NUMERICAL PROBLEMS: Q.L. State which of the following are scalars aud which are vectors. Gd) Weight @) Calorie 3) Specific heat (4) Momentum & (5) Density (©) Energy g (1) Volume (8) Distance 7 oe: ) Speed 10) nag Ins (41) Entropy (12) Work % (13) Centrifugal force (15) Gravitational potential (17) Shearing stress (9) Kinetic energy Solution: 7 SCALARS @ 8 VECTORS 1) Specific heat 1) Weight _ 2) Calorie 2) Momentum & Z 3) Magnetic field intensity | 4) Cenirifugal force 5) Shearing stress FH 6) Eleciric field intensity 10) Teraperature 11) Gravitational pi 12) Charge 13) Frequency 14) Kinetic Energy www.educationinkarachi.orgQ.2, Find the resultant of the following displacements: A =20km 30° south of east, B = 50km due west. C =40km north east. D =30km 60° south of west 0 = 21.65? south of west R=2,08em x 10 Magnitude 20.9km. direction 21.65° south of west [Ans. An aeroplane flies 400 km due west from city A to city By then 300km north east fo clty C, and finally 100m north to eity D. How for is it from city A to 1? In what direction must fhe aeroplane had to return directly to city A Q3. from city D? eZ Wee = North of West, and for return journey @ = 38° East of South R= 7.6 em x 50=380km www .educationinkarachi orgQ.4, Show graphically that:— LHS. SELF TEST (1) e QS. Given vector A,B,C and D as shown in figure o Construct (a) 44-3B-(@6+B) Q.6. The following forces act on pal Se Fy =i-2j+4k, Fa iaiak, measured in Newton, fi the resultant force (b) the magnitide of the resuliant force. Solution: (@) Determination Pesstant force. - | (b) Determination of the magnitude of resultant force. ats j- E+E +E 3 j-5h) + (“514 i Sk soon ain ls Fl = (2)? + (1)? + (Oy? 2 je4h) (41-328) l=vey= Cr+ Gi aie3j-Sk Sie je dee i Fj=varieo isakeai-a po | www.educationinkarachi.org0.7. WA -2b fai B S- 214 4]-an.Cai 42]- Ke. find (ay B13C fh) [ede (a) amit vector parallel to 3A- 2 Data: eae A ivi-4x a as Be-2)+4)-3k ara Cait2j-k. To Find: (a) 24-B+C =< (b) Kene+d=? i (apa-28+4 aL (a) a unit vector parallel to ah-2B44C=? * Solution: > @) 2A-Be3e & = 2031 j-4k) 4-3) + Mia2j-k 2A- Bex St gke2i-4j4 (c) bA-2B+4q] labs > - Red (HOCH nar ISG =V93 (©) SELF TEST (2) 3A-2B44€ =171—-3}-10k 5 V398 A+B+C (d) Unit vector parallel to Let 3A-2B+4C =D oy eae D 3A-2B+4C will be = : Pl et ~ kp 4 educationinkarachi.orgSELF TEST (3) , Three vectors A,Band C are such that en ire Aadisdj-k Beolsj-k Geasi-2}4+k Find (a) unit vector parallel oA (6) Unit vector parallel ob (o) unit vector parallelio2A-B (2A -3B +0 oO 2B Le (g) be ree pa 2 ‘Ans. wo Rit ei ek to) i zi (@) 3 49j42k Ui +g+kO ee Q.8. ‘Two tugboats are towing a ship, each oi of 6000 N and the angle between the ropes is 60°. Calculate ant force on the ship. Given Data: te | 6000 N a tah Karachi, a = 60" it; 0321-2622769 To Finds IRl- Solution: JF = £0392.305 N]Ans. www.educationinkarachi.org SELF TEST (4) Tipo tugbouts are towing a ship, each exerts u force of 4.5KN, with an angle of |, 50° between the ropes. Calculate the resultant force.Q9. ‘The ey vectors of points P and Qare given by, =li+ M- and = ~3}+2k. Determine PQin terms of eectangalay, unit vectors i j and & and find its magnitude. i —e 2is3j-k =4liste 2k Given Data: 0) 0g To Find: Fo Solution: According to head to tail rule @ OF ¥ PQ -00 SELF TEST (5) The position vectors of points