R.E.M. Internship Report

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ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

HITESH DATTATRAY SONAR

210230109510

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

DR. S. & S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING


COLLEGE, SURAT

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD

[JULY-AUGUST (2023)]

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

PATIL ANUBHAV YUVRAJ

200230109041

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

DR. S. & S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING


COLLEGE, SURAT

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD

[JULY-AUGUST (2023)]

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

BHADANE HARSH VIJAY

200230109027

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

DR. S. & S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING


COLLEGE, SURAT

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD

[JULY-AUGUST (2023)]

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

PATEL RITIK KIRAN

200230109060

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

DR. S. & S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING


COLLEGE, SURAT

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD

[JULY-AUGUST (2023)]

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


DR. S. & S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERINGCOLLEGE, SURAT
Near Vanita Vishram Swimming Pool, Majura Gate, Ring
Road, Surat 395001

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report submitted along with the entitled
ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL has been carried out by
HITESH DATTATRAY SONAR under my guidance in partial
fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical
Engineering, 7th Semester of Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmadabad during the academic year 2022-23.

PROF. T.G. NAIK PROF.N.A. GAJJAR


INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


DR. S. & S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERINGCOLLEGE, SURAT
Near Vanita Vishram Swimming Pool, Majura Gate, Ring
Road, Surat 395001

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report submitted along with the entitled
ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL has been carried out by PATIL
ANUBHAV YUVRAJ under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the
degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Engineering, 7th
Semester of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad during the
academic year 2022-23.

PROF. T.G. NAIK PROF.N.A. GAJJAR


INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


DR. S. & S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERINGCOLLEGE, SURAT
Near Vanita Vishram Swimming Pool, Majura Gate, Ring
Road, Surat 395001

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report submitted along with the entitled
ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL has been carried out by
BHADANE HARSH VIJAY under my guidance in partial fulfillment
for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Engineering, 7th
Semester of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad during the
academic year 2022-23.

PROF. T.G. NAIK PROF.N.A. GAJJAR


INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


DR. S. & S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERINGCOLLEGE, SURAT
Near Vanita Vishram Swimming Pool, Majura Gate, Ring
Road, Surat 395001

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report submitted along with the entitled
ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL has been carried out by PATEL
RITIK KIRAN under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the degree
of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Engineering, 7th Semester of
Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad during the academic
year 2022-23.

PROF. T.G. NAIK PROF.N.A. GAJJAR


INTERNAL GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


DR. S. & S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERING COLLEGE,SURAT

Near Vanita Vishram Swimming Pool, Majura Gate, Ring


Road, Surat 395001

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Internship / Project report submitted along


with the Internship entitled ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL
submitted in partial fulfillment for the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering
in Electrical Engineering to Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmedabad, is a bonafide record of original project work carried out by
me at R.E.M. ELCTROMACH PVT. LTD. under the supervision of
Mr. Samir Desai Sir and Prof. T.G. Naik Sir and that no part of this
report has been directly copied from any student’s report or taken from
any other source, without providing due reference.

NAME OF THE STUDENT SIGN OF STUDENT

HITESH SONAR

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


DR. S. & S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERING COLLEGE,SURAT

Near Vanita Vishram Swimming Pool, Majura Gate, Ring


Road, Surat 395001

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Internship / Project report submitted along


with the Internship entitled ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL
submitted in partial fulfillment for the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering
in Electrical Engineering to Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmedabad, is a bonafide record of original project work carried out by
me at R.E.M. ELCTROMACH PVT. LTD. under the supervision of
Mr. Samir Desai Sir and Prof. T.G. Naik Sir and that no part of this
report has been directly copied from any student’s report or taken from
any other source, without providing due reference.

NAME OF THE STUDENT SIGN OF STUDENT

ANUBHAV PATIL

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


DR. S. & S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERING COLLEGE,SURAT

Near Vanita Vishram Swimming Pool, Majura Gate, Ring


Road, Surat 395001

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Internship / Project report submitted along


with the Internship entitled ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL
submitted in partial fulfillment for the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering
in Electrical Engineering to Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmedabad, is a bonafide record of original project work carried out by
me at R.E.M. ELCTROMACH PVT. LTD. under the supervision of
Mr. Samir Desai Sir and Prof. T.G. Naik Sir and that no part of this
report has been directly copied from any student’s report or taken from
any other source, without providing due reference.

