Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Personal
Development
A FIRMER AND GENTLER
FAMILY

Quarter 2
Module 5

Most Essential Learning Competency:

 Prepare a plan on how to make the Family members firmer and
gentler with each other

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 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, which is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
 Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Discussion - This section provides a short discussion of the lesson. This aims
to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
 Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
 Check your understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

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 EXPECTATIONS
In this module you are expected to:

 Prepare a plan on how to make the family members firmer and gentler
with each other.
Let us start your journey in learning more on Making the
Filipino Family Strong. I am sure you are ready and excited to
answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST

Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. This is the most important aspect of the family in which we talk or converse our
liking and dislike to each other and build respects for one another.
a. Social Connectedness c. Communication
b. Ability to Adapt d. Clear roles

2. Which aspect or type of family member is valued, each is supported and sustained.
Therefore, they are the ones that are prioritized and each member of the family feels
important to one another.
a. Encouragement of individuals c. Religious/spiritual orientation
b. Commitment to the Family d. Expressing appreciation

3. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

a. Communication among friends
b. Ability to adapt in the family
c. Attending the church regularly with family members
d. Show consideration and encouragement among the members in the family

4. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

a. Lindsey decided to live alone and rent a dormitory near the school, despite
the appeal of her mother to study near their house.
b. After their father died, the Alondra Family goes on to their separate ways
attending to their own family businesses.
c. Flor goes out of her way, by marrying at the early age, despite the advices
and counsel of her family.
d. Mrs. Dory often encourages her children to follow their dreams.

5. Who among the following said that different routines and rituals that are found in
the family affects values and development of the child.
a. Deforges b. Fiese c. Lewis d. Olson

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6. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
a. The Father c. The grandmother
b. The Mother d. The Children

7. This encompasses a range of affective dimensions related to mutual support,

recognition, and respect.
a. Commitment c. Encouragement
b. Clear roles d. Ability to adapt

8. It is a sense of “delight” in which the child is important to his or her successful

development.
a. Appreciation c. Ability to adapt
b. Clear roles d. Time together

9. Which of the following does not belong the group?

a. Watching a movie with your girlfriend or boyfriend.
b. Having their own cellphones turn on during dinner.
c. Having their own keys when entering the house
b. The family that prays together, stays together.

10. This pertains as the family is rigid, the more it is disturbed.

a. Social Connectedness c. Commitment
b. Ability to adapt d. Clear roles

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

Direction: Answer the following questions. Write on the space provided.

Processing Questions:
1. Is your dynamic with your father a positive, negative, or a neutral one? With
your mother? With each of your siblings?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Compare and contrast your family dynamic to your seatmate’s. What are the
similarities and differences?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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3. How can knowing your family dynamic help you? How can it help your family
members?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
The family is the foremost unit that gives you the first experience of the world.
You were born dependent on the love and care of the people around you. The family
is the core unit of society. Its influence on an individual is undeniable, as it is more
powerful than an adolescent’s friends as well as other people around them. This
lesson will help you know and understand how a family can affect its members and
how you, as its member, can affect your own family.

DISCUSSIONS

A Strong Family to the

5 Challenging Times
The typical family in the Philippine setting reminds us about the harsh reality
that achieving at least, in the marginalized sector, a good and comfortable family, is
sometimes a dream or even worse, can be impossible. But though reality is
sometimes hard to accept in situations, and even in news and social media, we still
find hope with a positive view that a typical Filipino family still stays strong and
enduring. In the course of the study of this subject, having a strong family is essential
in the development of the individual, the personality. The stronger the family
background, the better and healthier the personality of that individual is. Even
researches and psychological studies suggest that healthy family is a good breeding
ground for healthy individual with values and morality. According to the study done
by Prof. Deforges, parental involvement has significant positive effect on children’s
achievement and adjustment; this also tells that parents who are involved in child
rearing, forge stronger family relationship (Deforges et al, 2003). Despite that families
in the Philippine setting have different routines and rituals, even this strong family
affects the value and development of the child (Fiese et al, 2002).
So basically, what are the characteristics of a strong family? Based on various
assumptions about what a strong family does, researchers have developed lists of
structural and behavioral attributes that characterize successful families. In spite of

