ha

⇒ 0 = 102 + 2(−10) 𝑠
js

⇒𝑠=5𝑚
ra
ya

Friction involved in two block system –

it

When a body A of mass m is resting on a body B of mass M and A force F is applied to the
ad

upper body, then following four situations are possible

(i) When there is no friction

m
(a) The body A will move on body B with acceleration (F/m). A F

𝑎𝐴 = 𝐹/𝑚 L
M B
(b) The body B will remain at rest
𝑎𝐵 = 0
(c) If L is the length of B as shown in figure, A will fall from B after time t
2𝐿 2𝑚𝐿 1
𝑡=√ =√ [As 𝑠 = 𝑎𝑡 2 and 𝑎 = 𝐹/𝑚]
𝑎 𝐹 2

44
44
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

(ii) If friction is present between A and B only and applied force is less than limiting friction (F < Fl)
(F = Applied force on the upper body, Fl = limiting friction between A and B, Fk = Kinetic friction
between A and B)
(a) The body A will not slide on body B till 𝐹 < 𝐹𝑙 i.e. 𝐹 < 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔
𝐹
(b) Combined system (m + M) will move together with common acceleration 𝑎𝐴 = 𝑎𝐵 =
𝑀+𝑚

(iii) If friction is present between A and B only and applied force is greater than limiting friction (F >
Fl)

om
In this condition the two bodies will move in the same direction (i.e. of applied force) but with
different acceleration. Here force of kinetic friction 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔 will oppose the motion of A while

l.c
cause the motion of B.

ai
𝐹 − 𝐹𝑘 = 𝑚𝑎𝐴 Free body diagram of A

gm
𝐹−𝐹𝑘
i.e. 𝑎𝐴 = maA
𝑚
(𝐹−𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔)
𝑎𝐴 = A F
0@
𝑚
Fk
5

𝐹𝑘 = 𝑀𝑎𝐵 & 𝐹𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔 Free body diagram of B

a6

𝐹𝑘
i.e. 𝑎𝐵 = MaB
𝑀
rm

𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔 FK
 𝑎𝐵 =
𝑀 B
ha
js

As both the bodies are moving in the same direction.

ra

Acceleration of body A relative to B will be

ya

𝑀𝐹 − 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔(𝑚 + 𝑀)
𝑎 = 𝑎𝐴 − 𝑎𝐵 =
𝑚𝑀
it

So, A will fall from B after time

ad

2𝐿 2𝑚𝑀𝐿
𝑡=√ =√
𝑎 𝑀𝐹 − 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔(𝑚 + 𝑀)

(iv) If there is friction between B and floor

(where 𝐹𝑙′ = 𝜇 ′ (𝑀 + 𝑚)𝑔 = limiting friction between B and floor, Fk = kinetic friction between
A and B)
B will move only if 𝐹𝑘 > 𝐹𝑙′ and then 𝐹𝑘 − 𝐹𝑙′ = 𝑀𝑎𝐵
MaB
FK
B
Fl
45
45
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

However if B does not move then static friction will work (not limiting friction) between body
B and the floor i.e. friction force = applied force (= Fk) not 𝐹𝑙′ .

(2) A force F is applied to the lower body, then following four situations are possible
(i) When there is no friction
(a) B will move with acceleration (F/M) while A will remain at rest (relative to ground) as there
is no pulling force on A.
𝐹

om
𝑎𝐵 = ( ) and 𝑎𝐴 = 0
𝑀
(b) As relative to B, A will move backwards with acceleration (F/M) and so will fall from it in

l.c
time t. m A
2𝐿 2𝑀𝐿
 𝑡=√

ai
=√ L F
𝑎 𝐹 M B

gm
0@
(ii) If friction is present between A and B only and F < Fl
(where F = Pseudo force on body A and Fl = limiting friction between body A and B)
5

𝐹
a6

(a) Both the body will move together with common acceleration 𝑎 =
𝑀+𝑚
(b) Pseudo force on the body A,
rm

𝑚𝐹
𝐹′ = 𝑚𝑎 = and 𝐹𝑙 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔
𝑚+𝑀
ha

𝑚𝐹
(c) 𝐹′ < 𝐹𝑙  < 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔  𝐹 < 𝜇𝑠 (𝑚 + 𝑀)𝑔
𝑚+𝑀
js

𝐹
So both bodies will move together with acceleration 𝑎𝐴 = 𝑎𝐵 = if 𝐹 < 𝜇𝑠 [𝑚 + 𝑀]𝑔
𝑚+𝑀
ra
ya

(iii) If friction is present between A and B only and F > Fl

(where Fl =  s mg = limiting friction between body A and B)
it

Both the body will move with different acceleration. Here force of kinetic friction  k mg will
ad

oppose the motion of B while will cause the motion of A.

𝑚𝑎𝐴 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔 Free body diagram of A

i.e. 𝑎𝐴 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑔 maA
A

Fk

46
46
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

𝐹 − 𝐹𝑘 = 𝑀𝑎𝐵 Free body diagram of B

[𝐹−𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔] MaB
i.e. 𝑎𝐵 =
𝑀
FK
B F

As both the bodies are moving in the same direction

Acceleration of body A relative to B will be

om
𝐹−𝜇𝑘 𝑔(𝑚+𝑀)
𝑎 = 𝑎𝐴 − 𝑎𝐵 = − [ ]
𝑀
Negative sign implies that relative to B, A will move backwards and will fall it after time

l.c
2𝐿 2𝑀𝐿
𝑡=√ =√
𝑎 𝐹−𝜇𝑘 𝑔(𝑚+𝑀)

ai
gm
(iv) If there is friction between B and floor and F > Fl :
(where Fl =  s(m+M)g = limiting friction between body B and surface)
0@
The system will move only if 𝐹 > 𝐹𝑙′′ then replacing F by 𝐹 − 𝐹𝑙 ′′. The entire case (iii) will be
valid.
5

However if 𝐹 < 𝐹1 ′′ the system will not move and friction between B and floor will be F while
a6

between A and B is zero.

rm

EX – 52 The friction coefficient between the blocks is 0.5.

ha

Find the acceleration of each block if F is equal to 5N

js
ra

𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜇𝑁0 = 0.5 × 20 = 10 𝑁

ya

10 > 5, the upper block will not move w.r.t. the lower block. In fact both
the blocks will move together as a single block.
it
ad

acceleration of system will be

𝐹 5
𝑎= =
𝑚+𝑀 2+3
⇒ 𝑎 = 1𝑚/𝑠 2

EX – 53 The friction coefficient between the blocks is 0.5.Find

the acceleration of each block if F is equal to 20 N

𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜇𝑁0 = 0.5 × 20 = 10 𝑁

47
47
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Since, 𝐹𝑒𝑥𝑡 > 𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑥

So both blocks will move with different acceleration.
20 − 10 = 2 𝑎1

⇒ 𝑎1 = 5 𝑚/𝑠 2
The lower block will move due to frictional force
present between upper and lower block.
10 = 3 𝑎2
10
𝑚/𝑠 2

om
⇒ 𝑎3 =
3

EX – 54 If the friction coefficients between the blocks

l.c
are 𝝁𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝝁𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎, in how much time,
the upper block will lose contact with the lower

ai
block.

gm
First drawing FBD of 2 kg, we get

The normal reaction is

0@
𝑁0 = 20 𝑁
5

Maximum frictional force

a6

(𝑓𝑠 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑁 = 0.52 × 20 = 10.4 𝑁

rm

Since the applied force (20 𝑁) > (𝑓𝑠 )𝑚𝑎𝑥

(= 10.4 𝑁), 𝑖. 𝑒.friction force between the blocks.
ha

So, system will move. Since system is moving so we will consider the kinetic friction.
js

Therefore, kinetic friction will be

ra

𝑓𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑁0 = 0.5 × 20 = 10 𝑁
ya

Now using NLM on 2 𝑘𝑔 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘: Now using NLM on 5 𝑘𝑔 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 ∶

20 − 𝑓𝑘 = 2𝑎1 10 = 5 𝑎2
it

20 − 10 = 2𝑎1 ⇒ 𝑎2 = 2 𝑚/𝑠 2
⇒ 𝑎1 = 5 𝑚/𝑠 2
ad

Acceleration of the upper block w.r.t. the lower block

𝑎1/2 = 𝑎1 − 𝑎2 = 5 − 2 = 3 𝑚/𝑠 2

𝑠 = 37.5 𝑐𝑚 = 0.375 𝑚
1 1
𝑠 = 𝑎1/2 𝑡 2 ⇒ 0.375 = × 3 × 𝑡 2 ⇒ 𝑡 2 = 0.25
2 2
⇒ 𝑡 = 0.5 𝑠

The upper block will lose contact with the lower block after 0.5 s.

48
48
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

EX – 55 The coefficient of friction between the blocks is 0.5.

Find the acceleration of each block if F is 21 N
Let the blocks move together with acceleration a.
𝐹 𝐹 21
𝑎= = = = 3 𝑚/𝑠 2
(2 + 5) 7 7
If blocks move together, then they will move with 3 m/s2.

