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The Human Ears Notes

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18 views3 pages

The Human Ears Notes

Uploaded by

jaypee pollo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE HUMAN EARS

Audition

Stimulus:

Sound waves

 Sounds are forms of energy activated when


objects vibrate

Compression wave

 the crowding motion that moves farther and


farther out from the vibrating object

Rarefaction wave

 the rarefied air moving away and away from the


vibrating bodies (reduction of density)
 1 compression + 1 rarefaction= sound wave
The Middle ear
 sound travels faster in a warm medium than
in a cool one  the eardrum vibrates and transmits sound waves
 travels faster through liquid than through air to the 3 small bones (ossicles)
or other gas
 much faster through solids than through  hammer (malleus)
liquids  anvil (incus)
 stirrups (stapes)
 attached to the oval windows

Internal (inner) ear

 Includes sense organs for hearing and balance


 Bony labyrinth (osseous labyrinth) consists of:

 Cochlea
 Vestibule
 Semicircular canals
- Bony labyrinth is filled with perilymph
- Membranous labyrinth is suspended in
The Process of Hearing perilymph and contains endolymph

Outer ear

 Pinna or concha is the external protruding ear


part that assembles the sound vibrations to the
auditorycanal to tymphanic membrane
Anatomy of the maculae

 Hair cells are embedded in the otolithic


membrane
 Otoliths (tiny stones) float in a gel around hair
cells
 Movements cause otoliths to roll and bend hair
cells

Equilibrium
 Equilibrium receptors of the inner ear are called the
vestibular apparatus
 Vestibular apparatus has two functional parts

 Static equilibrium
 Dynamic equilibrium

Dynamic Equilibrium
 Interprets balance when one is moving, or at least
the head is moving

Crista ampullaris
Static Equilibrium
 Responds to angular or rotational movements of
Maculae—receptors in the vestibule the head
 Located in the ampulla of each semicircular canal
 Report on the position of the head  Tuft of hair cells covered with cupula (gelatinous
 Help us keep our head erect cap)
 Send information via the vestibular nerve (division
of cranial nerve VIII) to the cerebellum of the
brain

 If the head moves, the cupula drags against the


endolymph
 Hair cells are stimulated, and the impulse travels
the vestibular nerve to the cerebellum

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