LIFE & WORKS OF RIZAL 1

 The first program of Rizal in UST was Philosophy and

Letters but later on, he shifted to medicine
 He studied in Ateneo for high school and in UST for
Characteristics of the world in the 1800s college
1) Rise of liberalism  Decided to study in Barcelona, but it’s expensive.
- democracy was becoming a popular idea Transferred to Madrid in Central University
- the concepts of equality of men and upholding of  He went to France to observe eye clinic
human rights, were spreading rapidly in Europe  He enrolled to Germany in University of Heidelberg
- from monarchy to democracy for his ophthalmology
- during the period of liberalism, in the year that Rizal  Miguel De Morayta - Rizal’s favorite teacher
was born (1861), the world experienced many events  September 18, 1891 - published El Filibusterismo
related to the rise of liberalism  Rizal’s exile to Dapitan last June 26, 1892
* EVENTS DURING THIS TIME  July 6, 1892 he was summoned to Malacanang Palace
 Before 1861, Russia followed the serfdom system and charge
wherein private land owners get 1/3 of the harvest  July 14, 1892 he was escorted for exile to Dapitan
from serfs who till their land  Established Farmers Cooperative Association
 But in 1861, their Czae ALexander II, czar abolished  Abaca Trading
the serfdom system in the whole Russian empire  Species named after Rizal: Draco Rizali (flying
 Farmers were no longer under the landlords and can lizard), Rachophorus (frog), Apogonia Rizali (Beetle)
now own lands  Performed 2nd operation on his mother’s eye
 In US, president Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery  George Taufer came for treatment accompanied by
2) Decline of the Spanish empire Josephine Bracken
Reasons:  Firing squad composed of 8 Filipino Soldiers
 Corruption of the colonial government  Before his final execution he requested to face the
 Union of church and state firing squad and spare his head from the bullets
 Unjust treatment of people in the colonies  He shouted “Viva Espana” means “Death to Traitors”

SIBLINGS OF RIZAL
1st Saturnina Rizal
TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA 2nd Paciano Rizal
- mother of Rizal 3rd Narcisa Rizal - third; a teacher and musician
4th Olympia Rizal - died due to childbirth
FRANCISCO MERCADO 5th Lucia Rizal
- father of Rizal 6th Maria Rizal
7th Jose Rizal
Dr. JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO 8th Concepcion Rizal “Concia” - died at the age of 3; it was
REALONDA “pepe” considered that the first heartache of Dr. Rizal is her sister
 June 19, 1861 - rizal was born at Calamba, Laguna 9th Josefa Rizal “Panggoy” - died as old maid at the age of
 June 22, 1861 - he was baptized in the Catholic 80
Church 10th Trinidad Rizal
 Father Rufino Collantes - the parish priest who 11th Soledad Rizal - youngest child
baptized Rizal. He told them, “Take good care of this SHIFTING OF ADDRESS
child, for someday he will become a great man.” - Rizal’s family were relocated to Binondo, Manila because
 He was an ophthalmologist Don Francisco has an argument with Spaniards friars
 Mercado means “market” given by Domingo Lamco - When Jose Rizal returned from Europe, he requested the
(Rizal’s family Paternal Ascendant) Spanish Governor General if the Calamba evictees would
 Paciano told Rizal to use the surname Rizal instead of be allowed to resettle in Sabah Malaysia but the plan did
Mercado to avoid persecution not push through
 The name of his dog (male black) is Usman - When Rizal practiced his medicine in Hong Kong, his
 The story of Moth (Gamo-gamo) told by his Mother mother and his sisters stayed with him there
 “Rizal” means a rice field ready for harvest - He also lived in Dapitan when he got arrested for putting
 He familiarized alphabet at the age of 3 up the La Liga Filipina in 1892.
 He was sent to his mother’s hometown of Binan to - After Rizal’s death and the revolution, Paciano lived in
study under a native maestro, Justiniano Aquino Cruz Los Banos, Laguna
 At the age of 8 he wrote “Sa Aking Mga Kababata” -
ang hindi magmahal sa sariling wika ay mabaho pa sa INVOLVEMENT OF RIZAL’S FAMILY
malansang isda  Paciano Rizal - became a General of the
 He idolized Napoleon Revolutionaries in Calamba
 Rizal dedicated El Filibusterismo to Gomburza  Delfina Herbosa - Daughter of Lucia Rizal, niece of
because Paciano was an eye witness to the execution Jose Rizal, one of the three ladies who sew the first
of Mariano Gomez, Fr. Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora Philippine flag
 Studies Latin, Spanish  Josephine Bracken - wife of Jose Rizal. Joined the
 Earned a title in Ateneo “Perito Agrimensor” KKK after Rizal’s execution. Fought in battles in
Cavite under Emilio Aguinaldo. Was able to kill
Spanish officer.
LIFE & WORKS OF RIZAL 2
RIZAL IN FRANCE
FAMILY SECRETS  Visits Louis de Wecker for practical advances in eye
 Incest in the family -> Soledad was not really from surgery, particularly in cataract.
Dona Teodora, instead she was the daughter of  He also popularized “The Monkey and Turtle”
Saturnina and her uncle Jose Alberto (the brother of
Teodora) RIZAL IN GERMANY
 Priestly connection - Narcisa fell in love to their  Rizal published Noli Me Tangere
neighbor which is the son of a Parish priest  Was published with the help of Maximo Viola
 Attempted murder - when Jose Rizal is 10 yrs old,
Dona Teodora was arrested by Spanish authorities RIZAL IN AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
for the crime of frustrated murder. She allegedly tried  Prof. Ferdinand Blumetritt, they often exchanged
to poison the wife of his brother Jose Alberto. letters and books up to until Rizal’s death; favorite
 Josephine and Jose Rizal live-in pen-pal
 Paciano got into live-in and had a daughter
 Dona Teodora was actually an illegitimate child RIZAL IN BELGIUM
 Published El Filibusterismo with the help of Valentin
Ventura

