`LIGHT EXERCISE

1 The diagram shows a ray of light moving from air to glass.

What is the refractive index of glass?

A sin a/sin c B sin b/sin c C sin a/sin d D sin b/sin d

2 The diagram shows a light ray entering water.

What is the refractive index of water?

A 0.76 B 0.70 C 1.30 D 1.50

3 The diagram shows a ray of light incident on a transparent glass block of refractive index
1.6.
The diagram is not drawn to scale.

What is the angle of incidence of the ray?

A 25° B 40° C 43° D 65°

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4 Which diagram shows the correct path of a light ray moving from an optically less dense
medium to optically more dense medium?

5 The diagram shows the path of a ray of light through a semi-circular glass block.

What is angle X?

A angle of refraction B angle of reflection

C critical angle D right angle

6 The diagram shows a ray of light passing through a semi-circular glass block.

Which letter represents the critical angle?

A P B Q C R D S

7 Which of the following correctly describes the image formed by a camera lens?

A inverted, real B inverted, virtual

C upright, real D upright, virtual

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8 A thin ray of light is shone towards a semi-circular glass block which have a critical angle
of 42°.
Which diagram shows the correct path that is followed by the ray?
The angles are not drawn to scale.

9 Which diagram shows total internal reflection?

10 The diagram shows a light ray undergoing total internal reflection in an optical fibre.

Which statement about angle of incidence i is correct?

A it is equal to the critical angle

B it is greater than the angle of reflection
C it is greater than the critical angle
D it is smaller than the critical angle

11 Which diagram shows an incorrect path of a ray through a thin convex lens?

12 What are the properties of an image formed by a magnifying glass?

A real and enlarged

B real and inverted
C virtual and inverted
D virtual and enlarged

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13 There are three rays that are used to locate the position of the real image formed by a
convex lens.

Which diagram shows one of the rays?

14 The diagram shows how an image I of an object O is formed by a convex lens.

What is the focal length of the lens?

A 5 cm B 15 cm C 20 cm D 60 cm

15 The diagram shows an object in front of a convex lens placed at twice the focal length of
the lens?

What are the characteristics of the image formed?

A real and larger than the object
B real and same size as the object
C virtual and same size as the object
D virtual and smaller than the object

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16 The diagram shows two light rays passing through a convex lens.

What are the characteristics of the image seen by the observer?

A diminished and virtual B enlarged and real
C enlarged and upright D virtual and inverted
17 The diagram shows a converging lens with the image of an object at a position beyond
twice the focal length.

What is the position of the object?

A between F and the lens B between F and 2F
C beyond 2F D at 2F
18 Which diagram shows the path of a light ray, which is not correctly drawn?

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19 Fig. 19.1 shows a ray of light entering a parallel sided glass block.

Fig. 19.1

(a) Complete the path of the ray in Fig. 19.1 [3]

(b) (i) State the value of the angle of incidence of the ray on the block.
angle of incidence = ……………………………. [1]
(ii) Calculate the value of the angle of refraction, r. (the refractive index, n =1.5).

r = ……………………………. [2]
(c) Fig.19.2 shows a light ray entering a semi-circular glass block of refractive index 1.5.

Fig.19.2
(i) Explain why the ray does not bend when it enters the glass block.
…………………………………………………………………………..…………. [1]
(ii) Calculate the critical angle of the glass block.

critical angle = ……………………………. [2]

(iii) Describe how the ray will proceed when it reaches side AB?

…………………………………………………………………………..…………. [1]

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20 Fig. 20.1 shows a ray of light moving from air into a parallel sided glass block.

Fig. 20.1
(a) Complete the path of the ray in Fig. 20.1 until it leaves the glass block. [3]

(b) The refractive index of the glass block is 1.5

Calculate the angle of refraction when the angle of incidence i is 35°.

angle of refraction = ……………………………. [2]

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21 (a) Define the term refractive index.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]

(b) Fig. 21.1 shows a fish O at the bottom of a pond and its image I when viewed from
outside the pond.

Fig. 21.1

(i) On Fig. 21.1 complete the path of the rays to show how the image I of the
fish is formed. [2]

(ii) Calculate the refractive index of water.

refractive index = ………………………….[3]

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22 Fig.22.1 shows two rays of light from a stone at the bottom of a pool.

Fig.22.1

(a) On Fig.22.1

(i) Continue the path of the two rays as they emerge from the water surface. [2]

(ii) Use the refracted rays to show the position of the image of the stone.
Label it I. [2]

(b) The real depth of the pool is 1.5 m and the image appears to be 1.1 m beneath the
water surface.

