Delhi Hwy, Near Naveen SabjiMandi, Sikandra, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, 282007

PRACTICAL FILE
FOR
Data Structure, C++
BCA
First Year (Session: 2021- 2022)

Submitted by: Submitted To:

Nikhil Pachauri Mr. Vikas Chandra

Sharma
 Table of contents
 WAP to demonstrate the use of new and delete
operator.
 WAP to create a class and access its members using
objects.
 WAP to demonstate the use of conductors and
destructors.
 WAP to demonstate the use of coppy constructors.
 WAP to demonstate the use of constructor
overloading in C++.
 WAP to demonstate the use of various accesss
specifiers in C++.
 WAP to demonstate the various type of Inheritance.
 WAP to demonstate friend function and friend class
in C++.
 WAP to demonstate the operators overloading in C+
+.
 WAP to demonstate the concept of function
overloading in C++.
 WAP to implement stack and its operations in C.
 WAP to create a binary search tree.
 WAP to insert a node in Binary Tree.
 WAP to create a binary tree and implement
preorder, In-order and post order traversal in it.
 WAP to convert inflix expression into postfix
expression.
 WAP to demonstrate insertion sort technique in C.
 WAP to implement the process of Merge sort
technique.
 WAP to implement bubble sort technique.
 WAP to implement binary search.
 WAP to demonstrate single linked list creation and
its various insertion operation in C.

New and Delete operator

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

// declare an int pointer

int* pointInt;

// declare a float pointer

float* pointFloat;

// dynamically allocate memory

pointInt = new int;

pointFloat = new float;

// assigning value to the memory

*pointInt = 45;

*pointFloat = 45.45f;

cout << *pointInt << endl;

cout << *pointFloat << endl;

 cout <<"Nikhil Pachauri"<<endl;

// deallocate the memory

delete pointInt;

delete pointFloat;

return 0;

output

TO create a class and access its members using objects

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

class Name

// Access specifier

public:

// Data Members

string Name;

// Member Functions()

void printName()

cout << " My Name is: " << Name;

};

int main() {

Name obj1;

obj1.Name = "Nikhil Pachauri";

 // accessing member function

obj1.printName();

return 0;

Output

Use of Constructors and destructors

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Demo{

private:

int num1,num2;

public:

Demo(int n1, int n2) {

cout<<"Inside Conductor"<<endl;

num1 = n1;

num2 = n2;

void display(){

cout<<"num1 ="<<num1 <<endl;

cout<<"num2 ="<<num2 <<endl;

cout<<"Nikhil Pachauri"<<endl;

Demo(){

cout<<"Inside Destructor";

}
};

int main(){

Demo obj1(10, 20);

obj1.display();

return 0;

Output

Copy Constructors.
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Wall {

private:

double length;

double height;

public:

Wall(double len, double hgt) {

length = len;

height = hgt;

Wall(Wall &obj) {

length = obj.length;

height = obj.height;

double calculateArea() {

return length * height;

}
 };

int main()

Wall wall1(10.5, 8.6);

Wall wall2 = wall1;

cout<<"Area of Wall 1: " << wall1.calculateArea() <<endl;

cout<<"Area of Wall 2: " << wall2.calculateArea() <<endl;

cout<<"Nikhil Pachauri" <<endl;

return 0;

Output
 Constructor overloading
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Room {

private:

double length;

double breadth;

public:

Room() {

length = 6.9;

breadth = 4.2;

Room(double l, double b) {

length = l;

breadth = b;

Room(double len) {

length = len;

breadth = 7.2;

}
 double calculateArea() {

return length * breadth;

};

int main() {

Room room1, room2(8.2, 6.6), room3(8.2);

cout<<"When no argument is passed: " <<endl;

cout<<"Area of room: " <<room1.calculateArea() <<endl;

cout<<"\nWhen (8.2, 6.6) is passed: " <<endl;

cout<<"Area of room: " <<room2.calculateArea() <<endl;

cout<<"\nWhen breadth is fixed to 7.2 and 8.2 is passed: "<<endl;

cout<<"Area of room: " <<room3.calculateArea() <<endl;

cout<<"\nMy Name is Nikhil Pachauri" <<endl;

 return 0;