P and Q are tien by, fie =2 isa] k and 1 dk , and fird its magnitude. Aa ok a4f-3 542k. Determine QP i in terms of rectarigular unit vectors! , j ani fAns. -21+ 6] - 3k. 7]Q.10, Prove that the vectors A =3i+j-2k, B=-i+3j+4k and i-2j-OK, can form the sides of z triangle. Find the length of the mediané of the triangle. Giver: Data: Ba-i+3j+4k C=4i-2}-6k B+C4A - => These vectors can form a-A (Triangle) ' There aré three medians i.e. PM, QV Ms | For 1st median: From fig PMi, PQ + QM, PM, B+ www.educationinkarachi.org SELF TEST (7) For 3rd medianQ.11. Find the rectangular components of a vector A, 15 unit long when it forms an angle with respect.to +ve x-axis of 50°. Given Data: Solution: =. [A] =15 unit A,=A Cos 8 S t= 50° A, = 15 Cos 50° a To Find: |Ax = 9,641 Unit) Ans. gs Ay=A Sind % «& A, = 15 Sin 50° Ay Ay= 15 x 0.766 8 [Ay = 11,490 Unit SELF TEST (8) | Pind the rectangular co | angles uf 130°, 230° anné 3 www.educ vector A along X-axis - Resolving Into rectangular components: Fi Ay =A Sin 0, Ay= 10 Sin 0° + Ay= 100) Ac= 10m er) Ae0. Resolving vector B into rectangular components: B.-BCos@2 . — *By=Bsin @ Br = & Cos 60° . B, = 8 Sin 60° B,=8x0.5 .. “By=8 x 0.866 B, = 6.928 cm.Resuicant along x-axis: oR Res Are ono A= 10cm, B= Sem, 0= 60° R= 10-4 : |A-Bl=? d=? Rew Gort 2 oo a. aeons |A-By =JA’+B’ -2AB ca) Resultane along y-axis: aa mee = fi +8 — 21008) Coser RSA By eat = ere TY Ry=0-6.92 - =V164—80 Ry= 6.93 om =V4 = 9.160m. Magnitude of resultant vector: IR] = v36+48.02 [Rl = vEaOF cma °.@ ER] =9.166em| Ww ° | ORR=9.2cm > [fa] -92en | Ans. www.educationinkarachi.org | SELF TEST (9) , Mens and 8 cin angles of 90 and 120°. Hind the ference and the angle with respect io the larger vector. i Two magnitide o|11 0.14 The angle between the vectors A and i is 60°, Given that |A|=|B} = 1, ‘ Caleulate (a) |B-A| (b) [B+A]. 4 ‘| Given Data: it \z)-Ww.educationinkarachi.org [BI=1 . 8 = 60° Lone fs (a) [B-Al=? (b) i+ A=? To Find: Solution: \b -al - (B-A).B-A) KAslAL ae 3.8 =[p) «8; (b-al-yer 28. va (a) (b) = fal +}? +208.A) B.A=[BIA|Cose “B+ A= (AD + (BD +2/A |B) Cose |= Jay + (1)? + 20)0)Cos 60° IB+ALb DEODIUTE awigey rt ur onewer ete went oroe CLCEN IR | SELF TEST (10) Tho-sngle between the vectors A and B is 30°, given that Calculate (a) A+B] (b) [A.B] Ans, 4.83, 1.615 Q.i4. A car weighing’ 10,000N on a hill, makes an angle of 20° with izontal. Find the components of car’s weight parallel and perpendicular to the road? : @. Giver Data: W = 10,000N - 6 = 20° To Find: @y Wo=? fb) Wie? Solution: ~ (a) The component of the weight of ¢ S, to the road is Wi = WSine &} Wy = 10,000 Sin 208 Ss i 16,000 x G ay 3420 Ni , (b) The component haweveight of car perpendicular to the road is Qus. Fi ingle between A= 2/+2}-hand B= 61-3}+2h- (1992) Giver ate2j-£ B= 6i+3j+2k To Find: e@-2 www.educationinkarachi.orgSolution: A.B Therefore We know that dot product R % AB Cos 0 a ae Where ‘A is the required angle between A andB. & AB AB MP aie, Aa (2142 5-£).G1-3j+2k) = 12 6C} dace ke) ay 2 fe , Putting the Equation (1) \ | | edie 6)0) { “4s cs! = BG) Cosd = 0.190 @ = Cos" (0.190) @ = 79° Ans. www.educationinkarachi.org| Q.6. Find the projection of the vector A = i- 2]}+konio the direction of yeetor (2013) “w* Baginaje7t. Given Data: To Find: Solution: To find unit vector of B, } Projection