Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8

Current Electricity & Circuit

dq
(i) Current flow, I = q / t or I = [q = charge flowing through the cross-section of a conductor in
dt
time t]
(ii) Current flow, I = n Ave. [A=cross-sectional area of the conductor, n=numbers of electrons per
unit cross-sectional area, e=charge of an electron, v=drift velocity of electron]
Problem :
1. 20A current is flowing through a conductor of cross – sectional area 5mm 2 . If the numbers of
electrons per cubic meter is 2  108, then what is the drift velocity of electron ?
Solution:
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

We know, I = n Ave  20 = 2  108  5  10-6  v 1.6  10-19
v = 1.25  1017 ms-1. (Ans.)
Problems to solve :
1. If 90  1018 electrons flow through any portion of a wire in 10 sec then find out the current
flowing through the wire. (Ans. : 1.44A).
2. 10 A current flows through a conductor of area of cross – section 1mm 2. If drift velocity of the
electrons is 6.25  10-3 ms-1 then find the no. of electrons per m 3. (Ans. : 1028).

OHM’S LAW, RESISTANCE, CONDUCTANCE, EMF

1 1
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

(i) Current= potential difference / resistance or, I = V (ii) R =  ,
R conduc tan ce G
(iii) Rt = Ro (1+t) [Rt & Ro are resistance of a conductor at t˚C & 0˚C,  = temperature co –
efficient of resistance]
(iv) If Specific resistance of a conductor of length L and cross-sectional are A is , resistance of
L
the conductor, R =  .
A
(v) If w amount of work is done to move q amount of charge along an electric circuit from one
point to another point in the circuit, electromotive force E = w
q
(vi) If electromotive force of a cell is E, one portion V1 = IR of it is used to maintain the flow of
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

electrons through the outer resistance and the other portion V2 = Ir is used for the charge flow
through the cell. E = V1 + V2 = IR + Ir = I (R + r).
V2
(vii) Power, P = = I2R
R
(viii) Various electronic equipments are so small that it is not possible write its resistance’s value
on it. Instead, bands of different colors are used. Four colors are present in the bands.

COLOUR CODE OF RESISTANCE

1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

A B C T
Resistance , R = AB  10C [T=tolerance]
Sunrise–2
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
Colour Code Multiplier Tolerance
Black 0 1
Brown 1 101
Red 2 102 2%
Orange 3 103
Yellow 4 104
Green 5 105
Blue 6 106
Violet 7 107
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Gray 8 108
White 9 109
Gold 10 1010  5%
Silver 11 1011  10%
No colour band - -  20%
Problem 1:
A resistance is coded with red, green, blue and silver bands. Find the value of the resistance.
Solution : R = 25  106  10% (Ans.).
Problem 2:
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

If a resistance of 8 is connected to a electric cell of 2V emf externally, then the potential
difference between its two ends is 1.8V. Determine the internal resistance of the cell.
1.8
Solution : I = V = = 0. 225 A ; Again, E = I (R + r)
R 8
 2 = 0.225 (8 + r)
r = 0.889 (Ans.).
Problem 3:
Resistance of a copper wire at 20C is 3.42. What will be its resistance if the temperature is
increased to 100C? [ Cu = 0.00393].
Solution : We know, Rt = RO (1 + t).
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

 R20 = Ro (1 + 0.00393  293) Ro = 1.59 .
Again, R100 = Ro (1 + 0. 00393  373) = 3.92  (Ans.).
Problem 4:
A heater consumes 1kW of power. If its wire is stretched to double of its previous length, what
will be the amount of power consumed?
Solution :
2
2 2 r1 l2 2 2 2 1 2
Volume of wire, v1 = v2  πr1 l1 = πr2 l2  = = 2  r1 = 2r2  r2 = r1
2 l1 2
r2
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

