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Nes ignmant 8
+
® wray 4: Rie
UZ Oo
l-*
fen = are ;
~ “ZO
1
V-C-0 FD
feo- =
foo 2 tere &
£c-t) ee)
But -| +1
fos nek onettenene.
because, ioe
hot onte
Rt such oS YA whieh
“kK f ic
Arve mambers oF
ave pet Ymages of ANY member oP te
dematn:
D
Pine wnverse On | de a
dees
au g IR — IR*
gen) = ot | “Ze
—xu-, + x40 , 1S Cha ta oe , because the
LIne thyeugh cach petnr eh the y— aa Vey
Ua the codemain of 9. P areallel to the
A AXIS Meets +he 4Yaph 9 ebunest ene pore
ey % any member eF the Codomain ,
he ony wea) number (n thls Casa, then
there Is oO member % Of the demain
0-60, a Yyealnumbe? i tus Cage set,
y =40%)
yz
y al ®
o
Ty thik cote every Member of ane a
Codomatyy Vs the mage of some meubey
(oa unighe mem ber 1h Hits SiS) a tae
domath
“.7Puus J %
yt! § yo-1
FP: yea
Onte +
“.9°Cy) 2
A
b) Fig { wew|-verer}
fen? = 2%
\+lod
foo = — +
te ou
a
Vo
pa rel
WAZO 1 oy afean)
m1 he
lemy Tate
Hy eH Ne = HAW MD
Hy = He
X11 %y_ IN
Fem =) mt > x te odd
mee HTS even
when sx x"'s odd
:
foo, ) a Poms)
Meet ot
> MY
MY > ee
When Hy) Xe is even
fou) = fore)
Ay-1 = o-]
Wy = Ha
.' } 1s @n@—-ts-ona .
WM t's odd
yuxr y
ee yn 7y ts even
mo ts even
4 tw -)
mM tye] : 4 We odd
(4H this case every memrier of
The codemoin so ane (moge of some
. f
Mew be x
ee ies dono. .
Ny ee 8
fe jeetrow
Fey=Sy-1: yh even
Yrro: yt edd
@®w F:R—ie 4: RIR
fex) =sing gw = fie
qc fow ) = J Give = Cos
domain =4 xelR | —-i¢stnxs fs
= -@ fr ae gi boc.
aw ip Rand J %*%* ehe-to-ene ,then
So Is Gok
VE @ ik onetoona , then, fea) = fen)
=P x1 a Mo
\
te > one 4e -oNe then gC) = glare)
=p HPS Hy
conailey, gC Feuy) = 9Ch omy )
ae FO) FO%) Cig 18 net
che
ME rm Cu hes onete ene)
hh g a2 onte » then 0 i
oF.
simce 9% Bi5e (ts onto
Suppose EEC, then there exrehs a pre -
Imoge in
be y
Let the pre -rmage
Mence , yeR sb geyyr2
Stuatlarly , s'wce So tne ts onto
TR ye By Men there extsrs 0 pre -fmage mA, é
Let the pre Vina ge be X,
Hene@ \ EA gueh that fears y
NOt Jot :APC
go fh = 3 C Scar)
zoty
=2
So, for avery % Th A, there ‘gs an Tmage
2 inc.
Thus! a ges ts onto.
mM) ‘f
( Tp f and 4 ave bifectione, then so i's
goF
prseP: Suppote there ave bijectrens
€ : AB and
4° Bc.
Ss
The» Bw Fa ave oha-te -ohe Punch oe
then so \s ge F (pore ® preok )
As f Rg ave onto functions
then seo ts gef Cpart Wd proc )
a gee is also & biject’en. dv) fe gf ts & bryech'on, then , j
gobo? =F 347
C00
Then te following twe equations
Must be shown to hold.
').(gh= i,
CgeF) o (FES) = x,
pre of
The two equations gtven above follow easily
From the Fact that the function Composition
‘is assactatl Ve a
(Fag )o Cat) =F loa eg of)
= Fto( ye)
= flof
-%, —@
(Bem (go) 0 (Flog Je goG of? bg!)
