BACHELOR IN CHEMICAL

ENGINEERING WITH
HONOURS

ASSIGNMENT

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH IN INDUSTRY
SETK3552

PREPARE BY :
MOHD HAFWAN AFFIQ BIN ABDUL MANAF
SX201172ETKHS01

LECTURER :DR SYED ANUAR FAU'AAD BIN SYED MUHAMMAD

Question 01

a. The main implementation strategy of OSHA 1994 is through “self-regulation” concept.

Explain this concept and its requirement to be effective.

Answer :

Self-regulation in OSHA 1994 refers to the principle that employers have a responsibility to
maintain a safe and healthy work environment for their employees, and that they should
implement measures to achieve this without reliance on government intervention.

For above concept to be effective, the following requirements need to be met:

i. Employers must have a clear understanding of health and safety risks in the workplace
and take steps to minimize the risks.
ii. Employers must have effective management systems in place to ensure that health and
safety procedures are complied.
iii. Employees must be trained to carry out any task in safe manner.
iv. Employers must aware and review their health and safety procedures to identify areas
for improvement and make changes as necessary.
v. Employers must cooperate with regulatory agencies, such as OSHA, to resolve health
and safety issues.
vi. Employers must be transparent about their health and safety policies and procedures,
and must involve employees in the decision-making process.
vii. Effective self-regulation requires a strong commitment from both employers and
employees to prioritize workplace health and safety.
b. As a Safety and Health Officer (SHO) of a chemical processing facility; discuss the key

elements to be considered for effective OSH Management System.

Answer :

As a SHO of a chemical processing facality, SHO need to consider the key as per below :

i. Policy: The company should have a clear policy on safety and health, and should be
communicated to all employees and reviewed regularly.
ii. Organization and Responsibilities: The SHO should have clear lines of authority and
responsibility for safety and health, and should be supported by a well-trained safety
and health team.
iii. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment: The SHO should regularly conduct risk
assessments to identify and evaluate hazards in the workplace and implement measures
to control or eliminate the hazard.
iv. Training and Awareness: All employees should receive regular safety and health
training (refresher) to ensure employees are aware of the risks involved in their work
and can be practice in daily task.
v. Emergency Preparedness: The SHO should develop and implement emergency
response plans (ERP) and procedures to respond to workplace for any accidents and
incidents triggered.
vi. Inspections and Audits: Regular safety and health inspections should be conducted to
identify any hazards in working areas for improvement and ensure compliance with
OSHA regulations.
vii. Record Keeping: The SHO should maintain the records of all safety and health
activities, including accidents and incidents, training, and inspections.
viii. Continuous Improvement: The SHO should regularly review and evaluate the OSH
management system and make improvements where necessary to ensure it remains
effective.
Question 02

a. JB Pesticides Sdn Bhd produces pesticides using Methyl Iso Cyanate (MIC) as an

intermediate. MIC is an extremely dangerous compound – reactive, toxic, volatile and

flammable. This plant has 75 employees working on an 8-hour working shift. With

reference to OSHA 1994, briefly describe the 4 regulations which are applicable to this

plant.

Answer :

In reference to OSHA 1994, the following four regulations are applicable to JB Pesticides Sdn
Bhd, a plant that produces pesticides using Methyl Iso Cyanate (MIC):

i. Process Safety Management (PSM) of Highly Hazardous Chemicals: This regulation

requires employers to implement specific procedures to manage the hazards associated
with highly hazardous chemicals, such as MIC, to prevent releases and minimize the
consequences of hazardous chemical releases.
ii. Hazard Communication Standard: This regulation requires employers to provide
information to employees about the hazardous chemicals they may be exposed to in the
workplace, including MIC, and to train employees on the safe handling for hazardous
chemical.
iii. Respiratory Protection Standard: This regulation requires employers to provide
respiratory protection to employees who may be exposed to hazardous air
contaminants, including MIC, and to establish and implement a comprehensive
respiratory protection program.
iv. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Standard: This regulation requires employers to
provide appropriate PPE, such as gloves, eye protection, and protective clothing, to
employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals, including MIC, and to train
employees on the proper use and maintenance of PPE.
Question 03

a. The theme for the new Malaysian OSH Master Plan 2021-2025(OSHMP25) is ‘OSH
Inclusive-Equality and Commitment’. What do you understand about this theme? Elaborate in
detail from the context of the national agenda to level up the OSH performance of the country.