R1=ρl1/A1 ; R2=ρl2/A2; ... R1/R2=l1A2 / l2A1=l1r22 / l2r12=1 / (2x2) = 1/4 => R2/R1=4
P = V2/R  Pα 1/R [assuming supply voltage is fixed]
  P2R2=P1R1 => P2=P1R1/R2 = 1/4kW (Ans.)
Sunrise–3
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
Problems to solve :
1. 2.5 A current is flowing through a conductor. Determine the amount of charge flowing through it
in 1 min. (Ans. : 150 C).
2. A copper wire of 15 is stretched so that it length becomes double and cross-sectional area
becomes half. What is its final resistance? (Ans. 60  )
3. If resistance of a wire of diameter 0.12mm and length 0.44m is 15 , determine its specific
resistance. (Ans. : 38.5  10-8  - m)
4. A resistance is coded with yellow, orange red and golden colored bands. Determine the maximum
and minimum value of resistance. (Ans. : 4515 , 4085 ).
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

5. Determine the current if the emf and internal resistance of a cell are 1.5v and 2  respectively. The
cell is connected with a wire of 6  resistance. (Ans. : 0.1875 A).
6. 12  resistance is connected to any circuit, the current flow decreases in the ratio 5 : 3. What was
the initial resistance of the circuit ? To get half of the original resistance, what amount of
resistance should be added ? (Ans. : 18  and 6 ).
Combination of resistance and cell
(i) If R1, R2, R3, …. , Rn resistances are connected in series, their equivalent resistance R S = R1 +
R2 + R3 + …. +Rn
(ii) If R1, R2, R3, …. , Rn resistances are connected in parallel and their equivalent resistance is
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

1 1 1 1 1
Rp,    
R P R1 R 2 R3 Rn
(iii) Current distribution in parallel combination:
R1
I1
I
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

I
R2 R2
According to the figure, I1 = . I. and I2 = I.
R1  R 2 R1  R 2
(iv) Combination of cells :
nE
(a)If n electric cells are connected in series, circuit current Is =
nr  R
mE
(b)If m electric cells are connected in parallel , circuit current Ip =
mR  r
mnE
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

(c)If in a combination number of rows is m and each row has n cells then, Im =
mR  nr.
(d)For maximum flow of current, mR = nr.

Sunrise–4
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
Problem 1:
E. M. F and internal resistance of a cell are 2v and 0.5. If it is connected to 3 resistances of 1.5,
2 and 4 in series, what is the potential difference across the middle resistance ?
Solution : RS = R1 + R2 + R3 = 1.5 + 2 + 4 = 7.5.
E 2
Again, I =  = 0.25 .
R S  r 7 .5  0 .5
Potential difference across middle resistance V2= IR2 = .252= 5.63 V (Ans.)
Problem 2: If the e . m. f and internal resistance of a cell are 1.5V and 0.2  respectively, a 0.4A
current can flow through an external resistance connected to a combination where 4 cells of this
type are connected in series. Determine the resistance and potential difference across the external
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

resistance.
nE 4  1 .5
Solution : I =  0 .4   R = 14.2 .
nr  R 4  .2  R
Again V = IR = 0.4  14.2 V = 5.8V. (Ans.).
Problem 3: E. M. F and internal resistance of a cell are 3v and 4 respectively. Two wires of
resistance 10 and 15 are connected in parallel and then another wire of 20 is connected in
series with this combination. If this combination is connected to two ends of the cell, what will be
the current flow and potential difference across the resistance 20 ?
Solution :
10
1 1 1 3+2 3V
Solve: =
Rp 10 15
+ =
30  I = = 0.1A (Ans). > > 20
30
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

> 15 > >
 Rp = 6 Potential difference across the > >
  Rs = 6+20 = 26 20resistance, ^
Again, R= RS + r= 26+4=30 V = .1  20 <
V= 2V (Ans.).
Problem 4:
Five 1resistances are connected as below. What is the equivalent resistance between nodes A
and B?

