External)assessment)resource)Digital)Technologies)1.10A)V1)for)Achievement)Standard)1.10!

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External!Assessment!Resource!

Digital!Technologies!|!Hangarau!Matihiko!Level!1!
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This!resource!supports!external!assessment!against!Achievement!Standard!
91886!(1.10)!
Standard!title:! Demonstrate!understanding!of!human!computer!
interaction!!
Credits:! 3!credits!
Resource!title:! !
Resource!reference:! Digital!Technologies!|!Hangarau!Matihiko!91886!
(1.10)Version!1!

This!resource!provides:!
●) models!of!common!assessment!tasks.!!
●) a!model!response!that!illustrates!key!aspects!of!the!assessment!
●) a!schedule!
!
Date!version!published!by! 12!December!2017!Version!1!
Ministry!of!Education!
To!support!external!assessment!from!2018!
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External)assessment)resource)Digital)Technologies)1.10A)V1)for)Achievement)Standard)1.10!
PAGE)FOR)TEACHER)USE)
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External!Assessment!Resource!
Achievement!standard:!! 91886!(1.10)!
Standard!title:!! Demonstrate!understanding!of!human!computer!
interaction!!
Credits:!! 3!credits!
Resource!title:!! !
Resource!reference:!! Digital!Technologies!|!Hangarau!Matihiko!!1.10A!
Version!1!

Teacher/Kaiako!Guidelines!

The!following!guidelines!are!supplied!to!enable!teachers/kaiako!to!carry!out!valid!and!consistent!
assessment!using!this!external!assessment!resource.!
Teachers/kaiako!need!to!be!very!familiar!with!the!outcome!being!assessed!by!the!achievement!
standard.!The!achievement!criteria!and!the!explanatory!notes!contain!information,!definitions,!and!
requirements!that!are!crucial!when!interpreting!the!standard!and!assessing!students/ākonga!against!
it.!!

Context/Te!Horopaki! !
This!assessment!activity!requires!students!to!respond!digitally!to!the!material!presented!in!the!
common!assessment!task!to!demonstrate!their!understanding!of!Human!Computer!Interaction.!The!
context!of!this!example!is!an!online!interface.!
!

Conditions/Ngā!Tikanga!
Teaching!and!learning!should!take!place!within!a!collaborative!environment!consistent!with!the!
Nature!of!Technology.!Candidates!should!produce!an!individual!response!to!the!assessment!stimulus!
for!the!purposes!of!summative!assessment.!
The!3!credits!for!the!achievement!standard!indicates!that!approximately!30!hours!needs!to!be!
allocated!for!teaching,!learning!(in!and!out!of!the!classroom)!and!assessment!in!a!programme!of!
study.!!
This!achievement!standard!does!not!assess!writing!style!or!format;!however,!the!response!must!
communicate!the!candidates’!understanding.!You!may!give!students!guidance!on!appropriate!style!
and!format!for!their!response.!
!
Assessment!specifications!for!this!achievement!standard!can!be!found!on!the!NZQA’s!NCEA!subject!
page!

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Submission)of)candidate)responses))
Candidate!responses!must!be!submitted!following!the!school’s!authenticity!verification!
process.!
The!school’s!authenticity!process!must!be!informed!by!Authenticity!requirements!for!non_
examination!external!assessment!»!NZQA.!
Candidate!responses!must!be!uploaded!digitally!on!the!specified!date.!

The)Common)Assessment)Task)
Will!be!made!available!online!at!the!start!of!term!3.!
The!formats!used!in!2018!and!following!years!will!be!similar!to!either!Assessment!Type!One!
or!Assessment!Type!Two.!!
In!each!year,!a!different!interface!will!be!selected.!

Resource)requirements/Ngā)Rauemi)
Students!will!need!access!to!a!range!of!human!computer!interfaces!for!the!purpose!of!
comparison/contrast.!