NAME OF THE STUDENT SIGN OF STUDENT

HARSH BHADANE

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


DR. S. & S. S. GHANDHY GOVERNMENT
ENGINEERING COLLEGE,SURAT

Near Vanita Vishram Swimming Pool, Majura Gate, Ring


Road, Surat 395001

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Internship / Project report submitted along


with the Internship entitled ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL
submitted in partial fulfillment for the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering
in Electrical Engineering to Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmedabad, is a bonafide record of original project work carried out by
me at R.E.M. ELCTROMACH PVT. LTD. under the supervision of
Mr. Samir Desai Sir and Prof. T.G. Naik Sir and that no part of this
report has been directly copied from any student’s report or taken from
any other source, without providing due reference.

NAME OF THE STUDENT SIGN OF STUDENT

RITIK PATEL

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


Acknowledgment

The Internship opportunity I had with R.E.M. ELECTROMACH PVT. LTD., Surat,
Gujarat, India was a great chance for learning and professional development. I am
extremely grateful for the opportunity to participate in this internship. It has been a
valuable learning experience, and I appreciate the guidance and support provided by the
professionals. This internship has strengthened my understanding of the field and has been
a stepping stone for my personal and professional growth. I express my deepest thanks to
MR. SAMIR P. DESAI Sir (Technical Director) for guiding us throughout our
internship. I choose this moment to acknowledge his contribution gratefully. I would also
like to express my gratitude to my college Mentor Prof. T.G. NAIK Sir for their support
during 2 weeks of the Internship.

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


Abstract

This report will give a brief explanation of the organizational structure of


REM ELECTROMACH PVT. LTD. and the way they work. The report will

give information about the devices and machines that are used in panels
installed in this company.

I would like to express my great appreciation to Mr. Samir Desai (Technical


Director) of REM ELECTROMACH PVT. LTD. I would like to offer my special
thanks to Mr. Neel Patel for guiding us throughout our internship period. Next,
I would like to thank Mr. Mahesh Goyal and Mr. Jay Desai. Lastly, I would like
to thank our College guide T.G Naik sir for guiding us throughout our
internship.
The aim and motivation of this industrial training is to receive discipline,
skills, teamwork, and technical knowledge through a proper training
environment, which will help us, as a student in the field of Electrical
Engineering, to develop responsiveness to the self-disciplinary nature of
problems in Machineries and Power Systems.

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


Abbreviation

P.L.C. Programmable Logic Controller


H.M.I. Human-Machine Interface
P.D.B. Power Distribution Board
A.C.B. Air Circuit Breaker
M.C.C. Motor Control Center
V.F.D. Variable Frequency Drive
D.O.L. Direct On Load
M.C.C.B. Moulded Case Circuit Breaker
V.A.F. Voltage-Ampere-Frequency
M.P.C.B. Motor Protection Circuit Breaker
M.C.B. Miniature Circuit Breaker

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INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………...

2. WHAT IS ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL

AND TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL….

3. M.C.C. PANEL WITH POWER FACTOR

CORRECTION………………………………....

4. SECTIONS OF M.C.C. PANEL………………………….

5. COMPONENTS AND THEIR WORKING IN


SECTIONS OF M.C.C. PANEL….....................................

6. BENEFITS OF M.C.C. PANEL………………………….

7. LEARNING OUTCOMES ……………………….……...

8. EXPERIENCE……………………………………………

9. CONCLUSION…………………………………………...

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


1. Introduction

An electrical control panel is an enclosure, typically a metal box or plastic


molding which contains important electrical components that control and
monitor a number of mechanical processes. They are energized systems that
require maintenance, with planned preventative maintenance and condition-
based monitoring being the most effective methods. Electrical personnel will
need to gain access to control panels for fault finding, adjustments, and
electrical safety testing. Operators will interact with the controls of the panel
to operate and control the plant and process. Components within the control
panel will facilitate many tasks, for example, they may monitor pressure or
flow within a pipe and signal to open or close a valve. They are commonplace
and integral to most industries. Problems with them, including neglect, can
cause havoc to any business operation and endanger employees. This makes
the safe operation of panels a desirable skill for both electrical and non-
electrical workers.