Now value of pseudo force = F’ = 2 × 3 = 6 N

Value of limiting friction = 𝐹𝑙 = 𝜇𝑚𝑔 = 0.5 × 2 × 10 = 10 𝑁

om
Since, 𝐹 ′ < 𝐹𝑙 both blocks will move together with acceleration 3 𝑚/𝑠 2.

l.c
EX – 56 The coefficient of friction between the blocks is 0.5. Find

ai
the acceleration of each block if F is 35 N

gm
Let the blocks move together with acceleration a.
0@
𝐹 𝐹 35
𝑎= = = = 5 𝑚/𝑠 2
(2 + 5) 7 7
5
a6

If blocks move together, then they will move with 5 m/s2.

Now value of pseudo force = F’ = 2 × 5 = 10 N

rm

Value of limiting friction = 𝐹𝑙 = 𝜇𝑚𝑔 = 0.5 × 2 × 10 = 10 𝑁

ha

Since, pseudo force and limiting frictional force are equal, then also blocks will move together.
js
ra

EX – 57 The coefficient of friction between the blocks is 0.5.

Find the acceleration of each block if F is 40 N
ya

Let the blocks move together with acceleration a.

it

𝐹 𝐹 40
𝑎= = = = 5.7 𝑚/𝑠 2
ad

(2 + 5) 7 7
If blocks move together, then they will move with 5.7 m/s2.

Now value of pseudo force = F’ = 2 × 5.7 = 11.4 N

Value of limiting friction = 𝐹𝑙 = 𝜇𝑚𝑔 = 0.5 × 2 × 10 = 10 𝑁

Since, 𝐹 ′ > 𝐹𝑙 , Both the body will move with different acceleration. Here force of kinetic
friction 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔 will oppose the motion of 5 kg block while will cause the motion of 2 kg.

49
49
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

For upper block For lower block

𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 10 = 2𝑎1 40 − 10 = 5
⇒ 𝑎1 = 5𝑚/𝑠 2 ⇒ 𝑎2 = 6 𝑚/𝑠 2

om
The upper block will move towards backward direction w.r.t. the lower block with acceleration =

l.c
𝑎2 − 𝑎1 = 6 − 5 = 1 𝑚/𝑠 2 .

ai
gm
5 0@
a6
rm
ha
js
ra
ya
it
ad

50
50
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

EXERCISE
1. If a bullet of mass 5 gm moving with due to gravity ‘g’, the reading on the
velocity 100 m /sec, penetrates the spring balance will be
wooden block upto 6 cm. Then the (a) 2 kg
average force imposed by the bullet (b) (4 × 𝑔)𝑘𝑔
on the block is (c) (2 × 𝑔)𝑘𝑔
(a) 8300 N (b) 417 N (d) Zero
(c) 830 N (d) Zero 6. In the above problem, if the lift moves

om
up with a constant velocity of 2
2. A force of 100 dynes acts on mass of m/sec, the reading on the balance will

l.c
5 gm for 10 sec. The velocity be
produced is (a) 2 kg (b) 4 kg

ai
(a) 2 cm/sec (c) Zero (d) 1 kg

gm
(b) 20 cm/sec
(c) 200 cm/sec 7. In the above problem if the lift moves
0@
(d) 2000 m/sec up with an acceleration equal to the
acceleration due to gravity, the
5

3. A diwali rocket is ejecting 0.05 kg of reading on the spring balance will be

a6

gases per second at a velocity of 400 (a) 2 kg

m/sec. The accelerating force on the
rm

(b) (2 × 𝑔)𝑘𝑔
rocket is (c) (4 × 𝑔)𝑘𝑔
ha

(a) 20 dynes (b) 20 N (d) 4 kg

(c) 22 dynes (d) 1000 N 8. A coin is dropped in a lift. It takes time
js

𝑡1 to reach the floor when lift is

ra

4. A body of mass 2 kg moving on a stationary. It takes time 𝑡2 when lift is

horizontal surface with an initial
ya

moving up with constant

velocity of 4 m/sec comes to rest after acceleration. Then
it

2 sec. If one wants to keep this body (a) 𝑡1 > 𝑡2 (b) 𝑡2 > 𝑡1
ad

moving on the same surface with a (c) 𝑡1 = 𝑡2 (d) 𝑡1 >> 𝑡2

velocity of 4 m/sec, the force required
is
9. A man weighing 80 kg is standing in a
(a) 8 N (b) 4 N
trolley weighing 320 kg. The trolley is
(c) Zero (d) 2 N
resting on frictionless horizontal rails.
If the man starts walking on the
5. A body of mass 2 kg is hung on a trolley with a speed of 1 m / s, then
spring balance mounted vertically in a after 4 sec his displacement relative
lift. If the lift descends with an to the ground will be
acceleration equal to the acceleration (a) 5 m (b) 4.8 m

51
51
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

(c) 3.2 m (d) 3.0 m magnitude 3 g. Force exerted on him

10. A force of 5 N acts on a body of weight by ground during landing is
9.8 N. What is the acceleration (a) w
produced in m /sec 2 (b) 2w
(a) 49.00 (b) 5.00 (c) 3w
(c) 1.46 (d) 0.51 (d) 4w

11. An object with a mass 10 kg moves at

a constant velocity of 10 m/sec. A 15. A man is standing on a weighing

om
constant force then acts for 4 second machine placed in a lift. When
on the object and gives it a speed of 2 stationary his weight is recorded as

l.c
m/sec in opposite direction. The 40 kg. If the lift is accelerated
acceleration produced in it, is upwards with an acceleration of 2𝑚/

ai
𝑠 2 , then the weight recorded in the
(a) 120 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐
machine will be (𝑔 = 10𝑚/𝑠 2 )

gm
(b) −120 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑠𝑒𝑐
(a) 32 kg (b) 40 kg
(c) 30 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐
(c) 42 kg (d) 48 kg
0@
(d) −30 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐
5

12. A particle of mass 0.3 kg is subjected 16. A body of mass 4 kg weighs 4.8 kg
a6

to a force 𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥 with 𝑘 = 15𝑁/𝑚. when suspended in a moving lift. The

What will be its initial acceleration if acceleration of the lift is
rm

it is released from a point 20 cm away (a) 9.80𝑚𝑠 −2 downwards

from the origin (b) 9.80 ms 2 upwards
ha

(a) 5 m/s2 (b) 10 m/s2 (c) 1.96 ms 2 downwards

js

(c) 3 m/s2 (d) 15 m/s2 (d) 1.96 ms 2 upwards

ra

13. A block of metal weighing 2 kg is 17. A mass 1 kg is suspended by a thread.

ya

resting on a frictionless plane. It is

It is
struck by a jet releasing water at a
it

(i) Lifted up with an acceleration 4.9𝑚/𝑠 2

rate of 1 kg/sec and at a speed of 5
ad

m/sec. The initial acceleration of the (ii) Lowered with an acceleration 4.9𝑚/𝑠 2 .
block will be The ratio of the tensions is
(a) 𝟐. 𝟓𝒎/ 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 (a) 3 : 1 (b) 1 : 3
(b) 5.0𝑚/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 2 : 1
(c) 10𝑚/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
(d) None of the above 18. A 5000 kg rocket is set for vertical
firing. The exhaust speed is 800𝑚𝑠 −1 .
14. A parachutist of weight ‘w’ strikes the To give an initial upward acceleration
ground with his legs fixed and comes of 20𝑚𝑠 −2 , the amount of gas
to rest with an upward acceleration of

52
52
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

ejected per second to supply the perpendicular force of 5N acts on it

needed thrust will be (𝑔 = 10𝑚𝑠 −2 ) for 4 sec. What will be the distance of
(a) 127.5𝑘𝑔𝑠 −1 the block from the point where the
(b) 187.5𝑘𝑔𝑠 −1 force started acting
(c) 185.5𝑘𝑔𝑠 −1 (a) 10 m (b) 8 m
(d) 137.5𝑘𝑔𝑠 −1 (c) 6 m (d) 2 m

19. Two trolleys of mass m and 3m are 23. If in a stationary lift, a man is standing

om
connected by a spring. They were with a bucket full of water, having a
compressed and released once, they hole at its bottom. The rate of flow of
move off in opposite direction and water through this hole is R 0 . If the

l.c
comes to rest after covering distances lift starts to move up and down with

ai
𝑆1 and 𝑆2 respectively. Assuming the same acceleration and then that rates

gm
coefficient of friction to be uniform, of flow of water are 𝑅𝑢 and 𝑅𝑑 , then
the ratio of distances 𝑆1 : 𝑆2 is 0@ (a) 𝑅0 > 𝑅𝑢 > 𝑅𝑑
(a) 1 : 9 (b) 1 : 3 (b) 𝑅𝑢 > 𝑅0 > 𝑅𝑑
(c) 3 : 1 (d) 9 : 1 (c) 𝑅𝑑 > 𝑅0 > 𝑅𝑢
5