BEFORE THE COMING OF THE SPANIARDS

 The Philippine was inhabited by Malayans
(brown-skinned people of Southeast Asia)
 They lived in Barangays and is ruled by a Datu, each
Barangay is an independent kingdom, having its own
ruler, set of laws, army, and unique traditions.
 The term “Filipino” was not yet invented

DURING THE SPANISH ERA

 INDIO
- natives of the Island; the malayans
- means: stupid, inferior, barbaric
 PENINSULARES
- spaniards born in Spain or Peninsula
 INSULARES
- born in the Philippines but are native of Spain
- “insula” which means detached sounds like “isla”
land detached from mainland
- insulares means “born in the Islas”

THEN JOSE RIZAL CHANGED THINGS

 He started to call himself “Filipino”
 In his essay “Indolence of the Filipinos” he referred to
the natives as the “Filipinos”
 Jose Rizal’s civic organization, La Liga Filipina has
this objective: “To unite the people of Luzon, Visayas,
Mindanao into one brotherhood, each one realizing
that we belong to one big family, one race, one nation”
this is where he got the nickname “the father of
Filipino nation”
 Andres Bonifacio was moved by the novel of Jose
Rizal.
 Republic Act 1425 says that all college students
must take up a Rizal course. This law was made in the
1950s.
 Senator Claro M. Recto was the main author of this
bill, Senator Jose Laurel as the Committee Chair.
 It was signed into law by President Ramon
Magsaysay on June 12, 1956

