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Matrices

A matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers organized into rows and columns. The order of a matrix is defined as the number of rows multiplied by the number of columns. There are several types of matrices including row matrices, column matrices, square matrices, rectangular matrices, zero matrices, diagonal matrices, unit matrices, and the transpose of a matrix is obtained by interchanging its rows and columns.

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16 views10 pages

Matrices

A matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers organized into rows and columns. The order of a matrix is defined as the number of rows multiplied by the number of columns. There are several types of matrices including row matrices, column matrices, square matrices, rectangular matrices, zero matrices, diagonal matrices, unit matrices, and the transpose of a matrix is obtained by interchanging its rows and columns.

Uploaded by

Krystal Edlyn John
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATRICES

A matrix is a rectangular arrangement of


numbers in rows and columns.
• Plural of matrix is matrices
• Every number in the matrix is called element
• Horizontal lines are called rows and vertical lines are called columns
Order of a matrix
• Order of a matrix = number of rows x number of columns
• If m is the number of rows, n is the number of columns then the order of
the matrix is mxn
• order of the matrix is 2x2
The matrix is of order 2x3, 2 rows and 3 columns
We read it as 2 by 3
Types of matrices
1. Row matrix: A matrix which has only one row is called row matrix.
Eg:
This matrix has order 1x2
2. Column matrix: A matrix which has only one column is called column
matrix
Eg:
The order of the matrix is 2x1
3. Square matrix: A matrix which has an equal number of rows and columns
is called square matrix.
Ex:
The order of the matrix is 2x2
4. Rectangular matrix: A matrix which the number of rows is not equal to the
numbers of columns is called rectangular matrix.
Eg:
The order of the matrix is 2x3
5. Zero or Null matrix: A matrix in which each element is zero is called
zero matrix

6. Diagonal matrix: a square matrix which has all its elements zero except
the leading diagonal is called diagonal matrix.
7. Unit or Identity matrix: A diagonal matrix in which the leading diagonal is
1 is called identity matrix. All the other elements are zero
Transpose of a matrix
A matrix obtained on interchanging rows and columns. It is denoted as A
Equality of matrices
Two matrices are said to be equal if:
1. Both the matrices have the same order
2. The corresponding elements of both the matrices are equal
A= B=
Additive inverse

Ex: A=
The additive inverse of matrix A = -A=

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