(d) 𝑅𝑢 > 𝑅𝑑 > 𝑅0

a6

20. The average force necessary to stop

24. A rocket with a lift- off mass 3.5 ×
rm

a bullet of mass 20 g moving with a

104 kg is blasted upwards with an
speed of 250 m/s, as it penetrates
initial acceleration of 10𝑚/𝑠 2 . Then
ha

into the wood for a distance of 12 cm

is the initial thrust of the blast is
js

(a) 1.75 × 105 𝑁

(a) 2.2 × 103 𝑁
ra

(b) 3.2 × 103 𝑁 (b) 3.5 × 105 𝑁

(c) 4.2 × 103 𝑁 (c) 7.0 × 105 𝑁
ya

(d) 5.2 × 103 𝑁 (d) 14.0 × 105 𝑁

it
ad

25. A spring balance is attached to the

21. A rocket is ejecting 50𝑔 of gases per
ceiling of a lift. A man hangs his bag
sec at a speed of 500𝑚/𝑠. The
on the spring and the spring reads 49
accelerating force on the rocket will
N, when the lift is stationary. If the lift
be
moves downward with an
(a) 125𝑁 (b) 25𝑁
acceleration of 5𝑚/𝑠 2 , the reading of
(c) 5𝑁 (d) Zero the spring balance will be
(a) 49 N (b) 24 N
22. A block of mass 5 kg is moving (c) 74 N (d) 15 N
horizontally at a speed of 1.5 m/s. A

53
53
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

26. A plumb line is suspended from a (c) Two (d) Three

ceiling of a car moving with horizontal
acceleration of a. What will be the 30. An automobile travelling with a speed
angle of inclination with vertical of 60 km / h, can brake to stop within a
(a) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 ( 𝑎/𝑔) distance of 20 m. If the car is going
(b) 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 ( 𝑔/𝑎) twice as fast, i.e. 120 km/h, the
(c) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 𝑎/𝑔) stopping distance will be
(d) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 𝑔/𝑎) (a) 20 m (b) 40 m
(c) 60 m (d) 80 m

om
27. A body of mass 2 kg has an initial

l.c
velocity of 3 meters per second along 31. The linear momentum p of a body
OE and it is subjected to a force of 4 N moving in one dimension varies with

ai
in a direction perpendicular to OE. time according to the equation 𝑝 =

gm
The distance of the body from O after 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑡 2 where a and b are positive
4 seconds will be constants. The net force acting on the
body is
0@
(a) 12 m (b) 20 m
(a) A constant
(c) 8 m (d) 48 m
(b) Proportional to 𝑡 2
5

(c) Inversely proportional to t

a6

28. A block of mass m is placed on a (d) Proportional to t

rm

smooth wedge of inclination  . The

whole system is accelerated
32. With what minimum acceleration can
ha

horizontally so that the block does a fireman slides down a rope while
not slip on the wedge. The force 2
breaking strength of the rope is of
js

3
exerted by the wedge on the block (g
his weight
ra

is acceleration due to gravity) will be 2

(a) 𝑔 (b) g
ya

(a) 𝑚𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 3
𝟏
(b) 𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 (c) 𝒈 (d) Zero
𝟑
it

(c) 𝑚𝑔
ad

(d) 𝑚𝑔/ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 33. A ball of mass m moves with speed v

and it strikes normally with a wall and
reflected back normally, if its time of
29. A machine gun fires a bullet of mass contact with wall is t then find force
40 g with a velocity 1200𝑚𝑠 −1 . The exerted by ball on wall
2𝑚𝑣 𝑚𝑣
man holding it can exert a maximum (a) (b)
𝑡 𝑡
force of 144 N on the gun. How many 𝑚𝑣
(c) 𝑚𝑣𝑡 (d)
2𝑡
bullets can he fire per second at the
most
(a) One (b) Four

54
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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

34. The linear momentum p of a body

moving in one dimension varies with
time according to the equation 𝑝 = M
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑡 2 , where a and b are positive 30
°
constants. The net force acting on the (a) 50 N
body is (b) 25 N
(a) Proportional to 𝑡 2 (c) 500 N
(b) A constant (d) 10 N
(c) Proportional to t

om
(d) Inversely proportional to t 38. The resultant of two forces 3𝑃 and
2𝑃is R. If the first force is doubled

l.c
35. A particle moves in the xy-plane then the resultant is also doubled.

ai
under the action of a force F such that The angle between the two forces is
(a) 60𝑜 (b) 120𝑜

gm
the components of its linear
momentum p at any time t are 𝑝𝑥 = (c) 70𝑜 (d) 180𝑜
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡, 𝑝𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡. The angle
0@
between F and p at time t is 39. The resultant of two forces, one
5

(a) 90° (b) 0° double the other in magnitude, is

a6

(c) 180° (d) 30° perpendicular to the smaller of the

two forces. The angle between the
rm

36. A ball of mass 400 gm is dropped from two forces is

a height of 5m. A boy on the ground (a) 600 (b) 1200
ha

hits the ball vertically upwards with a (c) 1500 (d) 900
js

bat with an average force of 100

ra

newton so that it attains a vertical 40. Three forces starts acting

height of 20 m. The time for which the simultaneously on a particle moving
ya


ball remains in contact with the bat is with velocity v . These forces are
[𝑔 = 10𝑚/𝑠 2 ] represented in magnitude and
it

direction by the three sides of a

ad

(a) 0.12s (b) 0.08 s

triangle ABC (as shown). The particle
(c) 0.04 s (d) 12 s
will now move with velocity
C

37. A body of mass 5kg is suspended by a

spring balance on an inclined plane as A B
shown in figure. The spring balance (a) 𝑣 remaining unchanged
measure (b) Less than 𝑣
(c) Greater than 𝑣

55
55
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

(d) 𝑣 in the direction of the largest

force BC a

(a) g
41. Two blocks are connected by a string
as shown in the diagram. The upper (b) g tan 
block is hung by another string. A (c) g / tan 
force F applied on the upper string (d) g cosec 
produces an acceleration of 2𝑚/𝑠 2 in
the upward direction in both the

om
44. A block of mass M is pulled along a
blocks. If T and 𝑇 ′ be the tensions in
horizontal frictionless surface by a
the two parts of the string, then
rope of mass m. If a force P is applied

l.c
F
T at the free end of the rope, the force

ai
2 kg exerted by the rope on the block will

gm
be
T'
𝑃𝑚
4 kg (a) P (b)
𝑀+𝑚
0@
𝑃𝑀 𝑃𝑚
(c) (d)
𝑀+𝑚 𝑀−𝑚
(a) 𝑇 = 70.8𝑁 and 𝑇′ = 47.2𝑁
5

′
(b) 𝑇 = 58.8𝑁 and 𝑇 = 47.2𝑁
a6

45. Three equal weights A, B and C of

(c) 𝑇 = 70.8𝑁 and 𝑇′ = 58.8𝑁 mass 2 kg each are hanging on a string
rm

(d) 𝑇 = 70.8𝑁 and 𝑇 ′ = 0 passing over a fixed frictionless pulley

as shown in the figure The tension in
ha

the string connecting weights B and C

42. If two forces of 5 N each are acting
is
js

along X and Y axes, then the

ra

magnitude and direction of resultant

is
ya

(a) 5√2, 𝜋/3

A
it

B
(b) 5√2, 𝜋/4
ad

(c) −5√2, 𝜋/3 C

(a) Zero
(d) −5√2, 𝜋/4
(b) 13 N
(c) 3.3 N
43. A block is kept on a frictionless (d) 19.6 N
inclined surface with angle of
inclination ' '. The incline is given an
acceleration 'a' to keep the block
stationary. Then a is equal to

56
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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

46. Two masses of 4 kg and 5 kg are pulley. The acceleration of the system
connected by a string passing through is (𝑔 = 9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 )
a frictionless pulley and are kept on a
frictionless table as shown in the A

figure. The acceleration of 5 kg mass

B
is

4kg (a) 4.9𝑚/𝑠 2 (b) 2.45𝑚/𝑠 2

(c) 1.4𝑚/𝑠 2 (d) 9.5𝑚/𝑠 2
5kg

om
50. Three solids of masses m1 , m 2 and m3
(a) 49𝑚/𝑠 2

l.c
are connected with weightless string
(b) 5.44𝑚/𝑠 2
in succession and are placed on a

ai
(c) 19.5𝑚/𝑠 2
frictionless table. If the mass m 3 is
(d) 2.72𝑚/𝑠 2

gm
dragged with a force T, the tension in
47. Two masses 2 kg and 3 kg are the string between m 2 and m 3 is
0@
𝑚2
attached to the end of the string (a) 𝑇
𝑚1 +𝑚2+𝑚3
passed over a pulley fixed at the top. 𝑚3
5