A D E B
C F
Solve: nodes A,D; C,F and E,B are shorted, therefore node A=node D; node C= node F and node E =
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

node B. Equivalent circuit-
A A B B
C C
Two 1resistances are in parallel between nodes A and C. Two 1resistances are in parallel
between nodes B and C. Equivalent circuit and simplifications are given below-
C
1
0.5
1 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 B A B
A
1
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

1
A 1 B A B
Ans : 0.5
Try yourself : Shahjahan Tapan  2, 13, 9, 10 ; Tofajjal Hossain  9 , 13.

Sunrise–5
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
[

KIRCHHOFF’S LAW
st
1 law (KCL) :
Algebraic sum of currents at any junction of an electric circuit is zero. I = 0.
I4 I1

I3 I2
According to this law, in the above figure, I1 + I3 – I2 – I4 = 0  I1 + I3 = I2 + I4
2nd law (KVL) :
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

The algebraic sum of the products of resistances and the corresponding currents in different
branches of the circuit is equal to the total E. M. F of the circuit. E = IR.
How to apply Kirchhoff’s second law:
(i)Firstly, the direction of current flow through each wire is assumed randomly.
(ii)For each resistance, its terminal at which current enters is marked +ve and the other terminal is
marked –ve.
I R

+ –
(iii) +ve and –ve signs are given at the positive and negative terminals of a cell respectively.
–
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

+

(iv) In a closed circuit, values with the first signs or latter signs of all elements are taken to write
the circuit equation.
C –4  +   In, the figure, along path ABCDA,
B
– + + 2I + 4I + 10–5 = 0
I I 5
I=– A
6
D + – – + A
So, the actual direction of current is opposite to the
10V 5V
direction assumed before. So the current flows
along ADCBA path.
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Problems to solve :
1. A cell having emf of 2V and internal resistance of 2 is connected to two resistances 5 and 10
in parallel. Determine the current produced from the source and the current flowing through each
resistance. (Ans. : 0.375A, 0.25A, 0.125A).
2. In the following diagram, E1 = 2v, E2 = 4v, r1 = 1 , r2 = 2 and R = 5. Determine the current
flow applying kirchoff’s law. (Ans. : 0.25A).

E1=2V E2=4V
R1=1 R2=2
 
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

R=5

Sunrise–6
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8

WHEAT STONE BRIDGE

This is a Wheatstone bridge. If the four
B
Q
P

A I
I
3 C
resistances of the bridge are P,Q,R & S, the
1
G I
2 P R
I
2 condition for equilibrium is =
R k2 S Q S
I ^ D

Rh

< <
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

1 1 1
If the equivalent resistance of P,Q,R and S is R P,   .
RP P  Q R  S
Problem 1:
Four resistances 6, 3, 4 and 6 are connected to the four arms of a Wheatstone bridge. What
resistance should be connected to the fourth arm in parallel to keep the bridge in equilibrium?
Solution :
P R 6 4
   S = 2
Q S 3 S
1 1 1
Now,   S1 = 3 (Ans.).
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

2 6 S1
Problem 2: Resistances on the four arms of a Wheatstone bridge are 17, 8, 34 and 16. The bridge
remains in equilibrium at this state and no current flows through the galvanometer. If e, m, f and
internal resistance of battery are 2.8Vand 2 respectively, then what is the current produced ?
Solution :
1 1 1 2 .8 3
  I= 
R P 17  8 34  16 56 20
3
1 1 3
=    I = 0.15 A. (Ans.).
25 50 50
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

50 50 56
RP = R = 2
3 3 3
Problems to solve :
1. Resistances of the four arms of Wheatstone’s bridge are 5, 15, 20 and 60. The bridge
remains in equilibrium at this condition. If E.M.F. and internal resistance of the cell are 2v and 4,
then find the current flowing through the cell. (Ans. : 0.1 A)
2. Four resistances 10, 8, 20 and 32 are connected to the four arms of a Wheatstone bridge. What
resistance should be connected to the fourth arm in parallel to keep the bridge in equilibrium?
(Ans. 32 in parallel)
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

