Electrical Engineering Department - ITU

CS152L: Object Oriented Programming Lab

Course Instructor: Nadir Abbas Dated:

Lab Engineer: Usama Riaz Semester: Summer 2023

Session: Batch:

Lab 9. Solving Problems by Utilization of Structs

Obtained Marks/100
Name Roll number

Muhammad Sami Ullah BSEE21036

Checked on: ____________________________

Signature: ____________________________
Objective
The objective of this lab is to observe the basic knowledge of programming in C++.
Equipment and Component
Component Description Value Quantity
Computer Available in lab 1
Conduct of Lab
• Students are required to perform this experiment individually.
• In case the lab experiment is not understood, the students are advised to seek help from
the course instructor, lab engineers, assigned teaching assistants (TA) and lab
attendants.

Theory and Background

In C++, a 1D array is declared by specifying the data type of the elements followed by the array
name and the size of the array in square brackets. For example, int numbers[5]; declares a 1D
integer array named numbers with a size of 5 elements. Elements in a 1D array can be accessed
using the array name and the index, starting from 0. For instance, numbers[0] refers to the first
element in the array.

A 2D array in C++ is essentially an array of arrays. It is declared by specifying the data type of
the elements, followed by the array name and the size of the rows and columns in square
brackets. For example, int matrix[3][4]; declares a 2D integer array named matrix with 3 rows
and 4 columns. Elements in a 2D array can be accessed using two indices, one for the row and
one for the column. For instance, matrix[1][2] refers to the element in the second row and third
column of the array.

In C++, a char array is used to represent a sequence of characters, typically used for strings. It
is declared by specifying the data type char, followed by the array name and the size of the array
in square brackets. For example, char name[10]; declares a char array named name with a size of
10 characters. Char arrays are terminated by a null character ('\0') placed at the end, indicating
the end of the string. Functions from the <cstring> library, such as strcpy, strlen, can be used to
manipulate char arrays.

In C++, a pointer is declared by specifying the data type followed by an asterisk () and the
pointer name. Pointers hold the memory address of another variable. For example, int* ptr;
declares a pointer named ptr that can hold the memory address of an integer variable. Pointers
are used to indirectly access variables and their values using the dereference operator (). Pointers
are particularly useful in dynamic memory allocation, accessing elements in arrays, and passing
arguments to functions by reference.

Structures in C++ provide a convenient way to group related variables together into a single
entity. By defining a structure, you can create a custom data type that represents a specific
concept or object in your program. The member variables within a structure can have different
data types, allowing you to store and organize diverse information. Structures are commonly
used to represent real-world entities such as people, products, or coordinates.

Lab Task
Part A [Marks: 5]

Please follow the following steps before starting below tasks:

• Create function.h file for declaration of all functions

• Create function.cpp file to define define all declared functions.
 • Create main.cpp file for driving code/call functions.
•
Note: Make a menu driven program (compulsory).
•
Part B: Implementation of Structures [Marks: 35]

• Create a structure called "Point" that represents a point in a 2D Cartesian coordinate

system.

The structure should have the following member variables:

x: The x-coordinate of the point.

y: The y-coordinate of the point.

Implement the following functions for the Point structure:

SetPoint: Set the x and y coordinates of the point.

DisplayPoint: Display the x and y coordinates of the point.

• Create a structure called "Student" that represents a student's information.

The structure should have the following member variables:

name: The name of the student (a string).

rollNumber: The roll number of the student (an integer).
marks: An array to store the marks of the student in three subjects (float values).

Implement the following functions for the Student structure:

SetStudentDetails: Set the details of the student (name, roll number, and marks).
CalculateAverage: Calculate and return the average marks of the student.
DisplayStudentDetails: Display the student's details (name, roll number, marks, and
average).