RIZAL IN MADRID
 “Illustrados” means “enlightened ones”
 “Triumvirate” Patnugutan ng La Solidaridad
 “brindis” said “genius knows no race” the speech is
considered a direct attack and challenge to the
Spanish regime
LIFE & WORKS OF RIZAL 3
 June 21, 1884 - Jose Rizal completed his Licenciado
en Medicina and finished his studies in Philosopy and
 After Jose Rizal earned his licentiate in medicine his Letter on
next plan was to specialize in - OPHTHALMOLOGY  Maximo Viola - Who lend Jose Rizal the money
 He primarily preferred to do this (specialize in needed for the first 2000 copies of Noli Me Tangere?
ophthalmology) in the cities of - PARIS & BERLIN  5,300 - How much did it costs to print the first 2000
 Arrived in Paris - NOVEMBER 1885 and stayed for 4 copies of the Noli Me Tangere?
months  Touch me not - Noli Me Tangere means
 In Paris he worked as an assistant to - Dr. Louis de  Maximo Viola - Rizal gave the original manuscript of
Weckert Noli.
 Rizal improved his painting technique in - studio of  Berlin - Where did the final revisions of Noli made?
JUAN LUNA  Sa aking mga kababata - What was the title of Jose
 Rizal (as a model) for Juan Luna posed as an - Rizal's very first poem at age seven?
Egyptian Priest in the "Death of Cleopatra"  Maria - A sister of Jose Rizal who married Daniel
Sikatuna in "The Blood Compact" Faustino Cruz of Binan, Laguna?
 He played the flute in - THE HOME OF PARDO DE  Jose P. Laurel - Who is the sponsor of Rizal Bill?
TAVERAS  President Ramon Magsaysay - Who is the sponsor
 He composed - ALIN MANG LAHI & LA of Rizal Bill?
DEPORTACION  Singapore - Jose Rizal first stop over before reaching
 In February 1886, he arrived in - HEIDELBERG Europe
 In Heidelberg he worked as an assistant to - DR.  Andres Bonifacio - Who is the founder of the
OTTO BECKER Katipunan?
 22 - Jose Rizal speak languages  35 - age Rizal died
 Mariano Gomes; Jose Burgos; Jacinto Zamora  Who was Rizal referring to these lines “Farewell,
 10 siblings sweet foreigner - my darling, my delight” - Josephine
 Born in Calamba, Laguna last June 19, 1861 Bracken
 Rizal day is celebrated on December 30  Jose Rizal was arrested because he was implicated in
 Secularization - disassociation or separation from the outbreak of the Cuban revolution? - False
religious or spiritual concerns  What grouped continued to waged a revolution after
 Claro Recto - author of Rizal Law (RA 1425) the disbandment of the La Liga Filipina - Katipunan
 Francisco Mercado - father of Jose Rizal  What ship caried Rizal to Barcelona Spain? - MV Isla
 His yaya - told stories about duwende, ghost, and de Panay
aswangs on the beautiful surroundings of his  What is the motto of the La Liga Filipina? - One like
hometown all
 Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez - the priest who  Who gave the title “Mi Ultimo Adios” to Rizal’s last
inspired Rizal to write poems during his study in poem? - Mariano Ponce
Ateneo  Where was Jose Rizal detained after being brought
 Land surveying - course Jose Rizal took at Ateneo back to the Philippines? - Fort Santiago
 Medicine - course he took at UST  What did Rizal mean in these line “O lovely: How
 Binan Laguna - where he studied Highschool lovely: to fall that may rise! To perish that you may
 A la Juventud Filipina - an entry made by Rizal in live!” - Sacrificing one’s life for the country is a
the Liceo Artistico de Manila where he use the phrase great honor.
“the youth, fair hope of my country” (kabataan ang  Arrange the following order in chronological order:
pag-asa ng aking bayan) 1) Jose Rizal was en route to Cuba
 May 3, 1882 - Jose Rizal first left to study in Spain 2) The outbreak of the 1896 Philippine revolution
 Barcelona - Rizal's first destination in Spain where 3) Detention of Rizal in Fort Santiago
he wrote essays for Diariong Tagalog "Amor Patrio" 4) Execution of Rizal
 Universidad Central de Madrid - At what school did  Why did Rizal friends and family members wanted
Jose Rizal studied Medicine, and Philosophy and him not to go back to the Philippines? - Spanish
Letters in Spain authorities will plot against him due to Noli Me
 Academy of San Carlos - Jose Rizal enrolled in Tangere
Painting and sculpture, and Laguages: French,  What is the title of the poem written by Rizal which
German, and English in this school. reflect his contentment of his life in Dapitan? - Mi
 Circulo Hispano Filipino - Jose Rizal joined an Retiro
organization where the members talked on the  What grouped was organized by Rizal which
reforms needed in the Philippines this group was encourages Filipinos to be proud of their racce? -
mostly made up of elder Filipinos who were the exiles Indios Bravos
of 1872 .  Who disguised as a sailor in order to rescue Rizal
 Dimasalang - Jose Rizal's masonic name was while on board going to Cuba? Emilio Jacinto
 Uncle Toms Cabin - A book about the trial and  How did Rizal help in the improvement of agriculture
hardship of the black slaves that inspired Jose Rizal to in Dapitan? He purchased agricultural tools and
write the Noli Me Tangere taught the farmers in using it.
 Juan Luna - Who painted the Spolarium  Who accompanied Rizal in going back to the