(b) 𝑇
The tension and acceleration are 𝑚1 +𝑚2+𝑚3
a6

7𝑔 𝑔 21𝑔 𝑔 𝑚1 +𝑚2
(a) ; (b) ; (c) 𝑇
8 8 8 8 𝑚1 +𝑚2+𝑚3
rm

21𝑔 𝑔 12𝑔 𝑔 𝑚2 +𝑚3

(c) ; (d) ; (d) 𝑇
8 5 5 5 𝑚1 +𝑚2+𝑚3
ha

48. Three blocks A, B and C weighing 1, 8 51. Three blocks of masses 𝑚1 , 𝑚2 and
js

and 27 kg respectively are connected 𝑚3 are connected by massless strings

ra

as shown in the figure with an as shown on a frictionless table. They

inextensible string and are moving on are pulled with a force 𝑇3 = 40𝑁. If
ya

a smooth surface. 𝑇3 is equal to 36 N. 𝑚1 = 10𝑘𝑔, 𝑚2 = 6𝑘𝑔 and 𝑚3 =

it

Then 𝑇2 is 4𝑘𝑔, the tension 𝑇2 will be

ad

C m1 m2 m3 T3
B T1 T2
A
T1 T2 T3

(a) 18 N (a) 20 N (b) 40 N

(b) 9 N (c) 10 N (d) 32 N
(c) 3.375 N
(d) 1.25 N
52. A 2 kg block is lying on a smooth table
which is connected by a body of mass
49. Two bodies of mass 3 kg and 4 kg are 1 kg by a string which passes through
suspended at the ends of massless a pulley. The 1 kg mass is hanging
string passing over a frictionless

57
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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

vertically. The acceleration of block 55. A block A of mass 7 kg is placed on a

and tension in the string will be frictionless table. A thread tied to it
(a) 3.27𝑚/𝑠 2 , 6.54𝑁 passes over a frictionless pulley and
(b) 4.38𝑚/𝑠 2 , 6.54𝑁 carries a body B of mass 3 kg at the
other end. The acceleration of the
(c) 3.27𝑚/𝑠 2 , 9.86𝑁
system is (given g = 10 ms 2 )
(d) 4.38𝑚/𝑠 2 , 9.86𝑁
53. A light string passes over a frictionless
(a) 100𝑚𝑠 −2
pulley. To one of its ends a mass of 6
kg is attached. To its other end a mass (b) 3𝑚𝑠 −2

om
of 10 kg is attached. The tension in (c) 10𝑚𝑠 −2
the thread will be (d) 30𝑚𝑠 −2

l.c
ai
56. Three blocks of masses 2 kg, 3 kg and

gm
5 kg are connected to each other with
6 kg
light string and are then placed on a
10 kg
frictionless surface as shown in the
0@
figure. The system is pulled by a force
(a) 24.5 N
𝐹 = 10𝑁, then tension 𝑇1 =
5

(b) 2.45 N
a6

2kg 3kg 5kg

(c) 79 N 10N T1 T2
rm

(d) 73.5 N
(a) 1N
ha

54. Two masses of 5kg and 10kg are (b) 5 N

js

connected to a pulley as shown. What (c) 8 N

ra

will be the acceleration of the system (d) 10 N

(g  acceleration due to gravity)
ya

57. Two masses 𝑚1 and 𝑚2 are attached

it

to a string which passes over a

ad

frictionless smooth pulley. When

5 kg 𝑚1 = 10𝑘𝑔, 𝑚2 = 6𝑘𝑔, the
10 kg
acceleration of masses is
(a) 𝑔
𝑔
(b)
2
𝑔
(c)
3
𝑔
(d)
4
m2
m1

(a) 20 𝑚/𝑠 2
(b) 5𝑚/𝑠 2

58
58
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

(c) 2.5 𝑚/𝑠 2 (a) 8 : 1 (b) 9 : 7

(d) 10𝑚/𝑠 2 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 5 : 3
58. A body of weight 2kg is suspended as 61. Two masses 𝑚1 = 5𝑘𝑔 and 𝑚2 =
shown in the figure. The tension 𝑇1 in 4.8𝑘𝑔 tied to a string are hanging
the horizontal string (in kg wt) is over a light frictionless pulley. What is
30° the acceleration of the masses when
T1 they are free to move (𝑔 = 9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 )

om
2 kg-wt

(a) 2/√3

l.c
m1
m2
(b) √3/2 (a) 0.2𝑚/𝑠 2

ai
(c) 2√3 (b) 9.8𝑚/𝑠 2

gm
(d) 2 (c) 5𝑚/𝑠 2
(d) 4.8𝑚/𝑠 2
0@
59. One end of a massless rope, which
passes over a massless and
62. A block of mass 4 kg is suspended
5

frictionless pulley P is tied to a hook C through two light spring balances A

a6

while the other end is free. Maximum and B. Then A and B will read
tension that the rope can bear is 360
rm

respectively
N. with what value of minimum safe
acceleration (in 𝑚𝑠 −2 ) can a monkey
ha

A
of 60𝑘𝑔 move down on the rope
js

P
B
ra
ya

4kg

C
it

(a) 4 kg and zero kg

ad

(a) 16 (b) Zero kg and 4 kg

(b) 6 (c) 4 kg and 4 kg
(c) 4 (d) 2 kg and 2 kg
(d) 8
63. Two masses M and M/2 are joint
60. A light string passing over a smooth together by means of a light
light pulley connects two blocks of inextensible string passes over a
masses 𝑚1 and 𝑚2 (vertically). If the frictionless pulley as shown in figure.
acceleration of the system is g/8 then When bigger mass is released the
the ratio of the masses is

59
59
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

small one will ascend with an minimum mass of C that may be

acceleration of placed on A to prevent it from moving
is
C

B
M/2
M

(a) g/3 (a) 15 kg

om
(b) 3g/2 (b) 10 kg
(c) g/2 (c) 5 kg

l.c
(d) g (d) 12 kg

ai
gm
64. Two masses m1 and m2 (m1 > m2) are
67. A uniform rope of length l lies on a
connected by massless flexible and
table. If the coefficient of friction is 𝜇,
inextensible string passed over
0@
then the maximum length 𝑙1 of the
massless and frictionless pulley. The
part of this rope which can overhang
acceleration of centre of mass is
5

from the edge of the table without

𝑚1 −𝑚2 2
a6

(a) ( ) 𝑔 sliding down is

𝑚1 +𝑚2
𝑚1 −𝑚2 𝑙 𝑙
𝑔
rm

(b) (a) (b)

𝑚1 +𝑚2 𝜇 𝜇+𝑙
𝑚1 +𝑚2
(c) 𝑔 𝜇𝑙 𝜇𝑙
𝑚1 −𝑚2 (c) (d)
ha

1+𝜇 𝜇−1
(d) Zero
js

68. A block of 1 kg is stopped against a

ra

65. A block weighs W is held against a

wall by applying a force F
vertical wall by applying a horizontal
ya

force F. The minimum value of F perpendicular to the wall. If 𝜇 = 0.2

needed to hold the block is then minimum value of F will be
it

(a) Less than W (a) 980 N (b) 49 N

ad

(b) Equal to W (c) 98 N (d) 490 N

(c) Greater than W
(d) Data is insufficient
69. A heavy uniform chain lies on a
horizontal table-top. If the coefficient
66. Two masses A and B of 10 kg and 5 kg
of friction between the chain and
respectively are connected with a
table surface is 0.25, then the
string passing over a frictionless
maximum fraction of length of the
pulley fixed at the corner of a table as
chain, that can hang over one edge of
shown. The coefficient of static
the table is
friction of A with table is 0.2. The

60
60
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

(a) 20% (b) 25% required force F to start moving B will

(c) 35% (d) 15% be

70. The blocks A and B are arranged as A

shown in the figure. The pulley is B F
frictionless. The mass of A is 10 kg.
The coefficient of friction of A with (a) 900 N
the horizontal surface is 0.20. The (b) 100 N
minimum mass of B to start the (c) 1100 N

om
motion will be (d) 1200 N

l.c
A 73. A horizontal force of 10 N is necessary
to just hold a block stationary against

ai
B a wall. The coefficient of friction

gm
between the block and the wall is 0.2.
the weight of the block is
0@
(a) 2 kg
5

(b) 0.2 kg
10 N
a6

(c) 5 kg
(d) 10 kg
rm

(a) 2 N
(b) 20 N
ha

71. A 20 kg block is initially at rest on a

rough horizontal surface. A (c) 50 N
js

horizontal force of 75 N is required to (d) 100 N

ra

set the block in motion. After it is in

motion, a horizontal force of 60 N is 74. The coefficient of static friction, 𝜇𝑠 ,
ya

required to keep the block moving between block A of mass 2 kg and the
with constant speed. The coefficient
it

table as shown in the figure is 0.2.

of static friction is
ad

What would be the maximum mass

(a) 0.38 (b) 0.44 value of block B so that the two
(c) 0.52 (d) 0.60 blocks do not move? The string and
the pulley are assumed to be smooth
72. A block A with mass 100 kg is resting and massless. (𝑔 = 10𝑚/𝑠 2 )
on another block B of mass 200 kg. As 2 kg

A
shown in figure a horizontal rope tied
to a wall holds it. The coefficient of
B
friction between A and B is 0.2 while
coefficient of friction between B and
the ground is 0.3. The minimum