The control panel should provide at-a-glance information to allow the operator
to carry out his work. Voltage and frequency displays should be digital and
preferably to no more than two decimal places for fast reading. If the generator
nominal voltage is more than 1 kV, the display should also be in kilovolts,
again for fast reading. Although this means that the operator only sees changes
in steps of 10 V, this is better than seeing in an equivalent analog panel meter
and is compatible with the accuracy of the transducer. Real and reactive power
meters should preferably be analog, as they are used mainly for balancing
loads between machines, and the pointer ‘semaphore’ effect is more quickly
appreciated by the operator. A power factor meter should be provided of either
digital or analog type.

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1.1. Electrical control panel components

Some of the components of an electrical control panel include:

1. Enclosures
2. Incoming Protection and Switching
3. Power and Energy Monitoring and Control
4. Power Distribution Systems
5. Circuit and Load Protection
6. Thermal Management
7. Motion and Drives
8. Safety systems
9. Programmers, timers, and variable frequency drives
10. Power Supplies and Transformers
11. Power factor correction, surge protection, and uninterruptable power
supplies
12. Relays and contactors

1.2. What is the life expectancy of an electrical panel


Many people think that the electrical panel will last as long as the house does;
that’s not always so. Connections can loosen, and operating near or over
capacity can shorten the electrical panel’s lifespan. In humid locations, your
electrical panel can suffer from corrosion. Dust can shorten the lifespan as
well if it gets into the switches and wiring.

Electrical panels have a lifespan of about 20-30 years. Some may last even
longer, up to 50 years, if they get regular maintenance. However, you may
need to upgrade your panel well before it dies if your home’s electrical needs
change. For instance, if you’re adding a hot tub, pool, or another high-energy
installation. DIY tinkering can also reduce the lifespan of an electrical panel.
If someone other than a licensed electrician makes changes to the panel, it
could cause problems over time. Always get the requisite permits and hire a
qualified electrician to do work on your electrical panel and installation to
minimize abnormalities.

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


2. What is the Electrical Control Panel

Electrical control panels contain and protect the electrical devices and other
equipment needed to operate industrial equipment within an enclosed
structure. Panels help provide order and organization of necessary devices and
centralize the location from which industrial machinery or processes can be
controlled and adjusted.

The panel structure itself can be an explosion-proof, contamination-proof,


and/or waterproof enclosure that is rated for either indoor or outdoor use. The
devices and their arrangement within the panel will depend upon the
application.

Usually, there is a main circuit breaker, surge protectors, transformers and


terminal blocks for distribution and control of the electricity coming into the
machine. Electrical control panels can be customized to include anything from
a simple relay system to more complex industrial controls, depending upon
the exact needs of the application, which provides flexibility and permits
control of a variety of industrial equipment. If the electrical panel is to be used
to control automated equipment or processes, there are likely programmable
logic controllers (PLCs), contactors, network switches and interfaces, relays,
human-machine interfaces, push buttons/pilot lights, and other devices.

2.1. Types of Electrical Control Panel?

2.1.1. Synchronizing Panel


2.1.2. P.D.B. Panel (Power Distribution Board)
2.1.3. A.C.B. Panel (Air Circuit Breaker Panel)
2.1.4. M.C.C. Panel (Motor Control Center Panel)
2.1.5. V.F.D. Panel (Variable Frequency Drive)
2.1.6. Change Over Panel

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2.1.1 Synchronizing Panel

Synchronising panel the name itself describes its role once you link with
power Source. This means matching and adjusting with two or more power
magnitude levels. The demand for synchronizing panels comes into action
when power continuity is at a priority level. In conclusion, Synchronizing
panels is the most important part for critical production industries in LT
Panels. Accu-panels have proper guidelines and specification selection for
correct synchronization with grid and dg or PV-DG synchronization. By
proper Setting of Synchronizing relay and set up of all related data like the
voltage, ampere, frequency, power factor, etc. It can synch DG set load sharing
with main power to reduce power consumption from the utility supply.

2.1.2 P.D.B. Panel (Power Distribution Board)

Power Distribution Board (P.D.B. Panel) is a component of an electrical


system that Distributes electrical power into a subsidiary circuit by a circuit
breaker and switch fuse unit. The Power Distribution Board also is known as
the power distribution board panel of the electrical panel. In addition,
equipped complete with all types of the required number of air circuit
breakers, switch fuse units, contactors, protective relays, fuses, meters,
indicating lamps, and push buttons.