Additional)information/He)Kōrero)Atu)
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External!Assessment!Resource!
Achievement!standard:!! AS91886!1.10!
Standard!title:!! Demonstrate!understanding!of!human!computer!
interaction!!
Credits:!! 3!credits!
Resource!reference:!! Digital!Technologies!|!Hangarau!Matihiko!!1.10A!
Version!1!

Student/Ākonga!instructions!

Introduction/Kupu!Arataki!
This!assessment!activity!requires!you!to!identify!examples!from!a!given!user!interface,!describe!
the!role!of!the!chosen!user!interface,!evaluate!the!interface,!and!suggest!improvement!in!
terms!of!usability.!Your!response!will!be!assessed!on!how!comprehensively!you!demonstrate!
understanding!of!human!computer!interaction.!
!
!

Teacher!note:!Insert!due!dates!and!timeframes!

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Task/Hei!Mahi!

Model)Assessment)Type)One.)
Respond!to!the!interface!instructions!below.!In!your!response,!you!should!seek!to!Demonstrate*
comprehensive*understanding*of*human*computer*interaction.*
!
Twitter!was!launched!in!2006!and!has!continued!to!evolve!ever!since.!Many!of!the!changes!have!
been!made!to!improve!the!Human!Computer!Interface!(HCI).!
!
Below!is!an!image!of!the!Twitter!homepage!

!
!!!
!
As!a!computer!scientist,!write!a!report!to:!
•) describe!the!purpose!of!the!homepage!
•) Identify!and!evaluate!features!of!the!interface!using!usability!heuristics!!!
•) explain!how!Twitter!has!met!or!violated!!heuristics!!
•) compare!and/or!contrast!the!interface!with!(an)other!related!interface(s)!to!suggest!
improvements.!
!

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Model)Assessment)Type)Two.)
Respond!to!the!interface!questions!below.!In!your!response,!you!should!seek!to!Demonstrate*
comprehensive*understanding*of*human*computer*interaction.*
!
Twitter!was!launched!in!2006!and!has!continued!to!evolve!ever!since.!Many!of!the!changes!made!to!
Twitter!have!been!made!to!improve!the!Human!Computer!Interface!(HCI).!
!
Below!is!an!image!of!the!Twitter!homepage.!As!a!computer!scientist!answer!the!questions!below.!

1.) What!is!the!role!of!this!interface?!
2.) How!do!features!of!the!interface!impact!upon!the!interaction?!
3.) How!do!features!of!the!interface!meet!or!violate!the!requirements!of!usability!heuristics?!
4.) What!changes!to!Twitter!are!suggested!by!comparable/contrasting!features!from!other!
interfaces?!
5.) Why!would!these!changes!be!improvements!to!interaction?!

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Model)response)
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Demonstrate!understanding)of!human!computer!interaction))
•) )
The)role)of)Twitter’s)homepage.)
!
!
Twitter!is!a!website!that!allows!users!to!post!short!messages!called!tweets!and!to!view!
tweets!from!people!or!organisations!that!you!are!interested!in.!Below!is!a!screenshot!of!
a!homepage!