Answer :

The theme "OSH Inclusive-Equality and Commitment" for the Malaysian OSH Master Plan
2021-2025 (OSHMP25) reflects the national agenda to raise the level of occupational safety
and health (OSH) performance in the country. The theme emphasizes the importance of
inclusiveness and equality in achieving improved OSH outcomes for all workers, regardless of
their background or working conditions.

From a broader perspective, the theme "OSH Inclusive-Equality and Commitment"

encompasses the following key elements:

i. Inclusiveness: This means that all workers, regardless of their background, working
conditions, or industry sector, should have equal access to safe and healthy working
environments. This includes ensuring that workers from marginalized or
underrepresented groups have the same opportunities for OSH protection as others.
ii. Equality: This means that all workers should be treated equally and have equal access
to OSH protection, regardless of their working conditions or the type of work they do.
This includes ensuring that workers in high-risk sectors, such as construction,
agriculture, and manufacturing, have the same level of protection as those in other
sectors.
iii. Commitment: This refers to the commitment of employers, workers, and government
agencies to work together to improve OSH outcomes in the country. This includes a
commitment to regularly review and evaluate OSH performance, identify areas for
improvement, and make changes as necessary to ensure that all workers are protected.

By adopting this theme, the Malaysian government aims to raise awareness of the importance
of OSH and to encourage a more proactive approach to managing safety and health in the
workplace. The goal is to create a culture of safety and health in the country, where workers
are valued and protected, and employers are held accountable for providing safe and healthy
working conditions.
b. Strategy 6 of the OSHMP25 is to ‘Strengthening OSH through technology’. Provide two (2)
examples with detailed elaboration on how this strategy can be materialized (applied) in
Malaysia.

Answer :

Strategy 6 of the Malaysian OSH Master Plan 2021-2025 (OSHMP25), which aims to
"Strengthen OSH through technology," recognizes the role that technology can play in
improving occupational safety and health (OSH) in the country. Below are two examples of
how this strategy can be materialized in Malaysia:

i. Use of wearable technology for real-time monitoring of worker exposure to hazardous

substances: This could include the use of wearable devices, such as smart watches, light
weight monitoring portable device or sensors, to monitor workers' exposure to
hazardous substances in real-time. This technology could provide notification to
workers and supervisors or superior when exposure limits are exceeded, allowing for
prompt corrective action to be taken. This technology could also provide valuable data
on worker exposure patterns, allowing employers to identify trends and make changes
to their processes to reduce exposure and improve worker health and safety.
ii. Implementation of digital OSH management systems: This could involve the use of
software and digital platforms to manage OSH processes, such as hazard identification
and assessment, risk management, incident reporting and investigation, and safety
training. The use of digital systems can help to standardize OSH processes, increase
transparency and accountability, and provide real-time data and analytics on OSH
performance. This technology can also support the implementation of continuous
improvement initiatives, as well as allow for the tracking of progress towards meeting
OSH goals and objectives.
Question 04

The main objective of Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) Malaysia
published the OSH Master Plan 2025 is to protect workers and strengthen the public safety to
the community. One of the programs is to increase the community awareness and knowledge
on OSH for accident prevention especially in public area and shared facilities. Considering
your CSR Video project in this subject:

a. Discuss the impact of your video to enhance the safety and health culture in Malaysia.

Answer :

The impact of a CSR video project on enhancing the safety and health culture in Malaysia
would depend on several factors :

Content of video effectively communicates to deliver important information about

occupational safety and health (OSH) and will impact in raising awareness about the
importance of OSH and indirectly promoting a safety and health culture.

Will increase the knowledge and understanting about OSH and motivate viewer or audience to
take action in order to promote safety and health in thier own workplace and communties.

By highlighting real-life examples of OSH challenges and successes, the video can help to
dispel misconceptions about OSH, and inspire viewers to adopt safer and healthier behaviors.
b. In your opinion, suggest the programs or activities that is critical for DOSH to implement
for better public safety performance in Malaysia.