= 3° Cc eg') 10° @
Q a) wy Af ate 2b n fy 34 |
“8 CS
AB= (“> 3b mt2y By
reeled
of( asd) (%499) —3by — @a>b) ay Habx
—bCat2y) ay _ b-BYy ram
i)
amp rayraba ruby —aby Bayrb by t3by
— bx -2by —ay - Bbhy ran
= (2%-3by )+ 2 (bo tabyray) 3B (bru raby +ay)
= (bu +2by+ay) ansby
pe 2 whee |
2 4 +) p = ax-sby
4 = bm aby tay >
“EP Fe ‘
ay Axe = Ge
\ 6 zy). /* 4 : |
( .) (E © ze E/ \-t 2
Oa y _ 2m —y es
(Fi. gt ~ Lae-e eo
2 =p ery —C)
yo oF-etey _, wey
pee ee x=-k —@
Ytet = -242b =b § =-2 —@G)
let, may me per
ait) A-f '! & 0
2 a
(0 6
—-t.-2 -f[
eee
2
3
°
2 -
Se
C Yu
=e
2 -~ a
\
a =
aw OG
co
tha |
oa!
{
2A.
Aa io} Ol 1G
°
a ao
ai ™ 9 eo 7 8 go
al 7 0 = -w
7-1 Sy ee
Nw NYO
a a
A u
< re a) eT
A3-A = ar q(G)
ee eee
ree
tar 13,
» AHA cAr—t —)
Pg)
pcs) trae (1 Above pret )
Assumes
Ded 2 ee Ga
Naed +o Show that,
-) ~”
Pena AML AMT! Ate
Oxr =n
an ret =M_A
But. @) =n.
Aon fee
ea hoa) = noo
Ponai) is true.
Consydor,
n-2 2
APA ak ——
Let ne teo Let neice
Aer RP ate
L
96
h =48 eon eat
nz 9% ae emer
©
ne 6 po RAT oc ez
ho AO At = ated
By adding, ¥9 eq” 3,
a ae 49CA-z )
ARN 2 SOR 44
°
Aree gg ft ee \
-l to
— H
aw az Pe
4
ob) a) As A
AA =A
(AA) =a!
AlAl zal
(A-al)” = 0
(A -Al )(A-aAl) =O
AR-AA
-NA + Ala 2G
ey
=o (v nil= A a")
Aa
at. Adal
=AAl+ ala
. , u
Mattiplyy oO by AA
AAAs al Aa saa pal +A AAA!
AW + BAA = (AAI) 4 ce)
AA’ = (a at)
a) Aap
BR = T-~A
B= As he (E-A(I-n)
+ T-A-AGA?2
ST-A-AtA (VAZzA™)
c FT-A=ze
- Bag
. B Is
idea petenie it 4B = ACE-A) = A-A*2 P-heo®
CHAszAz)
BA = G-A)A = A-Ar = p-Azce
Ct Azar)
. AB =zBAzO
0
©, wv — rod mw
a | 2
nu 2 i
ns 122 4 6 9
2 12 2, 2leleas5
2 2 [ 227 9 g 4
Aven -ST
)
(oe >
oe
2 ©
1
oe)
vy ro~
ae a
as
\
a
aoe re . ARYA ST e0O_ GD. ?
Multiply © by Aa
AAA GAA! ot all =a
AI —yr-srleg
A-YD = saz
TAs L(A-ur)
(Ss)
cu) a ft :
2
ee ore)
>
o
a
_-N
rep
fo.
—
mS
a)
oo
Kn a
2G
13 8
lo 4 TAP aa A ESE
AX A = + t2 oe
6 tee '
6 f2 9 !
ae co ol
31 63 3I
3\ b2 2p
EA tA -URESE
= 32 -b62 —3) 44 oo
-31 -63 -3) u2 41
— 3) -62 -=32 ta Oe
ao
oe
oO oO
= fo oo
o o} oO
Co 8
© maltrply © vy av! 4
EAR AAT AAAALUAATES AN 2g
-A yaa Hut +S5a} ce
AT = A -FAb0T )
eS
-
iN @- fe @ ee io o
cole tee ~(# 2, 4 Itleo uo
6 22 Toe te a.
Av!
A=f2 2)
\ 2 |
Vo2 2
My = & | Mig Ft
Mo, e
2152 <
t Mo. = 3 Mi, = 2
My, > hs My] M53 = Y 20 Wwatyty Of cofactors of A, C US e
given by ,
ae 3 -2
-) -1 4
adjhA eel 2 fy -2 -)
=| 3 |
- -2 J@
lal = a (3s -2{ ' tla] ' 3
dpa te Ce
xs 2y -2 -| << &
(8)
aa 4 °
i. te al!
1A| a -1 RB -l
=| -2 &
a? = oo) 4a)
ey
ab
AC
ey
abe
abe
av
ab Sac
b+ | be
be et
ab Ac
Che bee Ra—eR,
bre PET esse,
ab Oe
ee
Dec bo4b
ob ae
e hy Rooke
be ete
R\- eR
Ghee act \ !