61
61
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

(a) 2.0 kg 78. A block of mass 5 kg is on a rough

(b) 4.0 kg horizontal surface and is at rest. Now
a force of 24 N is imparted to it with
(c) 0.2 kg
negligible impulse. If the coefficient
(d) 0.4 kg
of kinetic friction is 0.4 and 𝑔 =
9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 , then the acceleration of the
75. If mass of 𝐴 = 10𝑘𝑔, coefficient of block is
static friction = 0.2, coefficient of
(a) 0.26𝑚/𝑠 2 (b) 0.39𝑚/𝑠 2
kinetic friction = 0.2. Then mass of B
(c) 0.69𝑚/𝑠 2 (d) 0.88𝑚/𝑠 2
to start motion is

om
10 kg 79. A body of mass 2 kg is being dragged
A
with uniform velocity of 2 m/s on a

l.c
rough horizontal plane. The
B coefficient of friction between the

ai
body and the surface is 0.20. The

gm
amount of heat generated in 5 sec is
(𝐽 = 4.2𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒/𝑐𝑎𝑙 and 𝑔 = 9.8𝑚/
(a) 2 kg
0@
𝑠 2)
(b) 2.2 kg (a) 9.33 cal (b) 10.21 cal
(c) 4.8 kg
5

(c) 12.67 cal (d) 13.34 cal

(d) 200 gm
a6

80. Two carts of masses 200 kg and 300

rm

76. A uniform metal chain is placed on a kg on horizontal rails are pushed

rough table such that one end of apart. Suppose the coefficient of
ha

chain hangs down over the edge of friction between the carts and the
the table. When one-third of its rails are same. If the 200 kg cart
js

length hangs over the edge, the chain travels a distance of 36 m and stops,
ra

starts sliding. Then, the coefficient of then the distance travelled by the cart
static friction is weighing 300 kg is
ya

3 1
(a) (b)
4 4
it

2 1 A B
(c) (d)
3 2
ad

77. A car is moving along a straight

(a) 32 m (b) 24 m
horizontal road with a speed 𝑣0 . If the
coefficient of friction between the (c) 16 m (d) 12 m
tyres and the road is 𝜇, the shortest
distance in which the car can be 81. A body B lies on a smooth horizontal
stopped is table and another body A is placed on
𝑣02 𝑣0 B. The coefficient of friction between
(a) (b)
2𝜇𝑔 𝜇𝑔 A and B is 𝜇. What acceleration given
𝑣 2 𝑣0
(c) ( 0 ) (d) to B will cause slipping to occur
𝜇𝑔 𝜇
between A and B

62
62
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

(a) 𝜇𝑔 (b) 𝑔/𝜇 acceleration of the block is 10𝑚/𝑠 2 .

(c) 𝜇/𝑔 (d) √𝜇𝑔 What is the coefficient of kinetic
friction
(a) 0.03 (b) 0.01
82. A 60 kg body is pushed with just
(c) 0.30 (d) 0.25
enough force to start it moving across
a floor and the same force continues
to act afterwards. The coefficient of 87. Assuming the coefficient of friction
static friction and sliding friction are between the road and tyres of a car to
0.5 and 0.4 respectively. The be 0.5, the maximum speed with

om
acceleration of the body is which the car can move round a curve
(a) 6𝑚/𝑠 2 (b) 4.9𝑚/𝑠 2 of 40.0 m radius without slipping, if
the road is unbanked, should be

l.c
(c) 3.92𝑚/𝑠 2 (d) 1𝑚/𝑠 2
(a) 25 m/s (b) 19 m/s

ai
(c) 14 m/s (d) 11 m/s
83. A car turns a corner on a slippery road

gm
at a constant speed of 10𝑚/𝑠. If the
coefficient of friction is 0.5, the 88. Consider a car moving along a straight
horizontal road with a speed of 72
0@
minimum radius of the arc in meter in
which the car turns is km/h. If the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the tyres and the
(a) 20 (b) 10
5

road is 0.5, the shortest distance in

a6

(c) 5 (d) 4
which the car can be stopped is [𝑔 =
10𝑚𝑠 −2 ]
rm

84. On a rough horizontal surface, a body (a) 30 m (b) 40 m

of mass 2 kg is given a velocity of 10 (c) 72 m (d) 20 m
ha

m/s. If the coefficient of friction is 0.2

and 𝑔 = 10𝑚/𝑠 2 , the body will stop
js

89. A 500 kg horse pulls a cart of mass

after covering a distance of
ra

1500 kg along a level road with an

(a) 10 m (b) 25 m
acceleration of 1𝑚𝑠 −2 . If the
ya

(c) 50 m (d) 250 m

coefficient of sliding friction is 0.2,
then the force exerted by the horse in
it

85. A block of mass 50 kg can slide on a forward direction is

ad

rough horizontal surface. The (a) 3000 N (b) 4000 N

coefficient of friction between the
(c) 5000 N (d) 6000 N
block and the surface is 0.6. The least
force of pull acting at an angle of 30°
to the upward drawn vertical which 90. A body of weight 64 N is pushed with
causes the block to just slide is just enough force to start it moving
across a horizontal floor and the same
(a) 29.43 N (b) 219.6 N
force continues to act afterwards. If
(c) 21.96 N (d) 294.3 N
the coefficients of static and dynamic
friction are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively,
86. A body of 10 kg is acted by a force of
129.4 N if 𝑔 = 9.8𝑚/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 . The

63
63
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

the acceleration of the body will be acceleration of the block will be (𝑔 =

(Acceleration due to gravity = g) 10𝑚/𝑠 2 )
𝑔
(a) (b) 0.64 g (a) 5.73𝑚/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
6.4
(c)
𝑔
(d) 0.2 g (b) 8.0𝑚/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
32
(c) 3.17𝑚/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
(d) 10.0𝑚/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
91. A block of mass 10 kg is placed on a
rough horizontal surface having
95. A given object takes n times as much
coefficient of friction  = 0.5. If a
time to slide down a 45° rough incline
horizontal force of 100 N is acting on

om
as it takes to slide down a perfectly
it, then acceleration of the block will
smooth 45° incline. The coefficient of
be
kinetic friction between the object

l.c
(a) 0.5 m/s2 (b) 5 m/s2
and the incline is given by
(c) 10 m/s2 (d) 15 m/s2

ai
1 1
(a) (1 − ) (b)
𝑛2 1−𝑛2

gm
1 1
(c) √(1 − ) (d) √
𝑛2 1−𝑛2
92. A horizontal force of 129.4 N is
0@
applied on a 10 kg block which rests
on a horizontal surface. If the 96. The force required just to move a
5

coefficient of friction is 0.3, the body up an inclined plane is double

a6

acceleration should be the force required just to prevent the

(a) 9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 (b) 10𝑚/𝑠 2 body sliding down. If the coefficient
rm

(c) 12.6𝑚/𝑠 2 (d) 19.6𝑚/𝑠 2 of friction is 0.25, the angle of

inclination of the plane is
ha

(a) 36.8° (b) 45°

93. A fireman of mass 60 kg slides down a
(c) 30° (d) 42.6°
js

pole. He is pressing the pole with a

force of 600 N. The coefficient of
ra

friction between the hands and the 97. Starting from rest, a body slides down
ya

pole is 0.5, with what acceleration will a 45° inclined plane in twice the time
the fireman slide down (g = 10 m/s2) it takes to slide down the same
it

(a) 1 m/s2 (b) 2.5 m/s2 distance in the absence of friction.

ad

The coefficient of friction between

(c) 10 m/s2 (d) 5 m/s2
the body and the inclined plane is
(a) 0.33 (b) 0.25
94. A block of mass 𝑀 = 5𝑘𝑔 is resting on
(c) 0.75 (d) 0.80
a rough horizontal surface for which
the coefficient of friction is 0.2. When
a force 𝐹 = 40𝑁 is applied, the 98. The coefficient of friction between a
body and the surface of an inclined
plane at 45° is 0.5. If 𝑔 = 9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 ,
F
the acceleration of the body
30°
downwards in 𝑚/𝑠 2 is
M

64
64
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

4.9
(a) (b) 4.9√2
√2
100. A body of mass 100 g is sliding from
(c) 19.6√2 (d) 4.9
an inclined plane of inclination 30°.
What is the frictional force
99. A block is lying on an inclined plane experienced if 𝜇 = 1.7
which makes 60° with the horizontal. 1
(a) 1.7 × √2 × 𝑁
If coefficient of friction between block √3
1
and plane is 0.25 and 𝑔 = 10𝑚/𝑠 2 , (b) 1.7 × √3 × 𝑁
2
then acceleration of the block when it
(c) 1.7 × √3𝑁
moves along the plane will be 1

om
(d) 1.7 × √2 × 𝑁
(a) 2.50𝑚/𝑠 2 (b) 5.00𝑚/𝑠 2 3

(c) 7.4𝑚/𝑠 2 (d) 8.66𝑚/𝑠 2

l.c
ai
gm
5 0@
a6
rm
ha
js
ra
ya
it
ad

65
65
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

SOLUTIONS

1. (b) 𝑢 = 100 𝑚/𝑠,  𝑣 = 0,  𝑠 = 0.06 𝑚 9. (c) If the man starts walking on the

𝑢2 (100)2 trolley in the forward direction then
Retardation =𝑎= = =
2𝑠 2×0.06 whole system will move in backward
1×106
direction with same momentum.
12
5×10−3 ×1×106 1m/s
 Force = 𝑚𝑎 = =
12
5000 v
= 417 𝑁
12