// Paste your code here

// Functions.h
#ifndef FUNCTIONS_H
#define FUNCTIONS_H
#include<iostream>
#include"Functions.h"
using namespace std;
template <typename T>// template function
struct Point {// struct
T x;// declaration
T y;// declaration

void SetPoint(T x_axis, T y_axis)

 {// declaring function
x = x_axis;// storing value
y = y_axis;// storing value
}

void DisplayPoint()
{// declaring function
cout << "x = " << x << ", y = " << y <<endl;// displaying the output and moving to next line
}
};
template <typename T, size_t X>// template function
struct Student {// struct
string name;// declaration
int RollNumber;// declaration
T Marks[X];// array declaration

void SetStudentDetails(const string& studentName, int studentRollNumber, const T* studentMarks)

{// void function
name = studentName;// storing name
RollNumber = studentRollNumber;// storing
for (size_t i = 0; i < X; ++i) {// for loop condition
Marks[i] = studentMarks[i];// storing
}
}

T CalculateAverage() const {//

T sum = 0;// intialization
for (size_t i = 0; i < X; ++i) {// for loop condition
sum += Marks[i];// increment
}
return sum / X;// returing value
}

void DisplayStudentDetails() const {

cout << "Name: " << name << endl;// displaying the output and moving to next line
cout << "Roll Number: " << RollNumber << endl;// displaying the output and moving to next line
cout << "Marks: ";// displaying the output
for (size_t i = 0; i < X; ++i) {// for loop condition
cout << Marks[i] << " ";// displaying the output
}
cout <<endl;// displaying the output an dmoving to next line
cout << "The Average Marks are: " << CalculateAverage() << endl;// displaying the output an
dmoving to next line
}
};
#endif
// Functions.cpp
#include"Functions.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
// main.cpp
#include"Functions.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {// start of main function
int x;
cout<<"OPTINS:-\n 1)Task 01\n 2)Task02\n";
cout<<"Enter a number = ";
cin>>x;
switch(x)
{
case 1:
{
Point<int> pointA;//set the pointA
pointA.SetPoint(6, 9);
pointA.DisplayPoint();
Point<double> pointB;//set the pointB
pointB.SetPoint(3.5, 6.3);
pointB.DisplayPoint();// displaying point
break;
}
case 2:
{
// for float value
Student<float, 3> studentA;
float Marks1[] = { 91.5, 98.7, 89.5 };
studentA.SetStudentDetails("Abdul Rahman", 21080, Marks1);// marks detail of first student
studentA.DisplayStudentDetails();// display

// for integer value

Student<int, 3> studentB;
int Marks2[] = { 95, 96, 98};
studentB.SetStudentDetails("Muhammad Sami Ullah", 21036, Marks2);// mamrks detail of second
student
studentB.DisplayStudentDetails();// display
break;
}
default:
{
cout<<"You eneterd a wrong number !!";
}
}
return 0;// end of main function
}
// Paste your output here
Assessment Rubric for Lab

Performance Max
Task CLO Description Exceeds expectation Meets expectation Does not meet expe
metric marks
Executes without errors Executes without errors, user
Does not execute du
excellent user prompts, prompts are understandable,
errors, runtime error
1. Realization good use of symbols, minimum use of symbols or
1 1 Functionality 40 prompts are mislead
of experiment spacing in output. Through spacing in output. Some
existent. No testing h
testing has been completed testing has been completed
completed (0-19)
(35-40) (20-34)
Actively engages and Cooperates with other group
Distracts or discoura
Group cooperates with other member(s) in a reasonable
2. Teamwork 1 3 5 group members from
Performance group member(s) in manner but conduct can be
the experiment (0-1)
effective manner (4-5) improved (2-3)
On Spot Able to make changes (8- Partially able to make
1 1 10 Unable to make chan
3. Conducting Changes 10) changes (5-7)
experiment Answered all questions (8- Unable to answer all
1 1 Viva/Quiz 10 Few incorrect answers (5-7)
10) (0-4)
4. Laboratory
Comments are added and Comments are added and
safety and Code
1 3 5 does help the reader to does not help the reader to Comments are not ad
disciplinary commenting
understand the code (4-5) understand the code (2-3)
rules
Excellent use of white
space, creatively organized Includes name, and
Poor use of white sp
work, excellent use of assignment, white space
5. Data (indentation, blank l
1 3 Code Structure 5 variables and constants, makes the program fairly easy
collection code hard to read, di
correct identifiers for to read. Title, organized work,
and messy (0-1)
constants, No line-wrap (4- good use of variables (2-3)
5)
Solution is efficient, easy A logical solution that is easy
6. Data A difficult and ineffi
1 4 Algorithm 20 to understand, and maintain to follow but it is not the most
analysis solution (0-5)
(15-20) efficient (6-14)
Documentation
7. Computer
1 2 & GitHub 5 Timely (4-5) Late (2-3) Not done (0-1)
use
Submissions
  Max Marks (total): 100 Obtained M