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differences in discipline and perspective, there seems to be a consensus about the
basic dimensions of a strong, healthy family. The following constructs which are
often interrelated and complex, will be identified, defined, and described briefly as
they exist in strong, healthy families:

(Based on the research studies by Zill et al, 1990)

 Communication
 Encouragement of individuals
 Expressing appreciation
 Commitment to family
 Religious/spiritual orientation
 Social Connectedness
 Ability to adapt
 Clear roles
 Time together
This may seem easy to understand but each characteristic defines deeply in what
makes a typical family strong. Below are some brief explanations and research
behind these characteristics.

1. The presence of effective communication patterns is one of the most frequently

mentioned characteristics of strong families. Researchers characterize the
communication patterns of strong families as clear, open, and frequent. Family
members talk to each other often; and when they do, they are honest and open with
each other (Stinnett and DeFrain, 1985; Lewis, 1979; Epstein, 1983; Olson, 1986).

2. The encouragement of individual members encompasses a range of affective

dimensions related to mutual support, recognition, and respect. Strong families
cultivate a sense of belonging to a family unit, but also nurture the development of
individual strengths and interests. Members enjoy the family framework, which
provides structure but does not confine them.

3. Stinnett describes commitment to the family as follows: "Commitment goes in

two directions. Each family member is valued; each is supported and sustained. At
the same time, they are committed to the family as a unit. They have a sense of being
a team; they have a family identity and unity. When outside pressures (work, for
example) threaten to remove family from its top priority, members of strong families
take action and make sacrifices if necessary to preserve family well-being" (Stinnett,
1986, pg. 48).

4. "Delivering a high level of positive reinforcement to family members, day in and

day out, doing things that are positive from the other person's perspective, just for
their sake, not merely as a strategy for 'buying their love', etc." is Schumm's (1986)
description of appreciation as an important characteristic of strong families.
Related to this, W. Robert Beavers and others stated that a sense of "delight" with
the child is important to his or her successful development. Similarly, Olson summed
up that it is important when studying a family to emphasize the delight, liking,
warmth, and humor that family members share which are all aspects of this
construct and which distinguish some families from others.

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5. A religious or spiritual orientation is identified by many researchers as an
important component of strong families. Indeed, Beavers noted that all studies have
found some aspect of religiosity or spirituality as a component of strong families.
However, as described, there is disagreement over which aspects of religion are most
critical to family functioning.

6. A family's ability to adapt to stressful and potentially damaging events as well

as to predictable life cycle changes, has also been identified as an important
characteristic of strong families. Beavers noted that strong families are those with an
ability to absorb stress and cope. The more rigid a family system is, the more
disturbed it is. Olson equates adaptability with flexibility, which he describes as the
capacity of a family system to change the power structure, roles, and rules within
the family. Healthy families change; unhealthy families remain stuck. Researchers
note that the ability to adapt is contingent upon a number of other characteristics
common to strong families such as effective communication, affective involvement,
external resources, etc. In addition, two of the other characteristics of strong families
(social connectedness and clear definition of roles) are linked closely to this
adaptability dimension.

7. Successful families are not isolated; they are connected to the wider society. One
effect of social connectedness is the availability of external resources, identified by
researchers as important to effective coping by families. A family's social
connectedness can be measured in terms of the availability of external resources in
the form of friends, family, and neighbors, as well as participation in community
organizations.

8. Many researchers identify clear role definition as an important characteristic of

family functioning, and as essential for a family's ability to adapt to changing
situations. With a clear yet flexible structure in place, family members are aware of
their responsibilities in and to the family. Consequently, in the face of crises and
problems, members know their roles. The nature of this aspect of family functioning
is described as follows: "[it] focuses on whether the family has established patterns
of behavior for handling a set of family functions... In addition, assessment of the
roles dimension includes consideration of whether tasks are clearly and equitably
assigned to family members and whether tasks are carried out responsibly by family
members" (Epstein, et al, 1983).