𝐹 100
2. (c) Acceleration 𝑎 = = = 20 𝑐𝑚/

om
𝑚 5
𝑠2 Momentum of man in forward
Now 𝑣 = 𝑎𝑡 = 20 × 10 = 200𝑐𝑚/𝑠 direction = Momentum of system

l.c
(man + trolley) in backward direction
𝑑𝑚
3. (b) 𝐹 = 𝑢 (
𝑑𝑡
) = 400 × 0.05 = 20 𝑁  80 × 1 = (80 + 320) × 𝑣  𝑣 =

ai
4. (b) 𝑢 = 4 𝑚/𝑠, 𝑣 = 0,  𝑡 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 0.2 𝑚/𝑠
So the velocity of man w.r.t. ground

gm
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
1.0 − 0.2 = 0.8 𝑚/𝑠
 0 = 4 + 2𝑎
 Displacement of man w.r.t. ground
 𝑎 = −2𝑚/𝑠 2
0@
= 0.8 × 4 = 3.2 𝑚
 Retarding force= 𝑚𝑎 = 2 × 2 =
4N
(b) As weight = 9.8 N  Mass = 1 kg
5

10.
This force opposes the motion. If the same 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 5
a6

Acceleration = = = 5 𝑚/𝑠 2
amount of force is applied in forward direction, 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 1

then the body will move with constant velocity. → →

𝑣 −𝑣 (−2)−(+10) −12
rm

11. (b)𝑎 = 2 1 = = =
𝑡 4 4
−3 𝑚/𝑠 2
5. (d) Reading on the spring balance = m (g
ha

𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 = 10 × (−3) = −30𝑁
– a) Impulse = Force  Time = −30 × 4 =
and since a = g  Force = 0 −120N-s
js
ra

6. (a) The lift is not accelerated, hence the 12. (b) Force on particle at 20 cm away
ya

reading of the balance will be equal 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑥

to the true weight.
F = 15 × 0.2 = 3 N
it

𝑅 = 𝑚𝑔 = 2𝑔 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 or 2 kg [As 𝑘 = 15 𝑁/𝑚]

ad

Force 3
 Acceleration = = = 10𝑚/𝑠 2
7. (d) When lift moves upward then reading Mass 0.3

of the spring balance,

𝑅 = 𝑚(𝑔 + 𝑎) = 2(𝑔 + 𝑔) = 𝑑𝑚
13. (a) Force on the block F = 𝑢  ( )=
4𝑔 𝑁 = 4 𝑘𝑔 [As 𝑎 = 𝑔] 𝑑𝑡
5 × 1 = 5 𝑁
𝐹 5
2ℎ  Acceleration of block a= = = 2.5 𝑚/𝑠 2
8. (a) For stationary lift 𝑡1 = √ 𝑚 2
𝑔

and when the lift is moving up with constant

2ℎ 14. (d) Resultant force is 𝑤 + 3𝑤 = 4𝑤
acceleration 𝑡2 = √ ∴    𝑡1 > 𝑡2
𝑔+𝑎

66
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BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

15. (d) In stationary lift man weighs 40 kg i.e. 22. (a) 𝑆Horizontal = 𝑢𝑡 = 1.5 × 4 = 6𝑚
400 N. 1 1𝐹 1
𝑆Vertical = 𝑎𝑡 2 = 𝑡2 = × 1 ×
2 2𝑚 2
When lift accelerates upward it's 16 = 8𝑚
apparent weight = 𝑚(𝑔 + 𝑎) =
𝑆Net = √62 + 82 = 10𝑚
40(10 + 2) = 480 𝑁 i.e. 48 kg
For the clarity of concepts in this
23. (b) Rate of flow will be more when lift
problem kg-wt can be used in place
will move in upward direction with
of kg.
some acceleration because the net
downward pull will be more and vice-
16. (d) As the apparent weight increase versa.

om
therefore, we can say that 𝐹upward = 𝑚(𝑔 + 𝑎)
acceleration of the lift is in upward and 𝐹downward = 𝑚(𝑔 − 𝑎)
direction.

l.c
𝑅 = 𝑚(𝑔 + 𝑎) 4.8 𝑔 = 4(𝑔 + 𝑎) 24. (c) Initial thrust must be

ai
𝑎 = 0.2𝑔 = 1.96 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑚[𝑔 + 𝑎] = 3.5 × 104 (10 + 10) =
7 × 105 𝑁

gm
𝑔 3𝑔
17. (a) 𝑇1 = 𝑚(𝑔 + 𝑎) = 1 × (𝑔 + ) =
2 2
𝑔 𝑔 25. (b) When the lift is stationary 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
0@
𝑇2 = 𝑚(𝑔 − 𝑎) = 1 × (𝑔 − ) =
2 2  49 = 𝑚 × 9.8
𝑇1 3
 =  𝑚 = 5𝑘𝑔.
𝑇2 1
5

When the lift is moving downward

a6

𝑢𝑑𝑚 with an acceleration

18. (b) 𝐹 = = 𝑚(𝑔 + 𝑎)
𝑑𝑡 𝑅 = 𝑚(9.8 − 𝑎) = 5[9.8 − 5]
𝑑𝑚 𝑚(𝑔+𝑎) 5000×(10+20)

rm

= = = = 24𝑁
𝑑𝑡 𝑢 800
187.5 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
ha

26. (a) When car moves towards right with

19. (d) When trolley are released then they acceleration a then due to pseudo
js

posses same linear momentum but in force the plumb a

opposite direction. Kinetic energy line will tilt in
ra


acquired by any trolley will dissipate backward a
against friction. direction making
ya

𝑝2 1 
 𝜇𝑚𝑔𝑠 = 𝑠∝ [As P and u an angle 𝜃 with
2𝑚 𝑚2
it

vertical. g
are constants]
𝑚2 2 3 2 From the figure,
ad

𝑠1 9
 =( ) =( ) =
𝑠2 𝑚1 1 1 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑎/𝑔
 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1( 𝑎/𝑔)
20. (d) 𝑢 = 250𝑚/𝑠, 𝑣 = 0, 𝑠 = 0.12𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑒
𝑢2 −𝑣2
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚 ( )=
2𝑠
20×10−3 ×(250)2 F = 4N
27. (b) Displacement of body F
2×0.12 in 4 sec along OE
 𝐹 = 5.2 × 103 𝑁
𝑠𝑥 = 𝑣𝑥 𝑡 = 3 × 4 = 12 𝑚
ux = 0 vx = 3m/s
𝑑𝑚
21. (b) 𝐹 = 𝑢  ( ) = 500 × 50 × 10−3 = Force along OF (perpendicular O E
𝑑𝑡
25𝑁 to OE) = 4 N
𝐹 4
 𝑎𝑦 = = = 2 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑚 2

67
67
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

Displacement of body in 4 sec along OF 𝑆2 𝑢2 2 120 2

1 1 =( ) =( ) =4
𝑠𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡 2 = × 2 × (4)2 = 16 𝑚 𝑆1 𝑢1 60
2 2
[As 𝑢𝑦 = 0]  𝑆2 = 4 × 𝑆1 = 4 × 20 = 80𝑚
 Net displacement
𝑑𝑝 𝑑
31. (d) 𝐹 = =̄ (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑡 2 ) = 2𝑏𝑡
𝑠= √𝑠𝑥2 + 𝑠𝑦2   = √(12)2 + (16)2 = 20 𝑚 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝐹 ∝ 𝑡

28. (d) R ma cos 32. (c) If man slides down with some

acceleration then its apparent weight
ma a
decreases. For critical condition rope

om
mg cos can bear only 2/3 of his weight. If a is
mg sin 

 mg + the minimum acceleration then,
Tension in the rope = 𝑚(𝑔 − 𝑎) =

l.c
When the whole system is
Breaking strength
accelerated towards left then pseudo
2
 𝑚(𝑔 − 𝑎) = 𝑚𝑔

ai
force (ma) works on a block towards 3
right. 2𝑔 𝑔
𝑎 = 𝑔 −

gm
=
3 3
For the condition of equilibrium
𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑚𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
33. (a) For exerted by ball on wall
0@
𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑎= = rate of change in momentum of ball
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑚𝑣−(−𝑚𝑣) 2𝑚𝑣
 Force exerted by the wedge on the = =
5

𝑡 𝑡
block
a6

𝑅 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑚𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 34. (c) 𝐹 =

𝑑𝑝
=
𝑑
(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑡 2 ) = 2𝑏𝑡
𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
rm

𝑅 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑚 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 i.e. 𝐹 ∝ 𝑡

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑚𝑔(𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃)
=
ha

35. (a) Given that

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑚𝑔 𝑝 = 𝑝𝑥 𝑖̂ + 𝑝𝑦 𝑗̂ = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 𝑖̂ + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡  𝑗̂
=
js