3. The resistances of three arms of a wheatstone bridge are 4, 7 and 12. It is in equilibrium and the
original current in the circuit is 2.2A. Determine the resistance of the fourth arm and current flow
through each arm. (Ans: 21, 1st & 2nd arm –> 1.65A, 3rd & 4th arm –> 0.55A).
Sunrise–7
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8

METRE BRIDGE, POST OFFICE BOX AND POTENTIOMETER

Metre bridge : It follows the wheat stone bridge principle. Here, a wire of length 100cm is used. If the
P l
jockey is kept in connection at length l to reach equilibrium, 
Q 100  l
Potentiometer : The potential difference and electromotive force can be measured by it.
l
(i) E = IR. Here, L = length of the circuit wire, R = Resistance, E = emf of cell, l = distance of
L
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

null point from one end of the wire .
E1 l1
(ii) If emf of two cells are E1 & E2 and distances of the null points are l1 & l2,  .
E2 l2
(iii) If the internal resistance of a cell is r and the distances of the null point keeping the key open
& closed are l1 & l2 respectively and the resistance used in the circuit with the cell is R, then r =
l1  l 2
R.
l2
Problem 1:
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Length of the wire of a meter bridge is 1m. If two resistances 8 and 10 are connected in its left
and right gaps respectively then find its null point.
Solution :
P l 8 l 400
    5l = 400 –4l. l= cm (Ans.).
Q 100  l 10 100  l 9
Problem 2:
100 and 10 resistances are applied to the proportional arms of a post office box. If 500 is
connected to the third arm, equilibrium is obtained. What is the unknown resistance of the fourth
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

arm?
P R 100 500
Solution :    S = 60 (Ans.).
Q S 10 S
Problem 3:
While measuring emf by a potentiometer, the distances of the null point for experimental cell and
an ideal cell are 500 cm and 400cm respectively. If the emf of the ideal cell is 1.2v, what is the e,
m, f of the cell?
E1 l1 E1 500
Solution :    E1 = 1.5v (Ans.).
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

E2 l2 1.2 400
Try yourself: Shahjahan Tapan  example– 16, 17, 18, exercise – 38;
Tafajjal Hossain  exercise – 28 ; Giasuddin  example – 2.22, 2.23.
Sunrise–8
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8

POTENTIAL DIVIDER
It is possible to form the simplest potential drop by the series connection of two resistances.
V1 V2
R1 R2

I
V
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Two resistances R1 and R2 are connected in series with a supplied voltage V.
R1
Terminal voltage across R1 , V1 = V.
R1  R 2
R2
Terminal voltage across R2 , V2 = V.
R1  R 2
Problem :
A voltage of 100V is being supplied from a source. The source is connected to a resistance 400.
What resistance should be connected in series with the resistance of 400 so that a voltage drop of
20V is found across the n ? R1 = 400 V = 20V
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Solution :
R1 100 R1
V=  100  20 = R2
R1  R 2 R1  400
 4R1 = 400 R1 = 100 (Ans.) 100V

Solutions to some problems from previous years:

1983 : An electric bell is running with two cells connected in series. Internal resistance of each cell is
1.8 and emf is 1.5V. What is the resistance of the bell? The current flow is 0.5A.
nE 2  1.5 3
Solve: I =  0.5 =  R + 3.6 = = 6  R = 2.4 (Ans.)
R + nr R + 2  1.8 0.5
1985 : A galvanometer is connected with a battery of 2V. The battery has no internal resistance. If a
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

resistance equal to galvanometer’s is connected in (i)parallel (ii)series, what will be the change in
the current flow through the galvanometer and battery?
2
Solve: Let, Resistance of the galvanometer is=G current, I =
G
G (ii) Equivalent resistance = G + G = 2G
(i) Equivalent resistance= G G =
2 2 1
 Current through battery, I = = I,
2 2 2G 2
 Current through battery, I = = 2  = 2I,
G/2 G i.e., will be halved
i.e., will be doubled 1
Current through galvanometer, IG = I ,
 I 2
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

 Current through galvanometer, I = = I ,i.e.,

G 2 i.e., will be halved
will be the same

Sunrise–9
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
Problem : emf of a battery is 1.5V. If a 25resistance is connected with it, the potential difference
between the terminals of the battery becomes 1.25V. What is the internal resistance?
E 1.25 1.5
Solve: I =  =
R+r 25 25 + r
 25 + r = 30
 r = 5 (Ans.)