Answer:

To enhance public safety performance in Malaysia, I would suggest the following programs or
activities that the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) should consider
implementing:

i. OSH education and training programs: The program could include OSH training for
workers, supervisors, and managers, as well as public awareness campaigns and
community-based education programs. This education and training should be tailored
to the needs of different target groups and delivered through a variety of media and
delivery methods to reach as many people as possible.
ii. Development of industry-specific OSH guidelines: The program would involve
collabrate with employers and workers in different sectors to identify the key OSH
challenges in related industries, and developing guidelines and best practices to address
the challenges. This would help to ensure that OSH protection is relevant and practical
for each industry and that employers are equipped to provide safe and healthy working
environments for their workers.
iii. Expansion of workplace inspections: The program could involve increasing the number
and frequency of workplace inspections conducted by DOSH. This action would help
to ensure that employers are in compliance with OSH regulations and that workers are
protected from hazardous working conditions.
iv. Encouragement of reporting and investigation of OSH incidents: The program would
involve encouraging workers and employers to report OSH incidents and ensuring that
these incidents are thoroughly investigated to identify root causes and prevent future
incidents. This would also help to create a culture of transparency and accountability
around OSH.
Question 05

Lists any four (4) of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that related to
occupational safety, health, and environments. Then, in simple words describe four (4)
functions of ISOs’ that you have selected.

Answer :

1. ISO 45001:2018: This standard provides a framework for an effective occupational

health and safety management system. It helps organizations to minimize the risk of
workplace accidents and illnesses, and ensure the well-being of employees.
2. ISO 14001:2015: This standard provides a set of guidelines for organizations to manage
their environmental impact and reduce their carbon footprint. It helps organizations to
comply with environmental regulations, minimize waste, and promote sustainable
practices.
3. ISO 18001:2007: This standard provides a set of requirements for occupational health
and safety management systems, including hazard identification, risk assessment, and
the development of control measures to minimize risks. It helps organizations to
improve their OSH performance and reduce the risk of workplace accidents and
illnesses.
4. ISO 26000:2010: This standard provides guidance on social responsibility, including
issues related to human rights, labor practices, the environment, and fair business
practices. It helps organizations to operate in a responsible and sustainable manner, and
to contribute to the well-being of the communities in which they operate.
Question 06

Develop HIRARC table as guides by DOSH for workers that working in a laboratory or any
works place. Your HIRARC should include at least five (5) potential hazards.

Answer :

HIRARC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control) Table for Laboratory or
Workplace

Hazard Risk Risk Control

Identification Assessment
Chemical High Provide appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
exposure such as gloves, goggles, lab coats, and face masks. Ensure that
all workers are trained in the proper use of PPE. Establish a
safe work procedure for handling chemicals and clearly label
all chemical containers. Implement an effective ventilation
system to minimize exposure to fumes and vapors.
Fire hazards High Conduct regular fire drills and educate workers on the proper
evacuation procedure in case of fire. Install fire extinguishers
in easily accessible locations and ensure that workers are
trained in their use. Ensure that electrical equipment is
regularly inspected and maintained. Store flammable
chemicals in approved cabinets and away from ignition
sources.
Slips, trips Medium Maintain a clean and organized work environment. Install
and falls non-slip flooring and ensure that spills are cleaned up
promptly. Ensure that walkways and stairways are well-lit and
free of obstructions. Provide slip-resistant footwear for
workers and ensure that floor coverings are in good condition.
Noise Medium Conduct regular noise assessments and ensure that workers
exposure are provided with appropriate hearing protection if necessary.
Implement engineering controls such as enclosing noisy
machinery, using mufflers, and installing soundproofing
materials. Provide training on the safe use of equipment and
the potential risks of noise exposure.
Biological High Implement proper hygiene procedures, including hand-
washing and decontaminating work surfaces. Provide
appropriate PPE such as gloves, gowns, and masks. Ensure
that workers are trained in the proper handling and disposal of
biological materials. Establish protocols for responding to
spills and accidents involving biological materials.