𝑑𝑝
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝐹 = = −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 𝑖̂ + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡  𝑗̂
𝑑𝑡
ra

Now, 𝐹 . 𝑝 = 0 i.e. angle between 𝐹  and 𝑝 is

29. (d) u = velocity of bullet
𝑑𝑚 90°.
ya

=Mass fired per second by the

𝑑𝑡
gun 36. (a) Velocity by which the ball hits the bat
it

𝑑𝑚
= Mass of bullet (mB) × Bullets fired 𝑣1 = √2𝑔ℎ1 = √2 × 10 × 5
ad

𝑑𝑡
per sec (N) or →
𝑣1 = +10𝑚/𝑠 = 10𝑚/𝑠
Maximum force that man can exert velocity of rebound
𝑑𝑚
𝐹 = 𝑢  ( ) 𝑣2 = √2𝑔ℎ2 = √2 × 10 × 20
𝑑𝑡
 𝐹 = 𝑢 × 𝑚𝐵 × 𝑁 = 20𝑚/𝑠 or →
𝑣 = −20𝑚/𝑠
2
𝐹 144 → −→
𝑁= = 𝑑𝑣 𝑚(𝑣 2 𝑣1 ) 0.4(−20 − 10)
𝑚𝐵 × 𝑢 40 × 10−3 × 1200 𝐹=𝑚 = =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
=3 = 100𝑁
by solving dt = 0.12 sec
30. (d) The stopping distance, 𝑆 ∝ 𝑢 2 (∵
 𝑣 2 = 𝑢 2 − 2𝑎𝑠)
37. (b) Since downward force along the
inclined plane

68
68
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

=𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 5 × 10 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 0° ⇒ 𝜃 = 𝜋/4.

= 25𝑁
43. (b) mg cos 
2 2 2 ma 
38. (b) 𝑅 = (3𝑃) + (2𝑃) + 2 × 3𝑃 ×
mg sin 
2𝑃 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 …(i)
2 2 2 mg a
(2𝑅) = (6𝑃) + (2𝑃) + 2 × 6𝑃 × 2𝑃 × 
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 …(ii)
Let the mass of a block is m. It will
by solving (i) and (ii),
remains stationary if forces acting on
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = −1/2
it are in equilibrium i.e, 𝑚𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 =
 𝜃 = 120° 𝑚𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼

om
 𝑎 = 𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼
39. (b)
Here 𝑚𝑎 = Pseudo force on block,

l.c
2F R mg = Weight.

ai
  = 90°
44. (c) m

gm
F M P
2𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 = = ∞ (as  = 90°) 𝑃
𝐹+2𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 Acceleration of the system =
𝑚+𝑀
𝐹 + 2𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 0
0@
The force exerted by rope on the
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = − mass =
𝑀𝑃
2
𝑚+𝑀
𝜃 = 120°
5
a6

45. (b) Tension between 𝑚2 and 𝑚3 is

given by
rm

40. (a) Net force on the particle is zero so

the 𝑣 remains unchanged. 2𝑚1 𝑚3
𝑇= ×𝑔
𝑚1 + 𝑚2 + 𝑚3
ha

m1 m2
2×2×2 T
41. (a) FBD of mass 2 kg FBD of mass 4kg = × 9.8 = 13 𝑁
2+2+2
js

m3
T
ra

T 4N 8N
𝑚2 5 49
46. (b) 𝑎 = ×𝑔 = × 9.8 = =
𝑚1 +𝑚2 4+5 9
ya

2 kg 4 kg
5.44 𝑚/𝑠 2
T 20 N
it

40 N
2𝑚1 𝑚2 2×2×3 12
47. (d) 𝑇 = 𝑔= 𝑔= 𝑔
ad

𝑇 − 𝑇 ′ − 20 = 4 ….(i) 𝑚1 +𝑚2 2+3 5

𝑇 ′ − 40 = 8 …(ii) 𝑚2 − 𝑚1 3−2 𝑔
𝑎=( )  𝑔 = ( )  𝑔 =
By solving (i) and (ii) 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 3+2 5
𝑇 ′ = 47.23𝑁 and 𝑇 = 70.8𝑁
𝑇3
48. (b) 𝑇2 = (𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 ) ×
𝑚𝐴+𝑚𝐵 +𝑚𝐶
36
42. (b) | 𝐹 | = y 𝑇2 = (1 + 8) × = 9 𝑁
(1+8+27)
√52 + 52 =
Fy= 5N

5√2 𝑁. F
(𝑚2 −𝑚1 )
49. (c) Acceleration= 𝑔
And  x
(𝑚2 +𝑚1 )
5 Fx= 5N 4−3 9.8
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = =1 = × 9.8 = = 1.4𝑚/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
5
4+3 7

69
69
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

This should not be exceed over

50. (c) breaking strength of the rope i.e.
m1 m2 T' m3 T 360 ≥ 𝑚(𝑔 − 𝑎)
360 ≥ 60(10 − 𝑎)
𝑇  𝑎 ≥ 4 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑇′ = (𝑚1 + 𝑚2 ) ×
𝑚1 +𝑚2 +𝑚3

𝑚1 −𝑚2
𝑇3
60. (b) 𝑎 = ( )𝑔
𝑚1 +𝑚2
51. (d) 𝑇2 = (𝑚1 + 𝑚2 ) × =
𝑚1 +𝑚2 +𝑚3 𝑔 𝑚1 −𝑚2
(10+6)×40  =( )𝑔
= 32 𝑁 8 𝑚1 +𝑚2
20 𝑚1 9
 =

om
𝑚2 7

𝑚2 1
52. (a) Acceleration= ×𝑔 = × 𝑚1 −𝑚2 5−4.8
𝑚1 +𝑚2 2+1
61. (a) 𝑎 = [ ]𝑔 = [ ] × 9.8 =

l.c
9.8 = 3.27 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑚1 +𝑚2 5+4.8
2
and 𝑇 = 𝑚1 𝑎 = 2 × 3.27 = 6.54 𝑁 0.2 𝑚/𝑠

ai
gm
2𝑚1 𝑚2 2×10×6
53. (d) 𝑇 = 𝑔= × 9.8 = 62. (c) As the spring balances are massless
𝑚1 +𝑚2 10+6
therefore the reading of both
73.5𝑁
balance should be equal.
0@
𝑚2 −𝑚1 10−5 𝑔
54. (c) 𝑎 = 𝑔= 𝑔= 𝑚2 −𝑚1 𝑚−𝑚/2 𝑔
𝑚1 +𝑚2 10+5 3
63. (a) 𝑎 = ( )  𝑔 = ( )  𝑔 =
5

𝑚1 +𝑚2 𝑚+𝑚/2 3
a6

𝑚2 3
55. (b) 𝑎 = 𝑔= 10 = 3𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑚1 +𝑚2 7+3 64. (a) Acceleration of each mass = 𝑎 =
rm

𝑚1 −𝑚2
( )  𝑔
𝑚2 +𝑚3 3+5 𝑚1 +𝑚2
56. (c) 𝑇1 = ( )𝑔 = ×
ha

𝑚1 +𝑚2 +𝑚3 2+3+5 Now acceleration of centre of mass of the

10 = 8𝑁 system
js

𝑚1 →
𝑎1 +𝑚1→
𝑎2
𝐴𝑐𝑚 =
𝑚1 +𝑚2
ra

𝑚2 −𝑚1 10−6
57. (c) 𝑎 = ( )𝑔 = ( ) × 10 = As both masses move with same acceleration
𝑚1 +𝑚2 10+6
2.5𝑚/𝑠 2 but in opposite direction so →
ya

𝑎1 =
−→𝑎2 = a (let)
it

𝑚1 𝑎−𝑚2 𝑎
58. (c) 𝑇 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 0 = 2𝑘𝑔𝑤𝑡 T sin 30 ∴    𝐴𝑐𝑚 =
30o 𝑚1 +𝑚2
ad

 𝑇 = 4𝑘𝑔𝑤𝑡 T 𝑚1 −𝑚2 𝑚1 −𝑚2

30o =( )×( )×𝑔
𝑇1 = 𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 0° 𝑚1 +𝑚2 𝑚1 +𝑚2
T cos 30 T1
= 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 0° 𝑚 −𝑚 2
1 2
=( ) ×𝑔
𝑚1 +𝑚2
= 2√3 2 kg-wt a m1
m2 a

59. (c) If monkey move downward with 65. (c) Here applied horizontal force F acts
acceleration a then its apparent as normal reaction. f
weight decreases. In that condition For holding the block
Tension in string = 𝑚(𝑔 − 𝑎) Force of friction = Weight of block
R
𝑓 = 𝑊  𝜇𝑅 = 𝑊 F