Below!a!description!of!several!
features!related!to!purpose!that!
support!the!purpose!put!forward!by!
the!candidate.!
The!features!described!are!not!
!
! related!to!Heuristics!and!do!not!
The!Twitter!homepage!lets!you!see!lots!of!things.!! evaluate!the!interface!
On!the!left!is!the!user!name!and!Twitter!name.!Below!that!is!the!total!number!of!tweets!
(messages)!posted!by!the!user.!It!would!also!show!how!many!other!people!are!following!
the!user’s!posts.!Next,!as!the!user!has!not!finished!completing!their!profile,!it!is!
encouraging!me!to!do!so.!Below!that!are!trending!hashtags!that!Twitter!thinks!the!user!
might!be!interested!in.!In!the!centre!at!the!top!is!where!I!can!start!to!write!a!post.!It!
expands!once!I!start!typing!and!allows!me!to!add!a!picture!or!video.!Below!is!a!recent!
post!from!the!All!Blacks!who!I!am!following.!Next!are!some!suggestions!of!other!users!
that!Twitter!thinks!I!might!want!to!follow.!If!I!scroll!down!further,!there!is!an!endless!
list!of!tweets!from!people!that!I!follow.!
On!the!right!is!a!list!of!people!or!organisations!that!Twitter!thinks!you!might!be!
interested!in!following.!Below!that!is!a!number!of!links!and!copyright!information!
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At!the!top!is!a!menu!bar!with!a!range!of!other!pages!and!options!that!I!can!do.!
!
Identify)and)evaluate)examples)of)usability)heuristics!"
"
Visibility"of"system"status"
There!are!a!number!of!places!where!you!can!see!the!status!of!Twitter.!It!tells!me!how!
many!tweets!I!have!made!and!how!many!users!I!am!following.!I!worked!out!that!any!
text!in!blue!is!a!link!and!by!clicking!on!the!number!I!can!see!who!I!am!following!and!
unfollow!if!I!wish.!
!
Also,!I!noticed!the!message!“See!7!new!tweets”,!which!let!me!know!I!had!more!tweets!I!
could!view.!
"
Aesthetic"and"minimalist"design"
The!Twitter!homepage!has!a!light!blue!background!and!separates!areas!into!white!
boxes.!The!text!is!easy!to!read,!and!all!of!the!symbols!are!thin!with!helpful!popups!when!
you!hover!over!them.!Twitter!blue!is!used!consistently.!!
"
Help"and"documentation"
There!are!two!sections!–!“Keyboard!Shortcuts”!and!“Help!Center”!–!both!appear!to!be!
very!good.!

!!!!!!!!! "

Examples!accurately!associated!with!heuristics.!The!examples!illustrate!
the!usability!heuristic.!Candidate!does!not!begin!to!evaluate!the!feature!
by!establishing!if!it!conforms!to!or!violates!the!heuristic.!!The!candidate!
has!achieved.!