9. Successful families spend time together, and the shared time is high in both
quality and quantity. Self-report instruments assessing family functioning address
this topic in terms of the number of activities done as a family and the extent to
which family members enjoy spending time together. For example, questions are
asked about whether "family members like to spend their free time with each other"
(Olson's FACES), and about "spending time together and doing things with each
other" (Stinnett and DeFrain, Family Strengths Inventory).

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 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Complete the Table.
Direction: Complete the table below. The number in the table indicates the
characteristic of a strong family explained in the Discussions. Provide how you
usually follow that characteristic in your own family. You may use another sheet of
paper for your answer.
My Family Table
Your Family Characteristics
Family
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Name

ACTIVITIES
Activity 2: For the Love of Mayo!
Direction: Eating together brings out the best of each member of the family. In this
activity, you are tasked to prepare your dinner or breakfast with each member of the
family by making contributions in your own way. Have a picture or selfie of each
member of the family as part of your documentation and caption it. Everything will
be put in a Family Album, entitled “Eating together with the whole family”. As the
final output for your album, present your recipe/s using the main ingredient which
is mayo. This will be submitted at the end of the subject course.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 3: Critical Thinking

Direction: Answer the following questions. You may use another sheet of paper for
your answer.

1. What do you think are the implications of parents who usually appreciate or
disapprove their children in any outdoor activity?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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2. Do you think it’s wise to bring children to work, to make up time for the being
together? Why do you think it is sometimes reasonable to do so?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Do you think LGBTQ+ families have no difference when it comes to child rearing
practices and characteristics compared to traditional families? Explain your
answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

REMEMBER

 No matter what race or ethnicity, the family plays an important role in leading
the future generation (children) in values and conduct.
 There are eight (9) characteristics of what makes the family strong. These are,
communication, encouragement, expressing appreciation, commitment,
religious/spiritual orientation, social connectedness, ability to adapt, clear
roles and time together.
 Families can influence adolescents in both positive and negative ways.

POST TEST
A. Choose the correct answer. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following a basic unit of society?

a. The School c. The Family
b. The Barangay d. The Community

2. According to one study, parents who are not always present in the life of the
children because of work and other related situations, do not affect in the
development of the child.
a. The statement is somewhat true.
b. The whole statement is somewhat true.
c. The statement seems contradicting to the research provided.

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 d. none of the above.

3. This characteristic goes to two directions; each family is valued and having a sense
of being in a team.
a. Appreciation c. Ability to adapt
b. Spiritual Orientation d. Commitment

4. It is identified by many researchers as an important component of strong families.

a. Social Connectedness c. Role identification
b. Ability to adapt d. Religious or Spiritual Orientation

5. This pertains to the period in which members of the family bond together and have
each other for one day.
a. Time Together c. Commitment to the family
b. Clear Role d. Spiritual Orientation

6. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

a. Going together for Mass c. Watching a couple’s movie
b. Making dinner together d. Travelling together.

7. It is an important characteristic of family functioning and essential for a family’s

ability to be flexible in changing situations.
a. Time Together c. Ability to adapt
b. Social Connectedness d. Commitment

8. This is described as successful families not being isolated; and therefore, must
always stay linked to each other.
a. Social Connectedness c. Expressing Appreciation
b. Role Identification d. Communication

9. This is delivering a high level of positive reinforcement to family members.

a. Social Connectedness c. Expressing appreciation
b. Encouragement of individuals d. Religions/Spiritual orientation

10. Family members talk to each other; they express honesty and openness with
each other.
a. Communication c. Commitment to the family
b. Encouragement of individual d. Religious or Spiritual Orientation

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 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Name _____________________________________ Grade and Section ___________
School: _______________________ Date: ___________ Subj. Tchr: ______________

Your Unique Family Plan

Direction: Cut out and paste a sample picture of your family and place it on the
space provided. Cite some critical plans or characteristics that make the Filipino
Family strong during trying and challenging times. Use APA style of citation in
providing facts and researches. Write them on the space provided.

