HTML
HTML Elements
Introduction
The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5
document
The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in
the browser's title bar or in the page's tab)
The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all
the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks,
tables, lists, etc.
The <h1> element defines a large heading
The <p> element defines a paragraph
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a Heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Attributes
All HTML elements can have attributes
Attributes provide additional information about elements
Attributes are always specified in the start tag
Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
The href Attribute
The <a> tag defines a hyperlink. The href attribute specifies the URL of the page
the link goes to:
Example
<a href="https://www.facebook.com">Visit facebook</a>
The src Attribute
The <img> tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page. The src attribute
specifies the path to the image to be displayed:
Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg">
The width and height Attributes
The <img> tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which
specifies the width and height of the image (in pixels):
Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" width="500" height="600">
The alt Attribute
The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an
image, if the image for some reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to
slow connection, or an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen
reader.
Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">
Example
<img src="img_typo.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">
The style Attribute
The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font,
size, and more.
Example
<p style="color:red;">This is a red paragraph.</p>.
The lang Attribute
You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to declare
the language of the Web page. This is meant to assist search engines and
browsers.
The following example specifies English as the language:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>
Country codes can also be added to the language code in the lang attribute. So,
the first two characters define the language of the HTML page, and the last two
characters define the country.
The following example specifies English as the language and United States as
the country:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>
The title Attribute
The title attribute defines some extra information about an element.
The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse
over the element:
Example
<p title="I'm a tooltip">This is a paragraph.</p>
We Suggest: Always Use Lowercase
Attributes
The HTML standard does not require lowercase attribute names.
The title attribute (and all other attributes) can be written with uppercase or
lowercase like title or TITLE.
Always Quote Attribute Values
The HTML standard does not require quotes around attribute values.
Good:
<a href="www.facebook.com">Visit our HTML tutorial</a>
Bad:
<a href=facebook.com>Visit our HTML tutorial</a>
Sometimes you have to use quotes. This example will not display the title
attribute correctly, because it contains a space:
Example
<p title=About W3Schools>
Single or Double Quotes?
Double quotes around attribute values are the most common in HTML, but
single quotes can also be used.
In some situations, when the attribute value itself contains double quotes, it is
necessary to use single quotes:
<p title='John "ShotGun" Nelson'>
Or vice versa:
<p title="John 'ShotGun' Nelson">
Chapter Summary
All HTML elements can have attributes
The href attribute of <a> specifies the URL of the page the link goes to
The src attribute of <img> specifies the path to the image to be displayed
The width and height attributes of <img> provide size information for
images
The alt attribute of <img> provides an alternate text for an image
The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color,
font, size, and more
The lang attribute of the <html> tag declares the language of the Web
page
The title attribute defines some extra information about an element