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"
Visibility"of"system"status"
Twitter!meets!this!heuristic!
There!are!a!number!of!places!where!you!can!see!the!status!of!Twitter.!It!tells!me!how!
many!tweets!I!have!made!and!how!many!users!I!am!following.!I!worked!out!that!any!
text!in!blue!is!a!link!and!by!clicking!on!the!number!I!can!see!who!I!am!following!and!
unfollow!if!I!wish.!
!
Also,!I!noticed!the!message!“See!7!new!tweets”!which!let!me!know!I!had!more!tweets!I!
could!view.!
!
User"control"and"freedom"
Twitter!meets!this!heuristic!
I!like!that!Twitter!does!not!just!automatically!change!my!feed,!rather!I!need!to!click!on!
“See!7!new!tweets”!before!it!updates.!Also,!by!clicking!on!the!following!button!I!can!
unfollow!someone!I!am!following.!!
!
Consistency"and"standards"
Twitter!does!NOT!meet!this!heuristic!
When!I!went!looking!to!change!my!settings,!I!could!not!find!the!cog!or!burger!symbol!to!
make!changes.!
! Examples!!below!accurately!associated!with!
heuristics.!The!examples!illustrate!the!
usability!heuristic.!Candidate!evaluates!the!
features!by!establishing!if!it!conforms!to!or!
violates!the!heuristic.!The!evaluation!is!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! supported!with!consistent!detail.!The!
candidate!has!achieved!with!merit!!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!Both!images!from!Wikipedia!
Instead,!you!need!to!click!on!the!picture!of!the!person’s!head!and!shoulders!you!can!see!
above!to!the!left!of!the!word!“Tweet”.!To!make!it!worse,!the!same!picture!is!used!to!the!
left!of!“What’s!happening”.!If!you!click!on!this,!it!does!NOT!take!you!to!the!settings.!In!
the!menu!that!appears!when!you!click!on!the!head!and!shoulders,!the!icon!for!settings!is!
still!not!present,!just!the!text!“Settings!and!privacy”.!
!
Also,!there!is!a!clickable!blue!twitter!bird!you!can!see!on!the!above.!When!I!first!clicked,!
it!appeared!to!do!nothing.!I!only!found!out!later!it!takes!you!back!to!the!top!of!the!page!
you!are!on.!
!
Error"prevention"
Twitter!does!NOT!meet!this!heuristic!
You!can!see!below!that!I!tweeted!“Having!a!good!day”!but!unfortunately!I!spelt!the!word!
“Having”!as!“haviong”!by!mistake.!
!
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!
!
It!did!have!a!red!line!under!the!word!when!I!typed!it!that!I!did!not!notice.!There!was!no!
message!asking!me!to!confirm!I!wanted!to!post!the!message!with!a!spelling!mistake!and!
there!is!no!ability!to!edit!my!tweet!to!fix!–!all!I!can!do!is!delete!the!tweet.!
!
!
Recognition"rather"than"recall"
Twitter!partly!meets!this!heuristic!
The!menu!bar!makes!use!of!common!symbols!for!home,!notifications,!messages!and!
search.!It!also!highlights!which!page!I!am!currently!on!–!in!this!case!Home.!
!
!
Moments!is!not!a!common!page,!so!they!have!come!up!with!the!lightning!symbol.!This!
seems!like!a!strange!choice,!as!normally!lightning!is!used!for!the!camera!flash.!I!might!
understand!if!it!took!me!to!a!photo!gallery,!but!it!seems!to!just!be!a!link!to!tweets!by!
category.!
!
I!have!already!discussed!under!consistency!and!standards!issues!with!the!profile!and!
settings!icon.!!
.Flexibility"and"efficiency"of"use"
Twitter!partly!meets!this!heuristic!
It!is!easy!to!post!a!tweet!and!find!people!to!follow.!However,!if!I!search!for!herald!the!
first!option!is!the!Sydney!Morning!Herald,!not!the!NZ!Herald.!It!should!give!me!results!
geographically!closest!to!me!first.!
!
Also,!when!I!created!my!account,!I!got!this!screen:!

!
I!have!searched!and!cannot!find!a!way!back!so!I!can!get!my!interests!added!by!category.!
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Aesthetic"and"minimalist"design"
Twitter!meets!this!heuristic!
The!Twitter!homepage!has!a!light!blue!background!and!separates!areas!into!white!
boxes.!The!text!is!easy!to!read,!and!all!of!the!symbols!are!thin!with!helpful!popups!when!
you!hover!over!them.!Twitter!blue!is!used!consistently.!!
!
Help"users"recognize,"diagnose,"and"recover"from"errors"
Twitter!partly!meets!this!heuristic!
As!mentioned!previously,!if!you!don’t!choose!what!you!are!interested!in!when!joining!
Twitter,!there!is!no!apparent!way!to!go!back!and!do!this!later.!If!there!is,!it!is!not!easy!to!
diagnose!and!find.!
!
Also,!as!mentioned!previously,!there!is!no!way!to!edit!a!tweet!once!made.!You!have!to!
delete!and!tweet!again.!This!might!not!be!suitable!if!others!have!already!read!and!liked!
or!commented!on!your!tweet.!
!
I!was!following!stuff.co.nz.!When!I!clicked!on!unfollow,!it!did!not!just!disappear,!rather!it!
stays!so!you!can!click!on!follow!again!if!you!clicked!on!unfollow!by!mistake.!
!
Help"and"documentation"
Twitter!meets!this!heuristic!
There!are!two!sections!–!“Keyboard!Shortcuts”!and!“Help!Center”!–!both!appear!to!be!
very!good.!

!!!!!!!!! !