Calculate the refractive index of water.

refractive index = ……………………… [2]

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23 (a) Fig. 23.1 shows an object placed in front of a converging lens L.

Fig. 23.1

Draw two rays from the top of the object to show how an image is formed by the lens.
[4]

(b) Fig.23.2 shows a single ray passing through a clear glass rod.

Fig.23.2

Explain why the ray does not leave the glass rod through the side walls.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

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24 Fig.24.1 shows light travelling from air into a glass block of critical angle of 42°.

Fig.24.1

(a) Name the process occurring at point B.

……………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(b) In Fig.24.1, complete the path of the light ray from point C. [2]

(c) The refractive index of glass is 1.5.

Calculate the angle of incidence i.

angle of incidence = ……………………………. [2]

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25 Fig.25.1 shows a rectangular glass block PQRS with light incident on side PS at an
angle of incidence of 60°.
The ray continues through the glass block as shown to emerge from side QR.
The refractive index of glass is 1.50 and critical angle is 42°.

Fig.25.1

(a) Calculate the angle of refraction on side PS. Show your working

angle of refraction = ……………………………. [2]

(b) Explain why the ray does not emerge from side PQ, but does emerge from side QR.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….…

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

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26 (a) Table 26.1 shows critical angles of water, diamond and glass.
Table 26.1

material critical angle

water 48.8°
diamond 24.4°
glass 41.8°

(i) What is critical angle?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(ii) X and Y are materials in Table 26.1

Use the information from the Table and the path of rays in Fig.26.1 to identify
materials X and Y.

Fig.26.1

X ………………………………. Y………………………… [2]

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27 Fig. 27.1 shows a convex lens used to form an image of a ball from a hook on a piece of
string.
Position f is the focal point.

Fig. 27.1
(a) Identify the feature C.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]

(b) Use Fig. 27.1 to complete a ray diagram showing the formation of an image of the
ball. Label the image formed. [3]

(c) State two properties of the image formed.

1 …………………………….……………………………………………………………

2 ………………………………………………………………………..……………. [2]

28 Fig.28.1 shows a converging lens used as a magnifying glass.

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 Fig.28.1
(a) On Fig.28.1 complete the path of the ray after passing through the lens and find the
principal focus. Label it F. [2]
(b) Measure and record the focal length of the lens.

focal length = ………………………..mm [1]

(c) Fig.28.2 shows a prism as used in a projector to make the image upright.
(The diagram is not to scale)

Fig.22.2
(i) Complete the path of the rays to show how the image becomes upright on the
screen.

(ii) Name the effect that the rays undergo along the side ZY.

……………………………………………………………………………………. [3]

29 Fig.29.2 shows a prism a thin convex lens L, used to form an image I, of an object.

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 The image and the principal focus F are shown in the diagram.

Fig.29.2

(a) State the name given to the distance between point C and point F.

…………………………………………………………………………………...…………. [1]

(b) On Fig.29.2,

(i) draw two rays to locate the position of the object, [2]

(ii) draw and label the object O. [1]

(c) State two characteristics of image formed by a convex lens in a projector

1 ………………………………………………………………………………………….

2 …………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]

30 Fig.30.1 shows a slide projector.

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 Fig.30.1

(a) On Fig.30.1 draw two rays to show how an image of the slide is formed on the
screen. [2]

(b) Give two properties of image formed

1 ………………………………………………………………………………………….

2 …………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]

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31 Fig.31.1 shows from an object incident on a convex lens of focal length 15 cm.

Fig.31.1

(a) On Fig.31.1 draw the path of the rays after refraction by the lens. [2]
(b) On Fig.31.1 draw the image formed. [2]
(c) The object is moved back a distance of 34 cm from the lens.
State two properties of image formed

1 ………………………………………………………………………………………….

2 …………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]

32 A magnifying glass produces a virtual enlarged image.

Complete the diagram to show

(a) to show where the object should be placed. Label the object O. [1]
(b) how the image is formed [4]

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33 A student performs an experiment to determine the refractive index of glass.
Fig.33.1 shows a ray of light the student shines on a parallel sided glass block.

Fig.33.1

(a) On Fig.32.1,

(i) draw the lines to show the path of ray through the glass block.