Output

Access specifiers in C++

There are three type of specifier in C++
 Public Specifier
 Private Specifier
 Protected Specifier

 Public Specifier

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Sample{
public:
int age;

void displayAge() {
cout<<" Age = "<<age <<endl;
}
};

int main(){
Sample obj1;
cout<<"Enter your age: ";
cin >> obj1.age;

cout<<"Nikhil Pachauri";

obj1.displayAge();
return 0;
}
 Output

 Private

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Sample{

private:

int age;

public:

void displayAge(int a) {

age = a;

cout<<"Age = " <<age <<endl;

};

int main() {

int ageInput;

Sample obj1;

cout<<"Enter your age: ";

cin>> ageInput;

cout<<"Nikhil Pachauri";
 obj1.displayAge(ageInput);

return 0;

Output

 Protected Specifier
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Sample{

protected:
 int age;

};

class samplechild : public Sample {

public:

void displayAge(int a) {

age =a;

cout<< " Age = " << age <<endl;

};

int main() {

int ageInput;

samplechild child;

cout<<"Enter your age: ";

cin>> ageInput;

cout<<"Nikhil Pachauri ";

 child.displayAge(ageInput);

return 0;

Output

Various type of Inheritance

There are various type of inheritance:
 Single Inheritance
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Name{

public:

Name()

cout<<"My
Name is Nikhil Pachauri\n";

};

class student : public Name{

};

int main()

student obj;

return 0;

Output
 Multilevel Inheritance
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class sum

protected:

int n1;
};

class child1 : public sum

protected:

int n2;

};

class child2 : public child1

public:int sum()

cout<<"Nikhil Pachauri"<<endl;

cout<<"enter n1"<<endl;

cin>>n1;

cout<<"enter n2"<<endl;

cin>>n2;

cout<<"sum = "<<n1+n2<<endl;

};

int main()

{
child2 myobject;

myobject.sum();

Output

 Multiple Inheritance
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class A

public:

A()

{
 cout<<"HIS NAME IS NIKHIL"<<endl;

};

class B

public:

B()

cout<<"HIS SURNAME IS PACHAURI"<<endl;

};

class C:public A ,public B

public:

C()

cout<<"HIS FULL NAME IS NIKHIL PACHAURI"<<endl;

};
int main()

C c;

return 0;

Output
 Multipath Inheritance
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class ClassA{
public:
int a;
};
class ClassB : public ClassA{
public:
int b;
};
class ClassC : public ClassA{
public:
int c;
};
class ClassD : public ClassB, public ClassC{
public:
int d;
};
int main()
{
ClassD obj;
//obj.a =10; //Statement1,Error
//obj.a =100; //statement2,Error
obj.ClassB::a =10;
obj.ClassC::a =100;
obj.b =20;
obj.c =30;
obj.d =40;
cout<<"Nikhil Pachauri"<<endl;
 cout<<"a from ClassB :"<<obj.ClassB::a;

cout<<"\n a from ClassC :"<<obj.ClassC::a;

cout<<"\n b :"<<obj.b;
cout<<"\n c :"<<obj.c;
cout<<"\n d :"<<obj.d<<'\n';
}

Output

 Hierarchical Inheritance
#include<iostream>
 using namespace std;

class Men{

public:

void info(){

cout<<"I AM STUDENT."<<endl;

};

class Name : public Men{

public:

void nm(){

cout<<"MY NAME IS NIKHIL PACHAURI."<<endl;

};

class Rollno : public Men{

public:

void rn(){

cout<<"MY ROOLLNO IS 63"<<endl;

};

int main(){
Name name1;

cout<<"Name Class:"<<endl;

name1.info();

name1.nm();

Rollno rollno1;

cout<<"\n Rollno Class:"<<endl;

rollno1.rn();

return 0;

Output

 Hybrid Inheritance
// C++ program for Hybrid Inheritance
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// base class

class Vehicle {

public:

Vehicle() { cout << "This is a Vehicle\n"; }

};

// base class

class Fare {

public:

Fare() { cout << "Fare of Vehicle\n";

cout<<"\nNikhil Pachauri\n"<<endl;

};

// first sub class

class Car : public Vehicle {

};

// second sub class

class Bus : public Vehicle, public Fare {

};

// main function

int main()

// Creating object of sub class will

// invoke the constructor of base class.