A distribution board is necessary for the electrical supply in any commercial


or residential building. These boards also provide stability to the overall
system by having neural links, earth leakage unit and interconnecting wires
that help in distributing the electricity uniformly. This can, in turn, help
prevent short circuits and other safety hazards.

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2.1.3 A.C.B. Panel (Air Circuit Breaker Panel)

An Air Circuit breaker (ACB) is an electrical switching device used to protect


electrical circuits from overcurrent, under-voltage, and short circuits. These
devices are generally used in low voltage applications and operate in the air
as an arc extinguishing medium considering the atmospheric pressure. ACBs
have a large capacity and a steel frame with parts installed inside.

2.1.4 M.C.C. Panel (Motor Control Center)

The Motor Control Center Panels (MCC Panels) are used in large industrial
and commercial applications to control motors from a central location. The
motor control centers are a combination of multiple enclosed sections having
common busbars and each section contains power contactors, protective
relays, isolators, and other control and indication devices. The MCC is also
fitted with VFDs, PLCs, metering, etc. as required

2.1.5 V.F.D. Panel (Variable Frequency Drive)


Variable frequency drive control panel (also named VFD panel, AC drive
electrical control panel) has consisted of an inner VFD inside the cabinet with
external control, protection, display, and other electrical, it's a frequency
conversion device to control three-phase AC motor (including fans and
pumps) in variable speed to save energy.

Variable speed drive is a dedicated component of the electrical control panel,


the panel's frequency convention and main features are depending on the inner
VFD and other components’ configuration. VFD panels are different
according to their different functions and applications, generally, it needs

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customized manufacture based on specified running environment, like in
constant water supply panels (one-panel control 1, 2, 3 pumps, etc.), escalators
control panels, central air condition circulating pump panels, and fan's control
panels.

2.1.6 Change Over Panel

A.T.S. (Auto Change over panel) using for control generator set start-stop
sequence in with the availability of electrical power system. When power fails
in residential buildings and hospitals emergency generator is critical things.
AMF works as an automatic transfer switch in a standby power system.

They work by stopping the backup generator from becoming a source of


electrical power until starts on for temporary power. When the generator is
ready to perform, the switches the emergency power to the load. The ATS then
commands the generator to shut down when the utility power is restored.

A unique method of meeting fire safety Building Regulations. our Dual Mains
Automatic Changeover Panel has been specifically formulated for buildings
with duplicate power supplies. The Changeover automatically switches mains
electricity from one supply to another. in the event of a fire or mains power
failure, to ensure continuous of supply to firefighting lifts.

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3 M.C.C. PANEL WITH POWER FACTOR
CORRECTION

 Definition:- A motor control center (MCC) is an assembly to control


some or all electric motors in a central location. It consists of multiple
enclosed sections having a common power bus with each section
containing a combination starter, which in turn consists of a motor
starter, fuses or circuit breaker, and power disconnect.

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4 SECTIONS IN M.C.C. PANEL
 M.C.C. Panel is divided into 8 main sections.
4.1 APFC SECTION (1F1)
4.2 CONTROLLING AND METERING (2F1)
4.3 CONTROL TRANSFORMER WITH M.C.C.B. (4F1)
4.4 D.O.L. STARTER (3F1)
4.5 D.O.L. STARTER (2R1)
4.6 D.O.L. STARTER (3R1)
4.7 STAR DELTA STARTER (4R1)
4.8 CAPACITOR BANK SECTION (CONNECTED WITH
A.P.F.C. SECTION) (1R1)

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5. COMPONENTS AND THEIR WORKING
IN SECTIONS OF M.C.C. PANEL
5.1. A.P.F.C. SECTION (1F1)
 A.P.F.C.R. (A.P.F.C. Relay / Microcontroller of 8 Channel) Voltage
230V AC
 C.T. Input 5A (Selectable)
 V.A.F. + P.F. meter / digital panel meter R.Y.B. display Input (50-520
V ac) 40-70 Hz
 M.C.B. (5/32/63) A

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5.2. CONTROLLING AND METERING (2F1)

 Ammeter (0-600A) with selector switch


 KWH Meter (energy meter)
 Voltmeter (0-500V) with selector switch
 M.C.C.B. (630 A)

