SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS’ CAUSES AND EFFECTS TO
THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS
J’HAN PERL YLOIZAGERALLA BALLESTEROS
LYSSA ANTONETTE KWAN LIM
JOHANN CANONIGO GOMID
TONY ROSE MIOLE PADAL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
(STEM STRAND)
MAY 2022
SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS’ CAUSES AND EFFECTS TO
THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS
An
Undergraduate Research Proposal
Presented to
The Faculty of the Senior High School Department
Christ the King College de Maranding, Incorporation
Maranding, Lala, Lanao, del Norte, Philippines
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement for Senior High School Curriculum
by
J’HAN PERL YLOIZAGERALLA BALLESTEROS
LYSSA ANTONETTE KWAN LIM
JOHANN CANONIGO GOMID
TONY ROSE MIOLE PADAL
MAY 2022
ii
Christ the King College de Maranding
Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte 9211 PHILIPPINES
APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Senior High School Curriculum,
this undergraduate thesis proposal entitled “SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS’
CAUSES AND EFFECTS TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS” prepared and submitted by, J’HAN PERL
YLOIZA G. BALLESTEROS, LYSSA ANTONETTE K. LIM, TONY ROSE M.
PADAL, JOHANN C. GOMID has been examined and is recommended for
acceptance and approval for oral examinations.
SR. MA. HAZEL A. MEJORADA, MSOLTC, RGC
Adviser
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Senior High School
curriculum with a grade of ________.
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
MARIA ESPERANZA A. MACASAARTE, PhD.
Chairman
SR. MA. HAZEL A. MEJORADA, MSOLTC ,RGC JAY MAR R. PAJENTE MM-EM
Member Member
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the for the requirements for Practical
Research of Grade 11 Senior High School Curriculum.
MR. JAY MAR R. PAJENTE MM-EM
PRINCIPAL
iii
DEDICATION
This research study is the outcome of extensive effort and hard
work. First, we researchers would like to thank the Almighty God who has
endowed us with his kindness and blessings in our daily lives. He has provided
us with the knowledge, time, and guidance to achieve this study. We would also
like to thank our parents and guardians, who uplifted us to do everything with
passion and commitment, and to our comrades and instructors, who stepped in
to aid us out when we were having trouble with our work. This research would
not have been possible without their affection and support.
JPYGB
LYKL
TRMP
JCG
iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research becomes reality with the great support and assistance of
many individuals. The researchers would like to express their sincere gratitude to
each one of them.
To the Panel of Experts, To Dr. Maria Esperanza S. Macasarte, To Mr. Jaymar
R. Pajente, and SR. MA. Hazel A. Mejorada, the researchers, truly salute the
expertise surmount what seems to be an uphill task. Thank you for your
suggestion and encouragement, allowing us to get the necessary information we
need to make this study possible.
To our beloved parents; for their spiritual support as well as their financial
assistance. Without them, none of this would indeed be possible.
Our sense of gratitude to all of you for staying on our side in this journey of
achieving our dreams;and most of all, to almighty God, for the teaching, strength,
and perseverance that he had given up on us while conducting our study.
JPYGB
LYKL
TRMP
JCG
v
ABSTRACT
Title: SLEP DEPRIVATION: ITS’ CAUSES AND EFFECTS TO THE
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS
No. of pages -
Researchers - J’HAN PERL YLOIZA G. BALLESTEROS
LYSSA ANTONETTE K. LIM
TONY ROSE M.PADAL
JOHANN C. GOMID
Adviser - SR, MA. HAZEL A. MEJORADA, MSOLTC, RGC
School - Christ the King College de Maranding
Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte
Strand - STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering
And Mathematics)
Year Completed - 2022 - 2023
Type of Publication - Unpublished
Keywords -
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE TITLE PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
CHAPTER
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Schematic Diagram
Statement of the Problem
Hypotheses
Scope and Limitation
vii
Significance
Definition of Terms
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Related Literatures
Related Studies
Insights Learned of the Related Literature and Studies
Foreign Studies
3 RESEARCH METHODS
Research Design
Research Environment
Data Gathering Procedures
Research Instruments and Their Validity
Statistical Treatment
4 RESULT AND ANALYSIS
5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIOND AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
viii
A. Letter for the School President
B. Letter for the Executive Vice President
C. Letter for the Vice President for Research
Extension and Development
D. Letter for the Vice President for Academic Affairs
E. Letter for the School Principal
F. Letter for the Adviser
G. Letter for the Respondents
H. Survey Questionnaires
I. Landmarks
J. Documentations
CURRICULUM VITAE
ix
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURES TITLE PAGE
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Humans' well-being could be negatively afflicted for copious reasons, with sleep
deprivation being most prominent. Sleep is a requisite for human health;
sufficient sleep is indispensable for explicit functionality, requiring adults to have
a standard of eight hours of sleep per night. When an ample amount of sleep is
not regulated, sleep deprivation ensues. Deficient sleep frequently leads to
inadequate intellect, negatively affecting wellness and well-being. Sleep
deprivation affects diverse facets of intellectual and psychological functioning;
minor alterations in sleep span may result in learners' cognitive and behavior-ral
deficiencies. Sleep is paramount for learners' mental restoration they need to
have at least eight hours a night to fully obtain full cognitive function to sufficiently
do their academic studies. It impacts how knowledge is acquired, how they study,
and how they retain their memory. The occurrence of sleep deprivation is
pervasive among senior high school students as senior high school students
spend multiple restless nights. Due to overburdened academics, work duties, and
mental health concerns, they tend to "kill their sleep" by doing certain activities
and using substances to remain open-eyed. Lack of sleep can lead to
unproductivity and more significant distress in learners. Poor sleep could
substantially influence a person's physiological health, emotional well-being, and
academic performance over time. Therefore, this research strives to scrutinize
and determine how sleep deprivation affects learners' health and academic
performance.