𝜇𝐹 = 𝑊
W

70
70
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

𝐹 =
𝑊
𝑚𝐵 = 0.4 𝑘𝑔
𝜇
75. (a)
As 𝜇 < 1 ∴    𝐹 > 𝑊 𝑚𝐵 𝑚𝐵
66. (a) For limiting condition 𝜇 =
𝑚𝐵 𝜇𝑠 =    ⇒  0.2 =   
𝑚𝐴+𝑚𝐶 𝑚𝐴 10
 0.2 =
5 ⇒ 𝑚𝐵 = 2 𝑘𝑔
10+𝑚𝐶

 2 + 0.2𝑚𝐶 = 5
76. (d)
 𝑚𝐶 = 15𝑘𝑔 𝜇𝑠
Lenght of the chain hanging from the table
=
Length of the chain lying on the table
𝑙/3 𝑙/3 1

om
67. (c) For given condition we can apply
= = =
direct formula 𝑙 − 𝑙/3 2𝑙/3 2
𝜇
𝑙1 = ( )  𝑙

l.c
𝜇+1
77. (a) Retarding force 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝜇𝑅 =
𝜇 𝑚𝑔  𝑎 = 𝜇𝑔

ai
68. (b) 𝐹 =
𝑊
=
1×9.8
= 49𝑁 Now from equation of motion 𝑣 2 =

gm
𝜇 0.2 𝑢 2 − 2𝑎𝑠
⇒  0 = 𝑢 2 − 2𝑎𝑠
𝜇 0.25 𝑙
69. (a) 𝑙 ′ = ( )𝑙 = ( )  𝑙 = = 𝑠 =
𝑢2 𝑢2 𝑣02
0@
𝜇+1 0.25+1 5 =  =
2𝑎 2𝜇 𝑔 2𝜇𝑔
20% of l.
5

78. (d) Net force = Applied force – Friction

a6

70. force
(a) 𝜇=
𝑚𝐵
   ⇒  0.2 =
𝑚𝐵
   ⇒ 𝑚𝑎 = 24 − 𝜇 𝑚𝑔 = 24 − 0.4 × 5 ×
rm

𝑚𝐴 10 9.8 = 24 − 19.6
 𝑚𝐵 = 2𝑘𝑔 4.4
𝑎 = = 0.88 𝑚/𝑠 2
5
ha

𝐹𝑙
71. (a) Coefficient of friction 𝜇𝑠 = =
𝑅
75 75 79. (a) Work done = Force × Displacement=
= = 0.38
js

𝑚𝑔 20×9.8 𝜇 𝑚𝑔 × (𝑣 × 𝑡)
𝑊 = (0.2) × 2 × 9.8 × 2 × 5 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒
ra

72. (c) 𝑊
Heat generated Q= =
ya

𝐽
0.2×2×9.8×2×5
fAB A = 9.33cal
4.2
it

fBG B F
Ground
ad

1 𝑠2
80. (c) For given condition𝑠 ∝  =
𝑚2 𝑠1
𝑚1 2 200 2
𝐹 = 𝑓𝐴𝐵 + 𝑓𝐵𝐺 ( ) =( )
𝑚2 300
= 𝜇𝐴𝐵 𝑚𝑎 𝑔 + 𝜇𝐵𝐺 (𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )𝑔  𝑠2 = 𝑠1 × = 36 × = 16 𝑚
4 4
9 9
= 0.2 × 100 × 10
+0.3(300) × 10
81. (a) There is no friction between the body
= 200 + 900 = 1100 𝑁
B and surface of the table. If the body
B is pulled with force F then
𝑊
73. (a) 𝐹 = 𝑊 = 𝜇𝐹 = 0.2 × 10 = 2𝑁 𝐹 = (𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 )𝑎
𝜇
Due to this force upper body A will
74. (d) 𝜇𝑠 =
𝑚𝐵
 0.2 =
𝑚𝐵 feel the pseudo force in a backward
𝑚𝐴 2
direction.

71
71
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

𝑓 = 𝑚𝐴 × 𝑎 87. (c) 𝑣 = √𝜇𝑔𝑟 = √0.5 × 9.8 × 40 =

√196 = 14 𝑚/𝑠
f
A
R
B F 88. (b)
𝑢2 (20)2
𝑠= = = 40 𝑚
2𝜇 𝑔 2 × 0.5 × 10
But due to friction between A and B,
body will not move. The body A will
89. (d) Net force in forward direction =
start moving when pseudo force is
Accelerating force + Friction
more than friction force.
= 𝑚𝑎 + 𝜇 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚(𝑎 + 𝜇 𝑔) =
i.e. for slipping, 𝑚𝐴 𝑎 = 𝜇 𝑚𝐴 𝑔 

om
(1500 + 500)(1 + 0.2 × 10)
𝑎 = 𝜇𝑔
= 2000 × 3 = 6000 𝑁

l.c
82. (d) Limiting friction = 𝜇𝑠 𝑅 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔 =
90. (d) Weight of the body = 64N
0.5 × 60 × 10 = 300 𝑁

ai
so mass of the body𝑚 =
Kinetic friction = 𝜇𝑘 𝑅 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔 =
6.4 𝑘𝑔,𝜇𝑠 = 0.6, 𝜇𝑘 = 0.4

gm
0.4 × 60 × 10 = 240 𝑁
Net acceleration
Force applied on the body = 300 N
Applied force -Kinetic friction
and if the body is moving then, Net =
0@
Mass of the body
accelerating force 𝜇𝑠 𝑚𝑔 − 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔
=Applied force – Kinetic friction = = (𝜇𝑠 − 𝜇𝑘 )𝑔
𝑚
5

 𝑚𝑎 = 300 − 240 = 60 = (0.6 − 0.4)𝑔

a6

60 = 0.2𝑔
∴𝑎 = = 1 𝑚/𝑠 2
60
rm

Applied force –Kinetic friction

𝑣2 100 91. (b) 𝑎 =
83. (a) 𝑣 = √𝜇 𝑔 𝑟 ⇒ 𝑟 = = = mass
𝜇𝑔 0.5×10 100 − 0.5 × 10 × 10
= 5𝑚/𝑠 2
ha

20 =
10
js

𝑢2 (10)2
84. (b) 𝑆 = = = 25 𝑚 92.(b) From the relation 𝐹 − 𝜇𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑎
2𝜇𝑔 2×0.2×10
𝐹 − 𝜇𝑚𝑔 129.4 − 0.3 × 10 × 9.8
ra

𝑎= =
𝑚 10
= 10 𝑚/𝑠 2
ya

85. (d) F cos 30°

R
F
it

 93. (d) Net downward acceleration

F sin 30°
ad

f
F
mg

For limiting condition 𝑓 = 𝜇𝑅 R 600N

𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 0° = 𝜇(𝑚𝑔 − 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 0°), By
solving 𝐹 = 294.3 𝑁 W

Weight-Friction force
86. (c) Net force on the body = Applied force =
– Friction Mass
(𝑚𝑔 − 𝜇 𝑅)
𝑚𝑎 = 𝐹 − 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔 =
𝑚
𝐹 − 𝑚𝑎 129.4 − 10 × 10 60 × 10 − 0.5 × 600
𝜇𝑘 = = = 0.3 =
𝑚𝑔 10 × 9.8 60

72
72
BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE LAWS OF MOTION

300 1
𝜇 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 4 5° (1 − 2 ) = 1 − = = 0.75
1 3
= = 5 𝑚/𝑠 2 2 4 4
60

94. (a) 98. (a) 𝑎 = 𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) =

R F sin 30°
F 9.8(𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 5𝑜 − 0.5 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 5𝑜 )
4.9
30° F cos 30° =  𝑚/ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
Fk √2

mg

Kinetic friction =𝜇𝑘 𝑅 = 0.2(𝑚𝑔 − 𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 0°) 99. (c) 𝑎 = 𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
1 = 10(𝑠𝑖𝑛 6 0° − 0.25 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6 0°)
= 0.2 (5 × 10 − 40 × )
2 𝑎 = 7.4 𝑚/𝑠 2

om
= 0.2(50 − 20)
= 6 𝑁 100. (b) 𝐹𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑅 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑚𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

l.c
Acceleration of the block 𝐹𝑘 = 1.7 × 0.1 × 10 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 0° =
F cos 30   Kinetic friction √3 1
 1.7 × ×  𝑁

ai
Mass 2 2
√3

gm
40 × −6
= 2 = 5.73 𝑚/𝑠 2
5 0@
1 1
95. (a) 𝜇 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 (1 − ) = 1− [As
𝑛2 𝑛2
𝜃 = 45°]
5
a6

96. (a) Retardation in upward motion

= 𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
rm

 Force required just to move up

𝐹𝑢𝑝 = 𝑚𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
ha

Similarly for down ward motion a =

js

𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)

Force required just to prevent the
ra

body sliding down

ya

𝐹𝑑𝑛 = 𝑚𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)

According to problem 𝐹𝑢𝑝 = 2𝐹𝑑𝑛
it

𝑚𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) =
ad

2𝑚𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 − 𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝜇  𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 −
2𝜇  𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
3𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 3𝜇
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 ( 3𝜇) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 ( 3 ×
0.25) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1( 0.75) = 36.8°

1
97. (c) 𝜇 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 (1 − )
𝑛2
𝜃 = 45° and 𝑛 = 2 (Given)

73
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