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5. 3. CONTROL TRANSFORMER WITH M.C.C.B.
(4F1)
 Two Pole M.C.B.
 M.C.C.B.
 KWH Energy Meter

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5.(4,5,6). D.O.L. STARTER (3F1,2R1,3R1)
 Single Pole Control M.C.B. with Neutral Link (6 A)
 Power Contactor with Add-on Block
 Auxiliary contactor
 M.P.C.B. (Motor Protection Circuit Breaker)

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GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT
5.7. STAR DELTA STARTER (4R1)
 Power Contactor
 Star Contactor
 Delta Contactor
 Auxiliary Contactor
 Single Pole M.C.B. (Miniature Circuit Breaker)
 C.T. (Current Transformer)
 Timer

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5.8. CAPACITOR BANK SECTION (CONNECTED WITH
A.P.F.C. SECTION) (1R1)
 2 (5 KVAR) Oil Filled Heavy Duty Bottle Type Power Capacitor
 1/5 (15/25 KVAR) Dry Heavy Duty Bottle Type Power

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SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

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WORKING

M.P.C.B.

Under normal conditions, it does not trip the circuit. The working principle:

Overload tripping

As you know, each conductor has some resistance. So as the current passes
through that conductor causes power loss in terms of heat. The heat produced
in the conductor is directly proportional to the value of the current.

Hence the bimetallic strip is designed to bend the particular value of the
current. Under normal conduction, the strip releases a small amount of heat
and it bends slightly. During the high current, the strip bends higher and
touches the tripping mechanism.

Short circuit

The short circuit fault will be cleared by the magnetic trip. Some advance
M.P.C.B. comes with the individual current transformer and the primary will
be connected in series with the main.

The C.T. reads the exact current flow and under short circuit fault conditions,
the C.T. reads higher current. It sends the tripping signal to the tripping coil
and the coil pulls the plunger associated with the tripping mechanism.

M.C.C.B.

An MCCB protects a circuit from fault currents. It uses thermal and magnetic
mechanisms to break those fault currents. The thermal mechanism is used for
overload protection while the magnetic mechanism is used for short-circuit
protection.

Overload Protection

Overload occurs when the current exceeds a limit for a prolonged duration.
MCCB has a thermal mechanism that contains a bimetallic contact to protect
from overload. A bimetallic strip is made from two different types of metal

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having different rates of thermal expansion.

CURRENT TRANSFORMER (C.T.)

A Current Transformer (CT) is an essential component in electrical control


panels used for measuring and protecting high-current circuits. Here's how it
works:

Step-Down Principle

The primary winding of the CT is connected in series with the main current-
carrying conductor, through which the actual high current flows.

Magnetic Induction: When the primary conductor carries current, it generates


a magnetic field around it according to Ampere's law. The CT's core, usually
made of high-permeability material like iron, is placed around the primary
conductor, allowing the magnetic flux to link with the core.

Secondary Winding

The core induces a proportional voltage in the secondary winding, which has
far fewer turns compared to the primary winding. The number of secondary
winding turns determines the CT's turns ratio, which defines how much the
current is stepped down. Typical ratios are 100:5 or 1000:5, where the
secondary current is 1/20th or 1/200th of the primary current, respectively.

Measuring and Protection Devices

The secondary current is connected to measuring devices like ammeters or


energy meters, allowing users to monitor the current in the main circuit
without directly connecting to the high-current circuit. Additionally, the
secondary output can be connected to protection devices such as relays, which
are used to trip circuit breakers in case of overcurrent conditions or faults.

EARTH FAULT MODULE

An Earth Fault Module in an electrical control panel is designed to detect and


respond to earth faults or ground faults that may occur in the electrical system.
Here is how it works:

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Sensing:

The Earth Fault Module continuously monitors the currents flowing through
the phase conductors and the neutral conductor in the electrical panel. It
compares the currents and looks for any imbalance between them.

Imbalance Detection

In a balanced electrical system, the currents in the phase conductors and the
neutral conductor should be equal, resulting in a net current of zero. However,
in the presence of an earth fault, some current may flow to the ground through
the unintended ground path, causing an imbalance.

Signal Processing

The Earth Fault Module processes the currents' signals using sensitive
electronics to detect even slight imbalances. When it detects an imbalance
exceeding a pre-defined threshold, it considers it as an indication of an earth
fault occurrence.