According to the findings, sleep-deprived students tend to have a negative
attitude, weariness, fatigue, and lessened alertness and performance.
Dependence on electronics, anxiety, work responsibilities, and other medical
issues are all factors that contribute to sleep deprivation among students.
Furthermore, there are numerous alternatives for preventing sleep deprivation
among senior high school students. This study aims to provide an effective
strategy on how a student may sleep adequately and stay motivated in their
academic performance; sleep deprivation is an epidemic occurring in students
that can and must be addressed.
The primary purpose of this research is to help students be aware of Sleep
Deprivation. Sleep Deprivation is commonly experienced by students who were
affected by the pandemic. They were maybe aware of the impact and effect of
Sleep Deprivation on their health and class performance. As we go deeper into
this particular study, this becomes a tool to help students be aware and realize
what Sleep Deprivation is. Concerning the identified problem of Sleep
Deprivation, it is vital to comprehend a call for sufficient good sleep.
The primary objective of this research is to extend awareness in relation to sleep
deprivation amidst senior high school learners in Maranding Lala, Lanao Del
Norte. We'll question them, "according to what do they feel?" and “What do they
feel when they don't get adequate sleep?" The reason why this study is
indispensable and immensely helpful is that it is not only advantageous to senior
high learners and future researchers but also to the individuals who are impacted
by this situation. This study is noteworthy cause we want to raise attention to
sleep deprivation and look for prevention that can prevent this phenomenon from
occurring as sleep deprivation is a condition that is an epidemic among learners
and causes difficulty concentrating and cognitive problems that need to be
addressed.
Sleep deprivation is terrible for everyone's health, and it's incredibly awful for a
group of pupils (Senior high school students) in Christ the King College de
Maranding in Academic Year 2022. They have been badly affected because of
this circumstance. In this research, the researchers investigate different
references and explore in-depth information to have possible solutions to their
following problems. They will make an effort to have enough time to analyze and
observe well to find a solution and easy to collect data.
The researchers carried out this study to warn students about the dangers of
sleep deprivation. The researchers can demonstrate their capability to conduct
credible research because they quoted the most dependable sources they could
locate. The researchers solely utilize a well-grounded and factual basis and
gather more credible sources to demonstrate the importance of their research to
students. The resources and credible references obtained on the internet, which
they scrutinized thoroughly. They simplified it for the students to comprehend
because the researchers will offer you correct information. They are assured in
their knowledge to fulfill the study due to a mixture of their skills and abilities and
their unity among themselves, which will place them asunder from the others.
They can admit that they are credible and trustworthy adequately to manage this
study.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The following beliefs were grounded in this study to support the notions about
sleep deprivation: it causes consequences on the academic performance of
senior high school learners in the present lifetime: Current Concept in the
Neurophysiology Basis of Sleep by EB Ezenwanne (2011), Physiology of sleep
by Brinkman JE, Reddy V, Sharma S (2021), Sleep Deprivation by Julian Lim
and David F. Dinges (2007).
Essentially, sleep is the behavioral state. It is estimated that an individual
spends approximately one-third of his life in sleep. All animals' sleep is observed,
including reptiles, amphibians, fish, and birds. It is commonly regarded as a
natural state of bodily rest in humans. According to EB Ezenwanne in the Current
Concept in the Neurophysiology Basis of Sleep.
According to Physiology of Sleep, the restorative theory state that sleep allows
the body to repair complete cellular components necessary for biological
functions that become lessen throughout an awake day. Brain plasticity is that
rest is essential for neural reorganization and growth of the brain's structure and
function. It is clear that sleep plays a role in developing the brain in infants and
children and explains why infants must sleep upwards of 14 hours per day.
Sleep deprivation is the restriction of sleep below the level of basal need; this can
be acute or chronic. According to Julian Lim and David F. Dinges, the effects of
sleep deprivation on human beings fall into two main categories: objective and
subjective.
