CHAPTER 4

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter provides a comprehensive explanation of all the necessary calculations and
outcomes. The results are categorized into four sections: Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) test,
Modulus of Rupture (MOR) test, Water Absorption (WA) test, and Soundproof test. Detailed
explanations of the procedures, equipment, and materials employed for conducting these tests
have been provided in the previous Chapter 3.
4.2 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (MOE) TEST

Table 4.2 presents a summary of the results obtained from the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)
test. For each type of panel board, three samples measuring 170 mm x 148 mm x 50mm were
utilized in this test. The test was carried out at the Light Structural Engineering Technology
Laboratory, located in the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering (FKAAS). The
Universal Testing Machine (UTM Instron) was employed to conduct the test.

Table 4.2 MOE test result

Types Sugarcane bagasse Fibreglass Hybrid panel Conventional
of panel board panel board board panel board
panel
board

Sampl A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12

e no.
MOE 875.0 1666.6 1093.7 50.6 8.8 17. 33.3 93.3 444.4 10.2 14.8 17.5
(MPa) 0 7 5 7 9 5 3 3 4 7 4 9
Avera 1211.81 25.69 190.37 42.5
ge
MOE
(MPa)
Example of calculations of MOE:

Sample no. A1:

The stress-strain graph data obtained from the UTM Instron software is depicted in Figure
4.2A below:

Figure 4.2A: stress-strain graph

Figure 4.2a Stress-strain graph generated from UTM Instron

MOE value is the gradient of the stress-strain graph:

y 2− y 1
MOE=
x 2−x 1

(4.5−1.0)
¿
(0.007−0.003)

¿ 875.00 MPa

Find average MOE to get average result for 3 samples:

( Total MOE ) for A 4 , A 5 , A 6

Average MOE=
3

(875.00+1666.67+1093.75)
¿
3

¿ 1211.81
 MOE Test Result Chart
1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

SUGARCANE BAGASSE FIBERGLASS HYBRID CONVETIONAL

Figure 4.2B: MOE test result chart

Based on the information depicted in Figure 4.2b, the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)
test results highlight a notable distinction among the conventional panel board, hybrid panel
board, sugarcane bagasse panel boards, and fibreglass panel boards. The sugarcane panel
board demonstrates the highest MOE value, measuring at 1211.81 MPa. In contrast, the
hybrid panel board has an MOE value of 190.37 MPa, followed by Conventional panel board
which is 42.5MPa while the fibreglass panel board records a value of 25.69 MPa. A higher
MOE value signifies a greater rigidity in the panel board compared to those with lower MOE
values. It also indicates that the panel board with a higher MOE necessitates more force to
deform, thereby exhibiting greater elasticity. When evaluating panel boards, a higher MOE
value is preferred as it indicates the panel board's capability to regain its original shape even
when subjected to higher forces.
 4.3 MODULUS OF RUPTURE (MOR) TEST

Table 4.3 below shows the summarized result of Modulus of Rupture (MOR) test. Three
samples were used for each type of panel board. Each sample of 170 mm x 148 mm x 50mm
was used in this test. The test was conducted by using Universal Testing Machine (UTM
Instron) at Light Structural Engineering Technology Laboratory in Faculty of Civil and
Environmental Engineering (FKAAS).

Table 4.3 MOR test result

Types of Sugarcane bagasse panel Fibreglass panel board Hybrid panel board Conventional panel
panel board board board

Sample no. B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12

Maximum 0.24967 0.18950 0.20184 0.00297 0.00516 0.0046 0.0944 0.14090 0.13124 0.225 0.137 0.133
load (kN) 1

MOR (MPa) 5.685 4.315 4.595 0.270 0.470 0.420 0.682 1.018 0.948 5.122 3.119 3.028

Average 4.865 0.387 0.883 3.756

MOR (MPa)
Example of Calculation of MOR:

Sample no. B1:

Maximum load, P got from the data generated from UTM Instron in software as shown in
Figure 4.3a below:

Figure 4.3a Maximum load generated from UTM Instron

Find MOR using formula that has been explained in Chapter 2 as shown below:

3 PL
MOR= 2
2bd

(Youssef et al., 2009)

P=¿ 249.67 N

L=¿ 170 mm

b=¿ 112 mm

d=¿ 10 mm

3(159.77)(170)
MOR= 2
2(112)(10)

¿ 5.685 MPa

Find average MOR to get average result for 3 samples:

 ( Total MOR ) for B 1 , B 2 , B 3
Average MOR=
3

5.685+ 4.315+ 4.595

¿
3

¿ 4.865

MOR Test Result Chart

6

SUGARCANE BAGASSE FIBERGLASS HYBRID CONVENTIONAL

Figure 4.3b MOR test result chart

Based on the information presented in Figure 4.3b, a noticeable distinction is evident between
the conventional panel board and the sugarcane bagasse panel boards concerning the results
of the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) test. The sugarcane bagasse panel board exhibits the
highest MOR value, measuring at 4.865 MPa. In contrast, the conventional panel board
shows second highest 3.756MPa and followed by hybrid panel board shows a MOR value of
0.883 MPa, while the fibreglass panel board registers a value of 0.387 MPa. The MOR value
signifies the maximum strength of a specimen before it fractures or breaks. A higher MOR
value indicates that the panel board necessitates more force to bend it until it reaches the
point of rupture compared to those with lower MOR values. In the context of panel boards, a
higher MOR value is preferred as it denotes the panel board's capacity to endure a greater
force or load before breaking.
 4.4 WATER ABSORPTION TEST