Thermal effect of Electricity

Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Important Constants for this Chapter
1. Joule’s constant, J = 4.2J/Cal
2. 1KWh = 1 B.O.T Unit = 3.6106J [B.O.T unit = Board Of Trade unit]
3. Specific heat of water, Sw = 1cal/gmC = 4200J/kg K
4. 1H.P. = 746Watt

Q A R- B

Due to potential difference, V; work done by ‘Q’ coulomb charges flowing from A to B is
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

W = V. Q ----------------------- (i)
Q
Again, rate of flow of charge Q is current I = .
t
 W = V.I. t --------------- (ii) [its unit is joule]
From Ohm’s law V = I.R --------------- (iii)  W = I2.R.t

V2
Again I = V R  W= t
R
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

V2
W = V.I .t = I2.R.t = .t
R
This work turns into heat during the electric current flow. If produced heat is H then work, W = J. H
V2
H = V.I.t Joules = I2.R.t Joules = t Joules
R

Again this heat absorbed by liquid of mass, ‘m’ with sp. heat, ‘S’ to increase its temperature from
θ1C  θ2C . then H = ms (θ2 – θ1) Joules
Electric power: Work done by electrical energy per unit time is Electric Power.
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

w V2
P =  I R  VI 
2

t R Watt

Sunrise–10
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
Problem :
1. The rating of an electric bulb is 220V  100W. What is its resistance? If it is connected to 200V
supply, how much power will it consume?
V2 (220) 2
Solve : P=  100   R = 484  Ans.
R R
V 2 (200) 2
 P 
P =  P = 82.64 watt. Ans.
R 484
2. Prove that rate of producing heat by two resistances connected in parallel is inversely proportional
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

to the resistances. r i
Solve : I B I
i

v2 r
From figure H1 = .t 2
r1
v2 H 1 r2
H2 = .t   (proved)
r2 H 2 r1
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

3. A 100 submersible heater is submerged in 2.5kg water. 5 A current flows through it. When
shall its temp rise by 25C ? [Sp . heat of water = 4200 J / kg.K].
Solve :
W = i2 . R. t = 52  100  t J
H = m . s .  θ = 2.5  4200  24
W = H
 52  100  t = 2.5  4200  24

t = 100.8 sec. Ans.

Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Problems to solve :
1. Two bulbs rated 200v  100w & 200v  60w connected to 200V supply line in series connection.
If the resistances remain unchanged find out the power consumption for both the bulbs. [Ans. :
14.06W & 23.437W].
2. An electric heater connected to 220v line draws 2A current. If it is used for 500 hours, determine
energy consumption in kwh & its power. [Ans. : 220kwh & 440 watt].
3. A submersible heater rated 220v & 1000 watt is submerged in water for 15 minutes. During this
time temperature rises by 25C. Efficiency of heater is 90%. Determine the amount of water it was
heating? [Ans.: 7.71kg].
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

4. Two wires of same material & same length has the diameter ratio 1:3. If they are connected (a) in
series, (b) in parallel and electricity flows for same time, determine the ratio of heat produced at the
wires. [Ans: a) 9:1, b) 1:9]
Sunrise–11
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8

Calculation of Electricity Consumption

Calculation of B.O.T unit (Board Of Trade unit):
p t watt  hour
W= p  t wh = kwh  . kwh = No . of unit.
1000 1000
p  t V.I.t I 2 .R.t V 2 .t
W=    kwh .
1000 1000 1000 1000R
1 kWhr = 1 B.O.T unit
Total cost of consume energy = No. of unit  price of per unit.
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