(ii) label the angles i and r. [3]

(b) He measures five different values of the angle of incidence, i and their corresponding
angles of refraction, r and obtains the following results.

i/° r/° sin i sin r

20 13 0.34 0.22

30 19 0.50 0.33

40 25 0.64 0.42

50 31 0.77 0.52

60 35 0.87 0.57

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(i) Plot a graph of sin i (y-axis) against sin r (x-axis). [3]

(ii) Calculate the gradient, G of the graph

G = ………………………… [2]
(iii) Determine the angle of refraction corresponding to the angle of incidence,
i = 25°.
Use the equation
−1 sin i
r =sin ( ¿ )¿
G

r = ………………………… [2]

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34 An experiment was performed to determine the refractive index n of a glass block.
Fig.34.1 shows the results obtained from the experiment.

Fig.34.1
(a) Measure and record
(i) the angle of incidence i,

i = ………………………………
(ii) the angle of refraction r.

r = ………………………………
[2]
(b) Calculate the refractive index n of a glass.
Use the equation

sin i
n=
sinr

n = ……………………………… [1]

(c) The experiment is repeated using a larger angle of incidence i.

State how this will affect the refractive index n.

……………………………………………..……………………………………………….. [1]

(d) Suggest one source of error that may affect the accuracy of measurements in (a).

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 ……………………………………………..……………………………………………….. [1]
35 A student performed experiment to determine the refractive index n of a glass.
Fig.35.1 shows the diagram she drew.

Fig.35.1
(a) Complete the diagram and label the angle of refraction. [1]

(b) Measure and record the angles i and r.

i = ………………………………

r = …………………………… [2]

(c) Calculate the refractive index n of a glass.

Use the equation

sin i
n=
sinr

n = ……………………………… [1]

(d) The student repeated the experiment and obtained refractive index of 1.48.

Determine the average value of refractive index n.

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 average refractive index = ……………………………… [1]
36 Fig.36.1 shows the appearance of a pen placed behind a glass beaker half filled with
water.

Fig.36.1
(a) State the property of light that makes the pen looks wider when viewed through the
water in a beaker.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….... [1]

(b) Measure and record the angles x and y.

x = ………………………………

y = …………………………… [2]

(c) Calculate the refractive index n of a water.

Use the equation

x
n=
y

n = ……………………………… [1]

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37 (a) A student has a parallel sided perspex block, soft board, plain paper, a ruler, a
protractor and some optical pins.
Describe an experiment a student will carry out to determine the refractive index of
perspex block, using the available materials.

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………….. [4]

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(b) Fig.37.1 shows a setup used by a student to determine the refractive index n of water
The student measured the real depth h1 and the apparent depth h2 of a rule.

Fig.37.1

(i) Measure and record lengths hd and ha

hd = ………………………………

ha = ……………………………… [1]

(ii) Determine the refractive index n of water.

Use the equation

hd
n=
ha

n = ……………………………… [1]

(iii) Suggest one source of inaccuracy when doing this experiment.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………….... [1]

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 (iv) The experiment is repeated using the same water with smaller a real depth hd.
The student suggest that refractive index will be smaller since hd is smaller.
Suggest whether the suggestion of the student is correct or wrong. Explain
your answer.

statement………………………………………………………………………………

explanation……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………….... [1]

38 Leru performed an experiment to determine the refractive index n of a parallel sided

glass block.
Fig.38.1 shows the diagram that she obtained after performing the experiment.

Fig.38.1

(a) Measure and record lengths EG and EF

EG = ………………………………

EF = ……………………………… [3]

(b) Determine the refractive index n of water.

Use the equation

EG
n=
EF

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 n = ……………………………… [2]
39 Fig.39.1 shows a setup used by a student to determine the refractive index of one type
of glass. A bulb is placed against the side of the glass block. A card board with two slits
is placed opposite side so that two rays are seen emerging from the glass block.

Fig.38.1
(a) On Fig.39.1
(i) Draw the path of two rays within the glass block, [1]
(ii) Use the emergent rays to show the apparent depth of the glass block.
Label it A. [2]
(b) The experiment was repeated using glass blocks of different values of R, the width
of the block. The results are shown in Table 39.1.
Table 39.1

R/mm A/mm
50 33
60 40
80 53
100 70
150 100
200 133
(i) On the grid on the next page plot a graph of R/mm against A/mm. [4]
(ii) The refractive index is equal to the gradient of the graph.
Use your graph to determine the refractive index of the glass.

refractive index = …………………….. [2]

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(c) One method of determining the refractive index of the glass block is to use the angle
of incidence i and angle of refraction r.
On Fig.39.1 label the angles i and r. [2]

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