According to Roger Ratcliff and Hans P. A. Van Dongen's article, sleep
deprivation is a manipulation that allows arousal levels to be changed to a
greater extent than seen in the experimental treatments commonly utilized in
cognitive research. Because the effects of acute sleep loss on cognition are
reversible, sleep deprivation provides a novel way to study cognition's
fundamental mechanisms. In contrast, well-chosen cognitive processing tests
can provide new information on the effects of sleep deprivation on the brain.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
As we faced pandemic, our lives had utterly changed. Students are in a new
normal situation where they face gadgets to learn instead of listening to their
perspective teacher without facing their phones or laptops. Hence, they can’t
utterly comprehend and might feel pressure. It drives them to do their tasks
eager and without proper time management. There are also productive tasks in
their household that they should do, depriving their time and sleep. Since this
situation is new for them, students are certainly still children, and it’s unhealthy
for them to have an insufficient sleep at a young age. It’s a struggle for them to
cope-up, which would negatively impact their academic performances.
The Figure A as a schematic diagram shows the illustration of the interplay of the
dependent and independent variables, as well as the output of the study. The
independent variables show the profile of the respondents: Which obtain the age,
gender, grade level and economic status of the respondents. Moreover, in the
following column, we have the dependent variable, mainly focusing on senior
high school students’ academic performance. And lastly, the output of the study,
which we intend to employ in health awareness programs to educate and give
awareness to both students who have experienced sleep deprivation and those
who have not.
Independent Variables Dependent Variables Output
1. Demographic Profile
of Respondents
1.1. Age
1.2. Gender
1.3. Year Level
1.4. Parents’
occupation
Senior High School Awareness
2. Causes of Sleep
learners’ Academic Program
Deprivation
Performance (GPA)
2.1. Exposure of
gadgets
2.2. Mental health
issues
2.3. Work obligations
3. Effects of Sleep
Deprivation
3.1. Psychological
risk
3.2. Psychological
health
3.3. Social
interaction
Figure 1: The Schematic Paradigm
x
Statement of the problem
This study aims to ascertain the cognizance and identify the impact of
sleep deprivation on the academic performance of Senior High School Students.
Primarily, this aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;
1.1. age;
1.2. gender;
1.3. year level; and
1.4. Parents’ occupation?
2. What are the causes of sleep deprivation in terms of;
2.1. Exposure to gadgets;
2.2. Mental health issues; and
2.3. Work obligations?
3. What are the effects of sleep deprivation in terms of:
3.1. Psychological risk;
3.2. Psychological health; and
3.3. Social interaction?
4. What is Senior High School learners’ academic performance?
5. Is there a significant relationship between the demographic profiles of the
respondents to the Senior High School learners Academic Performance?
6. Is there a significant relationship between the causes of sleep deprivations to
the Senior High School learners Academic Performance?
7. Is there a significant relationship between the effects of sleep deprivation to
the Senior High School learners?000
8. What possible awareness program will be drawn out based on the results of
the study?
Hypotheses:
Hypotheses in null forms will be formulated and imperially evaluated significantly.
Ho1. There is no significant relationship between the profiles of the respondents
to Sleep Deprivation.
Ho2. There is no meaningful relationship between Sleep Deprivation its’ causes
and effects on the academic performance of Senior high school learners.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The researchers will analyze the cause and effect of sleep deprivation in
students who are sleep deprived. This study will focus on its impact on the
academic performance of senior high school students. The study will be
conducted in, Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte at Christ The King College de
Maranding in Senior High School Department. The researchers will use random
sampling and google form on their survey. This study starts in the 2nd semester
of the school year 2022-2023 so that there is enough time for the researchers to
observe and analyze well.
SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
The information from this study will have such a great value to the students. It will
provide information on how sleep deprivation could affect their academic
performance. The study of the cause and effect of sleep deprivation could help
the students improve their academic performance and mental health.
This study is beneficial to the following:
Students. This research helps the students to gain a better understanding of
how to avoid sleep deprivation and help them improve themselves, which can
enhance their academic performance.
School and Administrators. This study will raise awareness to all the teachers
that communication with their students is necessary. Hence, teachers will
understand the situation of their students.
Parents. This study will help them be conscious about what they should do to
help their children who are students for their betterment and excellence regarding
academic performance.
Future researchers. This study serves as a reference and a big help to future
researchers studying sleep deprivation. It will be their guide on their future
studies.
Definition of Terms
Deprivation. This study relates to the inability to refuse anything deemed
necessary.
Sleep. This study relates to a bodily and mental state where the nervous system is
generally inert and occurs for many hours every night.
Academic Achievement. This study relates to assessing pupils' performance in
various academic subjects.
Academic. This study relates to has something to do with education and
scholarship.
Performance. This study relates to a play, concert, or another type of staged or
presented entertainment.
Students. This study relates to a student enrolled in a school or college.
Health. This study relates to the absence of disease or disability but a condition of
total bodily, mental, and social well-being.