Bus obj2;

return 0;

Output
 Friend function and Friend class
 Friend function
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Distance {
private:
int meter;

friend int addFive(Distance);

public:
Distance() : meter(0) {}
};

int addFive(Distance d) {
d.meter += 5;
return d.meter;
}

int main() {
Distance D;
cout<<"Distance: " <<addFive(D);
cout<<"\nNikhil Pachauri";
return 0;
}
Output
 friend class
/
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// forward declaration

class ClassB;

class ClassA {

private:

int numA;

// friend class declaration

friend class ClassB;

public:

// constructor to initialize numA to 12

ClassA() : numA(12) {}

};

class ClassB {

private:
 int numB;

public:

// constructor to initialize numB to 1

ClassB() : numB(1) {}

// member function to add numA

// from ClassA and numB from ClassB

int add() {

ClassA objectA;

return objectA.numA + numB;

};

int main() {

ClassB objectB;

cout << "Sum: " << objectB.add();

cout<<"\nNikhil Pachauri\n";

return 0;

}
 Output

Operator overloading
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Count {

private:

int value;

public:

Count() : value(5) {}

// Overload ++ when used as prefix

void operator ++ () {

++value;

// Overload ++ when used as postfix

void operator ++ (int) {

value++;

}
 void display() {

cout << "\nCount: " << value << endl;

cout<<"\nNikhil Pachauri";

};

int main() {

Count count1;

// Call the "void operator ++ (int)" function

count1++;

count1.display();

// Call the "void operator ++ ()" function

++count1;

count1.display();

return 0

}
 Output

Function Overload
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// function with 2 parameters

void display(int var1, double var2) {

cout << "Integer number: " << var1;

cout << " and double number: " << var2 << endl;

// function with double type single parameter

void display(double var) {

cout << "\nDouble number: " << var << endl;

cout << "Nikhil Pachauri\n";

// function with int type single parameter

void display(int var) {

cout << "Integer number: " << var << endl;

}
int main() {

int a = 5;

double b = 5.5;

// call function with int type parameter

display(a);

// call function with double type parameter

display(b);

// call function with 2 parameters

display(a, b);

return 0;

Output
Stack and its operation in C
#include<stdio.h>

int stack[100],choice,n,top,x,i;

void push(void);

void pop(void);

void display(void);

int main()

//clrscr();

top=-1;

printf("\n Enter the size of STACK[MAX=100]:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("\n\t STACK OPERATIONS USING ARRAY");

printf("\n\t--------------------------------");

printf("\n\t 1.PUSH\n\t 2.POP\n\t 3.DISPLAY\n\t 4.EXIT");

do

printf("\n Enter the Choice:");

scanf("%d",&choice);

switch(choice)

{
case 1:

push();

break;

case 2:

pop();

break;

case 3:

display();

break;

case 4:

printf("\n\t EXIT POINT ");

break;

}
 default:

printf ("\n\t Please Enter a Valid Choice(1/2/3/4)");

while(choice!=4);

return 0;

void push()

if(top>=n-1)

printf("\n\tSTACK is over flow");

else

printf(" Enter a value to be pushed:");

 scanf("%d",&x);

top++;

stack[top]=x;

void pop()

if(top<=-1)

printf("\n\t Stack is under flow");

else

printf("\n\t The popped elements is %d",stack[top]);

top--;

void display()

if(top>=0)
 {

printf("\n The elements in STACK \n");

for(i=top; i>=0; i--)

printf("\n%d",stack[i]);

printf("\n Press Next Choice");

else

printf("\n The STACK is empty");

printf("\n Nikhil Pachauri");

Output
Create a binary search tree
Insert a node in binary search tree