Engineering Practicum-Lecture01

ENGINEERING PRACTICUM
Harry Warden
School of Advanced Technologies, Engineering Science
Accra Institute of Technology
Accra, Ghana
[email protected]/[email protected]
H/P : 0243948467
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES
UNIT ASSOCIATED WITH BASIC ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES
SI UNITS (SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL UNITS)
 The SI Units was introduced in 1960 and adopted by majority of countries as
the official system of measurement.
 Derived SI units are combinations of the Basic SI units and there are
many of them.
 The basic SI units are listed with their symbols and are normally alphabets
beginning the basic units.
3
SI UNITS (SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL UNITS) CONT’D
BASIC SI UNITS DERIVED SI UNTS

Quantity Units Quantity Units
Length meter,m Velocity meter per second(m/s)
mass Kilogram,Kg 2
Acceleration meter per second squared(m/s )
time second,s
electric current ampere,A
thermodynamic temperature kelvin,K
luminous Intensity Candela,cd
amount of substance mole,mol
4
SI UNITS (SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL UNITS) CONT’D
Prefix Name Meaning

M mega multiply by 1000000 (i.e. x 106)
k kilo multiply by 1000 (i.e. x 103)
m milli divide by 1000 (i.e. x 103)
µ micro divide by 1000000 (i.e.x 106)
n nano divide by 1000000000 (i.e. x 109)
P pico divide by 1000000000000 (i.e. x 1012)
5
CHARGE
 The unit of charge is the coulomb ( C ) where one coulomb is one ampere second.
(1 coulomb = 6.24 x 1018 electrons).
 The coulomb is defined as the quantity of electricity which flows past a given point in
an electric circuit when a current of one ampere is maintained for one second.
 Quantity of electricity Q is given by;
𝑸 = 𝑰𝒕
Where , I = Current in amperes
t = time in seconds
6
FORCE
 The unit of force is the newton (N) where one newton is one kilogram
meter per second squared.
 The newton is defined as the force which, when applied to a mass of one
kilogram, gives it an acceleration of one meter per second squared.
F = 𝒎𝒂
Gravitational force/weight = 𝒎𝒈
Where , m = mass in kilograms
a = acceleration in meters per second squared
7
g = 9.81 𝑚Τ𝑠2
WORK
 The unit of work or energy is the joule (j) where one joule is one
newton meter.
 The joule is defined as the work done or energy transferred when a
force of one newton is exerted through a distance of one meter in the
direction of the force.
W = 𝑭𝒔
Where , F = Force in newtons
s = distance in meters
8
POWER
 The unit of power is the watt (W) where one watt is one joule per
second.
 Power is defined as the rate of doing work or transferring energy.
𝑾
𝒑=
𝒕
Where , W = Work done or energy transferred in joules

t = time in seconds
9
ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL & E.M.F
 The unit of electric potential is the volt (V) where one volt is one joule
per coulomb.
 One volt is defined as the difference in potential between two points in a
conductor which, when carrying a current of one ampere, dissipates a
power of one watt.
𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔 𝒋𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒔/𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 𝒋𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒋𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒔

𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔 = = = =
𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒔
10
RESISTANCE & CONDUCTANCE
 The unit of electric resistance is the ohm (Ω)where one ohm is one volt
per ampere.
 It is defined as the resistance between two points in a conductor when a
constant electric potential of one volt applied at the two points
produces a current flow of one ampere in the conductor.
𝒗 𝟏
𝑹= 𝑮=
𝑰 𝑹
 The reciprocal of resistance, R is called conductance, G and is
measured in siemens (S). 11
ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY
 Power, in watts 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼
 Electrical energy = Power × time
= 𝑉𝐼𝑡 Joules
 The unit for large amount of electrical energy is the kilowatt hour (kWh).
1kWh = 1000 watt hour
= 1000×3600 watt seconds or joules
= 3600,000 J
12
TRIAL QUESTIONS
1. What force is required to give amass of 40 kg an acceleration of 60m/s2?
2. Find the accelerating force when a car having a mass of 3.4 Mg increases its speed with
a constant acceleration of 6 m/s2.
3. A force of 80 N accelerates a mass at 10 m/s2. Determine the mass.
4. Determine the force acting downwards on a mass of 3000 g suspended on a string.
5. A force of 2 N moves an object 100 cm in the direction of the force. What amount of
work is done?
6. A force of 5.0 kN is required to lift a load. How much work is done if the load is lifted
through 1000 cm?
7. An electromagnet exerts a force of 6 N and moves a soft iron armature through a
distance of 3 cm in 20 ms. Find the power consumed.
13
TRIAL QUESTIONS
8. A mass of 1000 kg is raised to a height of 12m in 60 s. Find (a) the work done and
(b) the power developed.
9. What quantity of electricity is carried by 6.24×1021 electrons?
10. In what time would a current of 2 A transfer a charge of 60 C?
11. A current of 1.5 A flows for 2.5 minutes. What charge is transferred?
12. How long must a current of 0.2A flow so as to transfer a charge of 60 C?
13. Rewrite the following as indicated:
(a) 3000 nF= ......... pF
(b) 0.02 mF= .......... nF
(c) 5000 MHz= ......... GHz
(d) 47 M= ........ T
(e) 0.32 μA= ....... nA 14
REFERENCES
 Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology, John Bird, Sixth Edition.
15
END
THANK YOU
PLEASE, ANY QUESTION? 16

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ENGINEERING PRACTICUM

BASIC SI UNITS DERIVED SI UNTS

Prefix Name Meaning

Where , W = Work done or energy transferred in joules

𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔 𝒋𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒔/𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 𝒋𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒋𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒔

 Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology, John Bird, Sixth Edition.

PLEASE, ANY QUESTION? 16

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