Alarm or Trip Action

Once the Earth Fault Module identifies an earth fault, it activates an alarm to
notify the operators or maintenance personnel about the fault's presence. In
some cases, it can also send signals to trigger protective actions, such as
tripping the circuit breaker associated with the faulty circuit, isolating the
faulty section from the rest of the system, or initiating an automatic shutdown
to prevent further damage.

By promptly detecting earth faults, the Earth Fault Module helps improve
safety by minimizing the risk of electrical shock hazards and reducing the
chances of equipment damage or fires caused by ground faults.

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6. BENEFITS OF M.C.C. PANEL

M.C.C. (Motor Control Center) Electrical Panels offer several benefits for
electrical distribution and motor control applications. Some of the key
advantages include:

1. Centralized Control

M.C.C. panels provide a centralized location for controlling and monitoring


multiple motors and electrical loads. This simplifies the management of the
entire motor control system, making it easier to operate and maintain.

2. Space Efficiency

M.C.C. panels are designed with compact arrangements of motor starters,


circuit breakers, and control devices, saving valuable floor space in industrial
settings.

3. Enhanced Safety

They incorporate various protective features like overload protection, short


circuit protection, and earth fault protection to ensure the safety of motors and
connected equipment.

4. Reduced Downtime

Quick access to motor starters and circuit breakers allows for faster
troubleshooting and maintenance, leading to reduced downtime in case of
faults or issues.

5. Modularity

M.C.C. panels are often built in a modular fashion, allowing for easy
expansion and modification when additional motors or loads need to be
integrated into the system.

6. Cable Management

The panels include organized cable routing and termination points, ensuring
neat and efficient cable management, which simplifies troubleshooting and
minimizes the risk of cable damage.

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


7. Remote Monitoring and Control

Many modern M.C.C. panels are equipped with advanced communication


capabilities, enabling remote monitoring and control of motors and loads,
which improves system visibility and flexibility.

8. Energy Efficiency

M.C.C. panels may incorporate energy-saving features like variable frequency


drives (V.F.D.’s) that optimize motor speed and power consumption, resulting
in reduced energy costs.

9. Compliance and Standards

These panels are designed and manufactured to comply with relevant industry
standards and regulations, ensuring their reliability and safety.

10. Cost Savings

Overall, M.C.C. panels provide a cost-effective solution for motor control and
distribution, as they centralize control, reduce maintenance time, and enhance
system efficiency.

These benefits make M.C.C. Electrical Panels a preferred choice for industries
and commercial facilities where multiple motors need to be controlled
efficiently and reliably.

7. LEARNING OUTCOME

 Learned about the Mounting of the Electrical Control Panel


 Learned about the Components of the Control Panel
 Handling of Clamp-On Meter, Megger, Source Meter, and Digital
Meter
 Learned about Basics of P.L.C. and S.C.A.D.A.
 Analysis of Control Diagram (Single Line Diagram)
 Basics of Power Wiring and Control Wiring

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT


8. EXPERIENCE

We undertook a two-week Internship at REM ELECTROMACH PVT.


LTD., Surat. This Internship has been an excellent and rewarding
experience. We learned many things and improved our knowledge about
Electrical Control Panels. Over those two weeks, We developed
mentorship with our respected Mentors Mr. Samir P. Desai (Technical
Director) and Prof. T.G. Naik. It was a memorable experience in my
summer Internship. We gained a new sense of professionalism and a
clearer view of what it meant to be in the professional world. This two-
week internship has bridged the gap between theoretical and practical
knowledge. There is much to gain from it on both a professional and
personal level.

9. CONCLUSION

Concluding an internship in the panel industry is a valuable


experience that has provided me with practical insights into
various aspects of the industry. From hands-on work with
different types of panels to observing the production and quality
control processes, I've gained a deeper understanding of how
panels are manufactured and utilized in different applications.
Additionally, collaborating with the team and learning from their
expertise has been a rewarding aspect of this internship. Overall,
this experience has equipped me with industry-specific
knowledge and skills that will undoubtedly contribute to my
future endeavors in the field. Also we have concluded that
Electrical Control Panel have a wide range of application in
industrial and domestic sectors. So, knowledge of electrical panel
is utmost important for an engineer. Also, knowledge of
measuring and testing methods is important.

THANK YOU

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY G.E.C. SURAT

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