29‐May‐23

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING  Course Outline

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY
 Installing and Accessing MATLAB
 Introduction to MATLAB Environment (User Interface)
 MATLAB as a Calculator
 Matrices and Array Operations
 MATLAB as a Programming Language

Introduction to MATLAB  Functions and Scripts

 Control Flow (Conditional statements, loop control)

Summer of Core - 2023  Plotting and File Handling

IIT Bombay  Error Handling and Debugging

Mohammad Rafiq Joo  Numerical Methods and Basic Optimization Techniques

Prime Minister’s Research Fellow
 Good Programming Practices
IIT Bombay
1
([email protected]) © MR Summer of Core - 2023 2
1 2

 Course Weightage
 Attendance - 10%
 Weekly Assignments – 20%
 Course Project – 70% Week 1
Session-I

© MR Summer of Core - 2023 3 © MR Summer of Core - 2023 4

3 4
 29‐May‐23

 What is MATLAB ?  Installing MATLAB Licensed Version

 MATLAB: Matrix Laboratory

 Developed by Wilkinson, Forsythe, and Todd.
 Marketed and further developed by MathsWorks Inc.
 Used for matrix-based manipulation, plotting functions and
data, algorithm implementation, user interface creation, etc.
 Available in many operating systems – Windows, Macintosh, https://matlab.mathworks.com/
Unix, DOS
 Number of toolboxes available to solve specific problems.

© MR Summer of Core - 2023 5 © MR Summer of Core - 2023 6

5 6

 Accessing MATLAB MATLAB Online

 User Interface
Current Directory
 Interaction with MATLAB
Files in current directory
 Windows & tabs
 Primary windows
 Command Window
 Workspace
 Editor
 Current Directory/File explorer
 MATLAB session
 Meaning
 Saving/reproducing/starting‐from‐where‐you‐left

Workspace Command window

© MR Summer of Core - 2023 7 © MR Summer of Core - 2023 8

7 8
 29‐May‐23

 MATLAB as a Calculator

 Let’s try out some examples

 Basic operations
 Variable assignment
MATLAB as a Calculator  And a lot more

© MR Summer of Core - 2023 9 © MR Summer of Core - 2023 10

9 10

 Getting Started  Getting Started

Some facts to remember  Variable name = a value ( or an expression).
 No need to declare variables, allocate storage, dimension 
 Expression could be a manual entry ( numbers, array, matrix, other
statements. variables), built-in function, user-defined functions.
 However, initialization, if possible, is a good practice.  Overwriting variables
 Programs can be executed step‐by‐step with full access to all 
 Error Messages
variables and functions.
 Making Corrections
 Variable names cannot have special characters and cannot 
 Get a hang of using up-arrow and tab keys.
start with a number or underscore.
 Controlling the hierarchy of operations
 Strictly avoid naming variables the same as function names.
 Comments‐ % (Use Ctrl+R/T to comment/uncomment).

© MR Summer of Core - 2023 11 © MR Summer of Core - 2023 12

11 12
 29‐May‐23

 Getting Started  Some Tips

 Getting help  Ctrl + C‐ to abort an ongoing computation
 …‐ to continue a line
 help functionname
 Use of single inverted comma for strings and 
 lookfor, doc characters
 Function name is not known but not syntax, F1  Some mathematical functions you should try out.
 sqrt(x), round(x)
 Function is kind-of-known, See also  sum(x), sum(x, dim), sum(sum(x))
 Function is unknown, Google (or any other search engine)!  prod(x), prod(x, dim), prod(prod(x))
 max(x), min(x) over array or matrix (column/row)
 MathWorks® online reference manual, stack exchange
 sin(x), asin(x), log(x), log10(x), exp(x)
 Exponent‐ ^, Negation‐ ~, Division‐ /, Left division‐ \  Some Pre‐defined variables
 ans, pi, i, inf, NaN (0 * inf)

© MR Summer of Core - 2023 13 © MR Summer of Core - 2023 14

13 14

 Getting Started
 Controlling the appearance
 format long ↵
 format short ↵
 disp(x) ↵ Week 1
 Managing the workspace
 clear, clearvars, clearvars –except, who

 Multiple statements per line

Session-II
 Miscellaneous commands
 clc, ctrl-c

© MR Summer of Core - 2023 15 © MR Summer of Core - 2023 16

15 16
 29‐May‐23

 What have we covered so far ?

 Installing and Accessing MATLAB

 Introduction to MATLAB Environment (User Interface)

 MATLAB as a Calculator

 Matrices and Array Operations

 MATLAB as a Programming Language Matrix and Array Operations

 Functions and Scripts

 Control Flow (Conditional statements, loop control)

 File Handling

 Plotting, Error Handling and Debugging

 Good Programming Practices

© MR Summer of Core - 2023 17 © MR Summer of Core - 2023 18

17 18

 Matrix and Array  Matrix and Array

 Matrices = MATLAB fundamentals (recall MATLAB definition)  Matrix Indexing

 Entering a vector  A(row,col)↵

 v1 = [1 2 5 8]↵  A(2,2) = 10 ↵

 v2 = [1; 2; 5; 8]↵ or ?  Colon Operator  

 v1(1:3); v1(2,end), v1(2) ↵  x = 0:0.1:5 ↵ n = length(x)↵

 Entering a matrix  Linear Spacing 

 A = [1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]↵  y = linspace(0,5,51) ↵ x & y ?

 theta = linspace(0,2*pi,101)↵
 logspace
© MR Summer of Core - 2023 19 © MR Summer of Core - 2023 20
19 20
 29‐May‐23

 Matrix and Array  Matrix and Array

 Deleting row or column
 Colon Operator in matrix
 A(3,:)= [] ↵
 A(3,:)↵
 Dimension
 A(:,2:3)=1↵
 size(A) ↵ [m,n] = size(A) ↵
 Creating a submatrix
 Continuation (…)
 B = A([2 3],[1 2])↵
 Transpose
 C = A([2 1 3],:) ↵ A(:)↵
 A’ or transpose(A) ↵
 D = A(end:-1:1,end)↵ Guess the result
 Concatenating matrices
 B = [A 10*A; -A [1 0 0; 0 1 0; 0 0 1]] ↵
© MR Summer of Core - 2023 21 © MR Summer of Core - 2023 22
21 22

 Matrix and Array  Matrix and Array Operations

 Matrix Generators and Special Matrices  Arithmetic Operations

 eye(m,n)↵ eye(n)↵  C = A+B ↵ D = A*B ↵

 zeros(m,n)↵ zeros(n)↵  A^2 ↵ E = 3*A ↵

 ones(m,n)↵ ones(n)↵  Sum(A)↵

 rand(m,n)↵, rng()↵  Element‐wise Operation

 diag(A), magic(n)↵  A.^2 F = A.*B

 hilb invhilb, pascal, Toeplitz,  A./B A.^B

vander, Wilkinson  Matrix Inverse 

 F = inv(A) F = A^-1
© MR Summer of Core - 2023 23 © MR Summer of Core - 2023 24
23 24
 29‐May‐23

 Let’s Solve Simultaneous Linear equations

1   4    2 2 𝑥 4𝑦 2𝑧 2
 𝐴 2    3  2 𝑏 3 2𝑥 3𝑦 2𝑧 3
1 1 0 4 𝑥 𝑦 0𝑧 4

 Ax = b x=A-1b
 X = inv(A)*b x = A\b
 Some Matrix Functions
 det(A) diag(A) eig(A)
 inv(A) norm(A) rank(A)

© MR Summer of Core - 2023 25

25