Your Family Picture

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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 REFERENCES

Books
Agoncillo, Teodoro A1990) . History of the Filipino People (Eight Edition). Quezon
City: GAROTHECH Publishing.

Andolina, Michael (2001). Critical Thinking for Working Students. U.S.A. :Delmar
Thomson Learning.

Dacey, John et al. (2000). Adolescent Development 3rd Editon. Alliance Press.

Deforges, Charles & Abouchaar, Alberto (2003). The Impact of Parental Involvement,
Parental Support and Family Education on pupil achievement and adjustment: A
Literature Review. ISBN 1 84185 999 0.

Fernandez, Barbara W., Legaspi Estesa Xaris Q., Quiba, Carolyn C., Rafanan, Mae
R., Garcia, Zisa V. (2016). Personal Development for Senior High School . Pasig
City: Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources.

Fiese, Barbara H., Tomcho, Thomas J., Douglas, Michael, Josephs, Kimberly,
Poltrock, Scott & Baker, Tim. (2002.) A Review of 50 Years of Research on
Naturally Occuring Family Routines and Rituals: Cause of Celebration? Journal
of Family Psychology Vol. 16, No. 4, 381-390
Jolly, W., Froom, J., & Rosen, M. G. (1980). The genogram. The Journal of Family Practice,
10(2), 251-5.

Krysan, Maria; Moore, Kristin A.; Zill, Nicholas (1990).Research on Successful

Families. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Assistant Secretary
for Planning and Evaluation.

Ramos, Maricel Ilag.(2016). Moving Up: A Guide to Personal and Career

Development for Senior High School. Quezon City: The Phoenix Publishing
House.

Santos, Ricardo R. (2016). Personal Development. Manila: Rex Bookstore

Publishing.

Wallace, Harold and Masters, Ann L. (2008). Personal Development for Life and
Work. Singpaore: Thomson.

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Internet Sources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genogram

https://www.therapistaid.com/therapy-worksheet/genogram-symbols

https://www.genopro.com/genogram/#:~:text=A%20genogram%20(pronounced%3A%20jen%2D,ps
ychological%20factors%20that%20punctuate%20relationships.

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wider-lens/201906/who-do-you-think-you-are

http://psychology.about.com/od/psychosocialtheories/a/identity-versus-
confusion.htm
http://psychology.about.com/od/socialpsychology/a/attitudes.htm
http://tweenparenting.about.com/od/behaviordiscipline/a/DeflmaginarAudience.
htm
http://twenparenting.about.com/behaviordiscipline/a/DefPersonalFable.htm

ANSWER KEY
Pre-Test Post-Test
1. C 1. C
2. B 2. C
3. A 3. D
4. C 4. D
5. B 5. A
6. C 6. C
7. C 7. C
8. A 8. A
9. B 9. C
10. B 10. A

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 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name ____________________________________________ Grade and Section ___________
School: ______________________ Date: _____________ Subj. Teacher: _______________

Quarter: 2 Module No.: 5 Week No.:

MELC: Prepare a plan on how to make the Family members firmer and gentler
with each other.
Objectives: Prepare a plan for your family to be stronger and firmer to each other.
Topic: Your Family Today

Journal Entry: Your Family Today

Directions: Cut out pictures of your family together and make a short essay of
what they are about. Choose at least 3 pictures to show in the class. And make
captions as you make them

Management and Development Team

Schools Division Superintendent: Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V

Chief Education Supervisor: Aida H. Rondilla
CID Education Program Supervisor: Amalia C. Solis
CID LR Supervisor: Lucky S. Carpio
CID – LRMS Librarian II: Lady Hannah C. Gillo
CID – LRMS PDO II:

Editor/s: Dr. Fructuoso O. Salao (Content)

Irish Mellie U. Nomorosa (Language)

Writer/s: Hernani D. Patches Jr.

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