The results of the Water Absorption (WA) test are summarized in Table 4.4. Three samples
were utilized for each type of panel board. The Sugarcane Bagasse and Fibreglass panel
boards have dimensions of 170 mm x 112 mm, with thicknesses of 10 mm and 5 mm,
respectively. The test involved immersing the samples in water at room temperature for a
duration of 24 hours.

Table 4.4: Table WA Result

Types of Sugarcane bagasse Fibreglass panel Hybrid panel board Conventional panel
panel board panel board board board

Sample no. C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12

Dry mass (g) 101.8 102.0 101.7 48.4 48.5 48.8 132.8 132.8 132.6 12.2 12.9 13.0

Wet mass (g) 112.4 112.8 113.5 48.4 48.5 48.8 143.4 144.0 143.6 18.4 20.9 20.0

Mass of 10.6 10.8 11.8 0 0 0 10.6 11.2 11.0 6.2 8.0 7.0
water
absorbed
WA (%) 10.4 10.6 11.6 0 0 0 8.0 8.4 8.3 50.8 62.0 53.9

Average WA 10.9 0 8.2 55.6

(%)
Example of calculation of WA:

Sample no C1:

Find mass of water absorbed and Water Absorption, WA

Mass of water absorbed =Wet mass−Dry mass

¿ 112.4−101.8

¿ 10.6 g

Mass of water absorbed

Water Absorption= × 100
Dry mass

10.6
¿ ×100
101.8

¿ 10.4 %

Find average WA to get average result for 3 samples.

Average WA=(Total WA)for C 1 ,C 2 , C 3 ¿ ¿

3
10.4+10.6+11.6
¿
3
¿ 10.9
 WA Test Result Chart
60

50

40

30

20

10

SUGARCANE BAGASSE HYBRID CONVENTIONAL

FIGURE 4.4: WA Test Result Chart

Based on the Water Absorption (WA) test results depicted in Figure 4.4, a noticeable
distinction is evident among the sugarcane bagasse panel board, fiberglass panel board, and
hybrid panel board. The fibreglass panel board exhibits the lowest WA value, which stands at
0%, while the sugarcane bagasse panel board records 10.9%, the hybrid panel board registers
8.2% and also the conventional panel board 55.6%. The WA value is expressed as a
percentage and represents the ability of panel boards to absorb water when exposed to or
immersed in water. A higher WA value indicates a higher rate of water absorption and a
greater volume of water absorbed compared to those with lower WA values. In the case of
panel boards, a lower WA value is preferable to a higher WA value because it signifies better
water resistance or waterproofness when the panel board is exposed to or immersed in water.
4.5 SOUNDPROOF TEST

The results of the Soundproof test are summarized in Table 4.5. Three samples were utilized
for each type of panel board. The Sugarcane Bagasse and Fibreglass panel boards have
dimensions of 170 mm x 112 mm, with thicknesses of 10 mm and 5 mm, respectively. The
test involved immersing the samples in water at room temperature for a duration of 24 hours.

Type of Sugarcane Fiberglass panel Hybrid panel Conventional

panel Bagasse paneL board board panel board
boards board
Sample D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12
no.
Data 55.7 56.3 57.2 56. 57.4 60.1 56.2 58.7 64.1 60.0 61.0 60.0
(db) 5
Average 56.4 58.0 59.7 60.0
(db)
Reverberation 20s
time (s)
TABLE 4.5: Soundproof test result

Example of calculation of Soundproof:

Find average soundproof to get average result for 3 samples.

( D1+ D 2+ D 3)
Average Soundproof =
3

(55.7+56.3+57.2)
¿
3

¿ 56.4
 Soundproof Test Result Chart
61

60

59

58

57

56

55

54

SUGARCANE BAGASSE FIBERGLASS HYBRID CONVENTIONAL

FIGURE 4.5: Soundproof test chart

Figure 4.5 clearly demonstrates a noticeable difference in soundproofing performance

between the conventional panel board and the sugarcane bagasse panel boards. The results
indicate that the conventional panel board achieved the highest soundproof value, measuring
at 61.0dB. In comparison, the hybrid panel board ranked second with a soundproof value of
59.7 dB, followed by the fiberglass panel board and the sugarcane bagasse panel board with
values of 58.0 dB and 56.4 dB, respectively. A higher soundproofing performance is an
indication of a better-quality panel board in terms of its soundproofing capabilities. When it
comes to soundproofing, the goal is to minimize the transmission of sound through the panel
board. A higher soundproofing rating means that the panel board is more effective in blocking
or reducing sound transmission.