1 kwh = 1000w (6060)sec = 3.6106 j
Meaning of 220v – 60w :
This rating of electric bulb means that if it is connected to 220 volt supply line it will glow with
maximum intensity of light & consume electrical energy and produce heat at the rate of 60
Joules/sec.
Problem:
The rating of a bulb is 220V  60w. (i) Determine the current flow through it. (ii) Find out the
total cost if it runs for 10 hours at 1.95 taka per unit cost.
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Solve :
I = 0.2727 A
(i) P = V . I  60 = 220  1 
(ii) w = p  t  60  10  3600 J = 0.6 kwh

cost = 0.6  1.95 taka = 1.17taka

Problems to solve :
1. A house is running 6 bulbs (60w) & 2 Fans (40w) for 6 hour every day. Determine the monthly
bill if per unit cost is 1.50 taka. [Ans. : 118.8 Taka] .
2. The rating of an electric iron is 220v  1200 watt. What is its resistance? Determine total cost if it
runs for 2 hours at 1 taka per unit rate. [Ans. : 40.33 & 2.4 Taka].
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

JOULE’S LAW

[H= produced heat; I= current flow; R= resistance, t = time]

From joules law (i) H  i2. H  i2 . R . t
(ii) H  R. H = k . i2 . R . t
(iii) H  t. k (constant) = 0.24 cal / J & J = 4.2J/cal = 1
k
Determination of J This is called the mechanical equivalent of heat.
W V.I.t
J=  .
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

H (m1s1  m 2 s 2 )( 2  1 )
Where, V=voltage, I=current, t=time, θ1=initial temperature, θ2=final temp, m1=mass of
calorimeter, m2=mass of liquid, s1=specific heat of calorimeter,s2=specific heat of liquid
Sunrise–12
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
Problem :
1. A 100W submersible heater rises temperature of 1L water by 7°C in 7min. Determine the value of J.
Solve :We know, W=JH
W=Pt =JmS
=100420  42000=J1000 gm1 cal gm-1K-17
=42000J J=4.2J cal-1 (Ans.)
2. A conductor of 15 resistance is submerged under water. 5A current flows through the conductor
for 30sec. Determine the temperature rise of 250gm water.
Solve : H = I2 Rt  m  s    = I2 Rt
 250  4200    = 52  15  30
 =10.8 c (Ans.)
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Problems to solve :
1. A 55 electric Furnace is connected to 220 volt – supply line. Determine the desired time of
increasing temperature from 23 to 100c of 1kg water. [Ans. 367.5 sec] .
2. A 100 submersible heater is submerged in 2.50kg water. 5A current flows for 100.8 second.
Determine the temperature rise of water. [Ans. 24c].

ASTRONOMY
Escape Velocity and Critical Radius
Formula:
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

(i) Escape velocity, v = 2GM (For Earth) Here, G =gravitational constant, M = mass of Earth, R = Earth’s radius
R
2GM
(ii) Critical radius, Rs = Here, C = velocity of light, G = gravitational constant, M = mass of black hole.
C2
This is also called Schwarzchild radius.
(iii) Event Horizon: The sphere of radius R S around the black hole is called event horizon
(iv) Mass of the sun, Ms = 1.99×1030 kg = 1 solar mass
(v) Radius of the sun = 6.9×108m
(vi) Average density of the sun = 1410 kgm–3
Problems: If mass and radius of the sun are 1.99×1030kg and 6.96×108 m respectively, what is the escape
velocity for sun?
2  6.673  10 11  1.99  1030
Solve: Ve = 2GM = = 6.18×105 ms–1 (Ans.)
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

