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Assignment 4 - 2019

This document covers the following topics for Assignment 4 in Mathematics for Computer Science I: 1) Determinants and matrices, including properties of determinants, matrix multiplication, and solving systems of linear equations. 2) Boolean algebra, including the definition of a Boolean algebra and properties such as idempotent matrices and distributive laws. 3) Solving systems of linear equations using Cramer's rule and elementary row operations.

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Sivalingam Sivacumaran
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© © All Rights Reserved
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24 views

Assignment 4 - 2019

This document covers the following topics for Assignment 4 in Mathematics for Computer Science I: 1) Determinants and matrices, including properties of determinants, matrix multiplication, and solving systems of linear equations. 2) Boolean algebra, including the definition of a Boolean algebra and properties such as idempotent matrices and distributive laws. 3) Solving systems of linear equations using Cramer's rule and elementary row operations.

Uploaded by

Sivalingam Sivacumaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BSCS 11014 – Mathematics for Computer Science I

Assignment 4

Topics covered: Determinants, Matrices and Boolean Algebra

𝑎 + 2𝑏 3𝑏 𝑥 + 2𝑦 3𝑦
1. (a) (i) If 𝐴 = ( ) and 𝐵 = ( ), show that 𝐴𝐵 is of the form
−𝑏 𝑎 −𝑦 𝑥
𝑝 + 2𝑞 3𝑞
( ).
−𝑞 𝑝

1 0 2 −1 𝑥 𝑦
(ii) If 𝐴 = ( ) and 𝐵 = ( ), show that the matrix 𝑋 = ( ) satisfies the
1 2 −1 2 𝑧 𝑡
1 1
equation 𝐴𝑋 = 𝑋𝐵 if and only if 𝑋 is a scalar multiple of the matrix ( ).
−1 −1

1 0 0
(iii) If 𝐴 = (−1 −2 −1), show that 𝐴3 − 𝐴 = 𝐴2 − 𝐼, where 𝐼 is the square matrix
2 3 2
of order 3.
Prove by induction that, for every integer 𝑛 ≥ 3, 𝐴𝑛 − 𝐴𝑛−2 = 𝐴2 − 𝐼.
Hence, find 𝐴100 .

(b) (i) A square matrix 𝐴 of order 𝑛 is such that 𝐴2 = 𝐴 and (𝐴 − 𝐴′ )2 = 𝑂, where 𝑂 is


the zero matrix of order 𝑛. Prove that 𝐴𝐴′ + 𝐴′ 𝐴 = 𝐴 + 𝐴′ , and deduce that
(𝐴𝐴′ )2 = 𝐴𝐴′ .

(ii) A square matrix 𝐴 such that 𝐴2 = 𝐴 is called an idempotent matrix.


If 𝐴 is idempotent, show that 𝐵 = 𝐼 − 𝐴 is idempotent and that 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 = 𝑂.

2. (a) Show that each of the following using properties of determinants:

𝑎2 + 1 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
(i) | 𝑎𝑏 𝑏2 + 1 𝑏𝑐 | = 1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 .
2
𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑐 +1

𝑏+𝑐 𝑎 𝑎
(ii) | 𝑏 𝑐+𝑎 𝑏 | = 4𝑎𝑏𝑐.
𝑐 𝑐 𝑎+𝑏

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(b) Let ∆= |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎|, where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 be positive real numbers. Show that ∆ < 0.
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏

1 1 2
(c) If 𝐴 = (3 2 1), show that 𝐴3 + 3𝐴 + 4𝐼3 = 6𝐴2 , where 𝐼3 is the identity matrix of
2 1 3
order 3.
Hence, find 𝐴−1.

Justify your answer,


(i) using the adjoint of the matrix 𝐴, and
(ii) by applying elementary row transformations on the augmented matrix (𝐴, 𝐼).

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Hence solve the following system of linear equations:

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1,
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 7,
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 2.
Verify your solution using Cramer’s rule.

4. (a) Show that the set of equations

𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧 = 1
𝑎𝑥 +𝑎𝑦 +𝑧 = 𝑎 + 1 ,
𝑎 +2𝑦 +2𝑧 = 2

has a unique solution if 𝑎 ≠ 1 and 𝑎 ≠ 2, and find this solution.

Discuss the cases 𝑎 = 1 and 𝑎 = 2.

(b) (i) Define a Boolean Algebra in the usual notation.

(ii) Let ⟨𝐵, +,∗,′ , 0,1⟩ be a Boolean Algebra.

Show that, for any 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐵,

(𝛼) 𝑎 + (𝑎 ∗ 𝑏) = 𝑎
(𝛽) (𝑎 ∗ 𝑏)′ = 𝑎′ + 𝑏 ′
(𝛾) 𝑎+𝑏 =𝑏 ⇔𝑎∗𝑏 =𝑎
(𝛿) 𝑎′ + 𝑏 = 1 ⇔ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 ′ = 0.

Submit on or before 1st July 2019.

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