Rear 3
e =b
2
ahe ac+a
RIO RAR,
—4 \
-b
acta seas _ =
22 .
€ 0 -4 °
oie 4 Ro1R,
ac be &,
=o! ee ° a
ce
° Cc —b RaR,- oR,
é be ety
fee etotsctey +b ey)
c2
- 2 a: 7
A. . (arte fib? ) = ota y oti)
ce
ap b+e a “
b cta b = abe
ce e a+b
A =| bee a a
b cta b
c C ath by 23
c a a
A= RR oR,
bre atze at2b
ce c ath
b+e a a
Ry ARs
i o 2¢ 2b ITS 9: oR,
c CC atb
- 2 bre a a
~ =)
° c b Ry “ZR,
a Cc atb
SELES 24 now
= bee - be
A> 2 ( +e al\_b cog
c atb Coe
aa [ C(bte) Carb) ac) web ( ecbrey-ac)]
2 [ C (ab sbtractbe-ae J b (bere acy }
> (abe Heb api —p2e - be tabe)
A = bbe
a a
Gi ) ae
2
(atb)
ca a é
ca i
Cbre ) :
Ea pe | abe (arbre)
. (C+ey®
Az |(atp)*
ae
CA (beey® oy
b
. ab (eta ft
2
= | eCatby mq th
: + cee on Riter,
abe ca acbte) a Lon,
Be ab> bCc+at Ra bRg
z 2
= (atb) c e2 ooo.
2
— ar bte) at ag
oe
| ba be (caay™ cia
GO lcs
b
a 2
= farhh Ch etby Plax)” eae
2 2 2
a? bic) -a -
Ce 2 Cg Cg,
be 6 (eta) pb?
=z Kath) (€ rasb)Cc-a-b) (Cath ye-a-b)
a> bacda)(bre-a) 0
be
° ce tatb)Cc rab) Pe 2 a
2 | te Ce-a-b) ©-a-b) a
= (atbte)
oe ql cy
( b+e -a) a (cteab )
be : Set ig
( c4a-b) (etbre)
= (app +e P| ber2ab 2b (ce -a-b)
oF (b4e-a) ° RRR
b2
} (C ta-b)
_ 2
=(atbec) 2ab -2b = 204
az (eee) A R (PR, Re
be
° (cta-b)
2 .
= (arbee) 2
oe Gb -—b = ae
a Ryo Res
ob bcbtc-a) oo Ro PR
ab? ° ace+a-b) eG 3
z
Carbic) 2ab bia ' ot “i
ab
~ (bre-a) GC 2b
\ ° °
7 Cite, lp
2ab (ath rc)/O bte a
lb b C+G
Cites,
%
= gab (arte) (ch re06C4a) ab ]
> 2ab (atbeet[ berob pcAtac |
> 2abe (arbrey
; Bu-8 2
CIO pA, 8
8 3x-& 2
3) 3 32-8
an -8 3 3
Rk R zu
Ac 3 Bu-8 3
oO -3é41l Bx
20-0 3x40)
° RRR,
Az 3 34-8 3
° 24+ BaA-|) r Bote -3e +t |
Cg Mote
Az| 3 3e-8 3 _
} oO a2
‘ vd
Considering 13 vow,
A: (3-11) ( Gen ses )—2 cram)
Syston) (42% 15 4 -a5m +55 4494-33)
A = (3%-I) (fu'-29% a)
As Azo
21) ee
y @a-2) ' =
ary a my
w
mx x8
g yy tty?
2 2. lace
eS x ¥ e
x2 yr ze € cotay etal ')
l4x3 ltys 1423
x yY @
+ xr y> Ze
ae, 2
Ye?
Ye 2.2,
f | e”
=|* J @ boyy
ae ye 22 AYE = y e
roy 4 mr yr Ze
| ereors
= fe y 2 roy
ia y* g2)7nye| 2 ye 22
i \ | mo Yy é
[rors
= ay & yz
at yt 2 + mye Lge 22
hort rood
= (1¢ xyz) % IF
Ciprged po poe
(4 1
'
Chay ica I" ( yer—re)* cei) (x2?
— 2) 4CrfP?(ayr-aty ) J
A= Cltay zl (Yeryre) - Cue ¥2) +oxg-2y)]
A =o,
ot + Yy
of 2
y #e
l4+uy2 =O
2 wmye =o!