of Projection of " fe2jek 4i-4j+7k B Projection of A onto B=? Projection of A onto B = A. pl- BBB i= or oCar Oy ll visser Bl- “ar B= 8SELF TEST (11) Three vectors A,Band are such shat. Reale j-2k Ba-tvaj rake SS suca oh UA C=41-2]-6k & Find ao _ “() A.B (b) B.C (0) A.C ve Su @ (a) Angle between AandB —_(¢) Angle between Band QM Angle between snd (g) projection of Aon to Y (h) projection of BontoC —_@) projection of Ao Q.17 Find the angles a, B and y which the vector A ai 6}+2h makes with the positive x, y and z axis respectively. Solution: | \Al= fA SAISAL % | VOY +C6y roy B = Cost(-0.857) B= _14"] Ans. a ‘| 7 Www.educationinkarachi.org ¥ = _Cos0.285) y= 7339° | Ans.| @.18 Find the work done in moving an object along a vector += 3i+2j-5K if the | applied force is F=2i-j-k. Given Data: r = 3f+2)-5k | Foe-2i-j-é To Find: w=? Solution: : According to the definition of dot product. Woo Fer N in moving an object through a in the direction of motion; and (b) the rection of motion. Find the rate at which the velocity is 2m/sec. Q.19. Find the work done by a for distance of 45m when: (a) the 1 force makes an angle of 40° the force is working at a time wh Given Data: F = 30,000 ey d= 45m @5 7 2m/ (@) 8 DIS To Find: i. @ P -B 1 (b) Solution: Fed SFd Cosh... ZW" (30,000)(45) Cos 0?» Cos 0° = (W = _1,35,0000 joules] Ans. P P P P @ = FV = FVCosd = — (30,000)(2) Cos 0° = 60,000 x 1 ee iP 60000 watts} Ans.Ue (by FdCos0 | (30,000)(45) Cps 40° 1350000 x 0.766 = 1034100 jouies. ] Ans. ) FV xX i 9 = (30,000\(2) Cos 40° e @ 60,000 x 0.766 60,000 x 0.766 ; . P= 45960 watts.| Ans. ¢> Q.20. Two vectors Aand Bare such that [A |=3, {5 |: ry BS, finds (a) the angle between A and B a (b) the length|A+B| and |A-B| (011 F) (©) the angle between (A+B) and (A-B ry (2008) Given Data: es o AY To Find: @ Ss (a). Angle betwecd A: andi =? (by [A+B] and |A-B () jand (A-B)=? Solution: aye We kno jot produet (a) AB Cos 0 angle between A andB oA [ABI where ‘9 is the pega s i XS) “8 9 =Cos '(- 0.416) anf 6 = 114.62]. Ans. ; (hy [AL = VAL then l-B-Va 8 (A+B) I A.B+B.A +Bp sae x educationinkarachi,or;oie . gro? eo polls ntl whe ee pete prot neat ysis. enon coca 4 & & a e908 \ ia gste a s S24 & : La 5 e 13 a F & wa ci 1< a ie = 5 : Bo8 a =[B) aa ok 4] 8.5 1 aM tN ns TARR. ia @ rie arCos A = oe a Find the magnitude of ha and|A + al (3.87) (5.91) Coso = 2 125, 79] Ans. 22.8717 8 = Cos"(-0.306) oe www.eflucationinkara rg 107.8° |Ans.. O.2 | os ; Ze Q2. A =2i 2B B = i+4j-2 c= Find (a) A x 52 Solution: pee i <2 (ay Ax B =)2 ss t za re 3 = i site =1/,4/2 Ax a5 thas He eon pas HK) ACI) = ieee ie ) Ax B =10i+3j+11 (bh) BA = oo mis pas, Gees= BEES o25-= gots =a QoS 27225 SSS Sat>a Soe Bros aS oe oa R8gis e225 ree maeF2ay jg43)4 C271) i s eae RES es (A+B) x (A-B) =-201-6j-22k Ans. Q.22. Determine the unit vector perpendicular to the p 21-6]-3n and B=41+3j-k. 2011) Given Data: Ay A=tisjai ay Bealesi-i. ry To Find: : ~ Unit vector perpendicular to the plane B=? Solution: ®, Let € be a vector which is perpe to the plane of A and B then. then C = Axi 9S 2 f A Soe 252 Fe 2448 562 7B Seen S20. ZB, S352 k eo 244% Now, S3ts F, PO oie ¥225 + 100+ 900 4122 : . . 5 www.educationinkarachi.org |= ile 35 oe i ae Unit vector perpendicular to the plane of & and B = C = © ' K ial & « a | 10} 30k @ = $2110), 30k 353535 Ans.