Philippines in June 21, 1892? Lucia
LIFE & WORKS OF RIZAL 4
 They did not approved his relationship with  What grouped continued to support the aims of the
Josephine Bracken because they thought she is a spy? Propaganda movement after the disbandment of the
True La Liga Filipina? Cuerpos Compromisarios
 Which was not emphasized by Jose Rizal in his  How did Rizal describe the revolution in his
December 15, 1896 manifesto? The study of civic December 15, 1896 manifesto? Absurd and
virtue is needed to become worthy of freedom. disastrous
 What was the activity of Rizal and his students in the  After the disbandment of the La Liga Filipina,
subject “nature study”? collecting specimens of members reorganized and the society was split into
flowers, plants, shells, insects, and reptiles. two organizations. Which waged a rebellion from the
 In his work “To the young Women in Malolos” why Spanish colonial regime? Katipunan
did Rizal praise the young women in Malolos? They  Who helped Rizal in the printing of the EL
petitioned the Governor-General for their right to Filibusterismo? Valentina Ventura
be educated.  Where did Rizal plan to establish a colony so that
 Which describes the membership of the La Liga they could be free from the Spaniards? Borneo
Filipina? Membership is open but certain  What are the charges against Rizal? Inciting
requirements and test must be passed. rebellion and illegal association.
 When Dr. Pio Valenzuela confided the plans of the  The funds of the La Liga Filipina were used for:
Katipunan, Rizal viewed the revolution as premature. Purchase of guns and ammunition & Loading of
True capital for members
 What country or place impressed Rizal because of its  What did Rizal give Josephine Bracken before he was
people’s courtesy, cleanliness, and industry? Japan executed? A book - “Imitation of Christ”
 Why did people in Calamba write a petition to the  Which work done by Rizal presented a historical
administrator of public islands of Laguna? To stop review of the Philippines encompassing the period of
the increase in the rents of lands Spanish colonization and emancipation of the
 In his letters on December 30, 1896, to whom did Philippines from Spain? The Philippines: A Century
Rizal apologize for the pain he had caused him/her? Hence
Francisco Mercado  Which work done by Rizal corrected what has been
 Where was Rizal secretly buried after he was falsified and distorted past and culture in the
executed? Paco cemetery Philippines prior to Spain’s colonization as observed
 What caused the disbandment of La Liga Filipina? by the Spaniards? Annotation to the Sucesos de las
Jose Rizal was arrested and exiled to Dapitan. Islas Filipinas
 Who were the intended audience of Rizal in his  How did Rizal earn or acquire surgical instruments
December 15, 1898 manifesto? The revolutionaries and medical books while in Dapitan? By sending
 Which directly caused the deportation of Rizal to specimens to Europe
Daiptan? The La Liga Filipina  What were the pieces of evidence presented against
 Which disgusted Rizal when he visited US of America? Jose Rizal? Accounts about Rizal’s name used as
Discrimination to the Chinese and Negros password and battle cry of the revolutionaries
 When was La Liga Filipina established? July 3, 1892
 how is the La Liga Filipina different from the
Propaganda movement? In the La Liga Filipina, all
Filipinos will work together to improve their lives
and country while in the Propaganda movement,
the illustrados were the only ones working for the
betterment of the Philippines
 Which was not part of Rizal’s intentions in his
December 15, 1896 manifesto? Swear allegiance to
Spain and remain a loyal subject
 Who was the woman whom Rizal had fallen in love
with in Dapitan? Josephine Bracken
 Why did Rizal issue a manifesto in December 15,
1896? Defend himself from the accusation against
him
 What could be inferred from the meeting of Rizal and
Dr. Pio Valenzuela about the plans of the Katipunan?
Jose Rizal declared his allegiance to the Spanish
colonial regime
 Which directly caused the arrest of Rizal? The
outbreak of Philippine Revolution
 Why was Rizal summoned by the governor-general to
Malacanang Palace? To discuss the contents and
implications of Noli Me Tangere
 Why did Rizal leave the Philippines for Europpe in
February 1888? To avoid persecution from the
Spanish authorities
LIFE & WORKS OF RIZAL 5

CORRUPT OFFICIALS
 General Rafael de Izquierdo the one that executes
Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora
 Admiral Jose Malcampo - weak administrator
 General Fernando Primo de Rivera - governor
general for 2 terms; does gambling casinos in mnl
 General Valeriano Weyler - considered as cruel/
“tyrant”; brutal persecution of Rizal’s family
 General Camilo de Polavieja - responsible for Jose
Rizal’s execution

BIRTH OF A HERO
- born on Wednesday; June 19, 1861
- her mother almost died bcos of his big head
- Baptized after 3 days
- Parish priest: Father Rufino Collantes (Batangueno)
- Godfather: Father Pedro Casanas (Calamba)
- born under General Liutenant Jose Lemery

*Removed: Elias and Saloma chapter

Salome