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•) Compare)and/or)contrast)the)interface)with)(an)other)related)interface(s))
to)suggest)improvements.)
•) )
Suggestion"one"D"Consistency"and"standards"
Twitter!have!combined!profile!and!settings!into!a!single!button.!This!is!not!consistent!
with!other!sites.!They!should!either!separate!them!into!two!different!buttons,!one!for!
profile!and!one!for!settings,!or!they!could!keep!them!combined!but!use!the!burger!icon!
to!access!profile!and!setting!then!have!the!cog!icon!appear!in!this!list.!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!
Above!is!a!screenshot!of!Firefox:!you!can!see!it!has!the!burger!icon!for!the!menu!and!the!
cog!to!take!you!to!options!
"
Suggestion"two"D"Error"prevention"
There!are!two!things!Twitter!could!do!to!fix!this:!
!
When!you!go!to!post!the!tweet,!if!a!spelling!or!grammar!error!is!detected,!it!should!ask!
you!if!you!are!sure,!explain!the!error,!and!offer!a!suggestion.!To!maintain!“User!control!
and!freedom”,!there!should!be!an!option!to!turn!this!feature!off!or!on.!
!
Also,!they!could!add!an!“Edit”!button!so!people!can!edit!their!tweets!instead!of!having!to!
delete!and!tweet!again.!!
!
Twitter!is!on!the!left,!and!Facebook!is!on!the!right.!You!can!see!that!with!Facebook,!you!
have!the!option!to!edit!a!post!you!have!made.!Twitter!should!add!this!function!to!
improve!error!prevention.!
! Suggests!
improvements!

!!!!!!!!!!! !
!
!
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Suggestion"three"D"Flexibility"and"efficiency"of"use"
To!fix!the!problem!that!you!cannot!go!back!and!choose!the!categories!you!are!interested!
in!“Following”,!there!should!be!an!option!to!choose!categories.!

!
I!created!a!Facebook!account!and!when!setting!it!up!it!asked!me!to!add!friends!based!on!who!it!
thought!might!be!people!I!know.!
! Compares/contrasts!
the!interface!to!
another!interface!to!
suggest!
improvements.!
Achieved!with!
Excellence.!
!

!! !
!
I!skipped!that!step!but!when!in!Facebook!I!was!easily!able!to!get!to!a!similar!screen.!You!can!see!
some!of!the!suggestions!are!the!same!!
!
Twitter!should!allow!the!same!flexibility!it!has!when!setting!up!an!account!for!users!once!they!have!
completed!setup,!the!same!as!Facebook!does.!

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Assessment'schedule/Mahere'Aromatawai''
Demonstrates*understanding*of*Human* Demonstrate*in5depth*understanding*of* Demonstrate*comprehensive*understanding*
Computer*Interaction* Human*Computer*Interaction' of*Human*Computer*Interaction**
' ' '
The*candidate:* The*candidate:** The*candidate:*
1.! The*candidate*has*described*the* 1.! understands*the*purpose*of*the* 1.!*understands*the*purpose*of*the*interface*
role*(purpose)*of*the*interface* interface** selects*examples*form*other*interfaces*that*
(Twitter’s*homepage.)* 2.! understands*how*features*from*the* illustrate*the*interfaces’*conformity*or*
2.! The*candidate*has*given*sufficient* interface*conforms*to*or*violates*a* violation*of*heuristics*
accurate*examples*of*features*from* heuristic* 2.!suggests*an*improvement(s)*to*the*
the*interface*that*illustrate**** 3.! gives*relevant*accurate*examples*of* interface*that*are*consistent*with*the*
usability*heuristics*to*demonstrate* features* analysis*in*2*above*
their*understanding.* 4.! explains*the*impacts*these*(3*above)* 3.!explains*the*benefit*to*the*interface*of*
' have*on*the*interface.** these*changes.*
* *
' '

'
Final'grades'will'be'decided'using'professional'judgement'based'on'a'holistic'examination'of'the'evidence'provided'against'the'criteria'in'the'Achievement'
Standard.'

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