R 6.96  108
Problems: Mass of a star is equal to 5 solar mass. If it turns into a black hole what will be its
Schwarzschild radius? (Mass of the sun = 2×1030 kg)
11 30
Solve: Schwarzschild radius, Rs = 2GM = 2  6.67  10  52  2  10 = 14.8 km (Ans.)
c2 3  10 8

Problems to Solve:
1. Radius of the event horizon of a black hole is 5.9 km. what are its mass and average density [Ans.
Mass= 4.0×1030kg; average density = 4.66×1018kgm–3]
2. According to recent theories of astro-physics, a collapsed star can turn into a black hole due to its
own gravity. But its mass has to be 2 solar mass for this. In this case, what is the radius of event
horizon? Mass of the sun = 2×1030kg| [Ans. 5.93km]
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

3. What will be the critical radius of black hole having equal mass as the earth? mass of Earth =
5.9742 × 1024 kilograms. [Ans. 8.75×10–3m]
4. If the critical radius of a black hole is 6.1km, determine its mass. [G = 6.67×10–11 Nm2kg–2] [Ans.
4.1×1030kg]
Sunrise–13
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8

Units to measure cosmic distance

The following three units are used to measure cosmic distance:
(i)Astronomical unit (ii)Light year (iii)parsec
One astronomical unit means the distance between the earth and the sun.
So, 1A.U = 1.496×1011 m
1 light year is the distance covered by light in 1 year.
 11y = 365×24×60×60×(3×108)m = 9.46×1015 m 1 1y = 6.324×104 A.U.
1 parsec= 3.09×1016 m  1 parsec = 3.26 light year
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Fundamental forces:
Those forces which are fundamental and do not originate from other forces, but all other forces can
be expressed in terms of those forces are called fundamental forces.
Four types of fundamental forces are there in nature,. They are –
-1. Gravitational force
2. Electromagnetic force
3. Strong nuclear force
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

4. Weak nuclear force

Practice sheet on P –8

1. When a wire of length 314cm and radius 0.2mm is placed in the left gap of a meter bridge and a
resistance of 42 is placed in the right gap, the null point is obtained at a distance of 20cm from
the left end. Determine the specific resistance of the material of the wire. [Ans. : 4.2  10-7 -m]
2. 2.A battery having 6V e.m.f. and 0.5 internal resistance is connected in parallel with another
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

battery of e.m.f. 10v and internal resistance 4. Then these are connected to a wire of resistance
12. Determine the flow of current through the wire. [Ans. : 0.51A]
3. Three cells of internal resistance 1.5 and e.m.f. 2V are connected in series. If the terminals are
connected to a conductor of resistance 150, then determine the current flow. [Ans. : 0.0388A].
4. Four arms of a Wheatstone’s bridge have resistances 100, 300, 24 and 60. To attain equilibrium,
what resistance should be connected to the 1st arm and how? [Ans. 20 in series connection]
5. Why ammeter is connected in series and voltmeter in parallel?
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

6. A wire of resistance 15 is stretched so that its length becomes double and radius becomes half.
Then the wire is cut into two equal parts and the segments are connected in parallel. What will be
the equivalent resistance in this condition?
Sunrise–14
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
7. Determine the resistance between the points A and B. (Ans. : 30).
20

20 20

20 20
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

A 20
8. Determine io, i1 and i2 in the equilibrium state of the following Wheatstone’s bridge.
B [Ans. i = 1.2A; i1 = 0.8A; i2 = 0.4A].
P =3 9 =Q
I1

A I2 C
S=18
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

R=6
D

I I
E =18V

5.5
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Practice Sheet (MCQ) on P-8
1. 90x1018 electrons flow through a part of a wire in 10sec. What will be the current flow?
(a) 1.44  108 amp (b) 1.444  1036 amp (c) 1.44 10–37amp (d) 1.44 amp
2. Which of the following helps to minimize reading error with bare eyes?
(a) Traditional Multimeter (b) Traditional Ammeter
(c) Digital Multimeter (d) All of the above
3. A bulb is of 1.2  resistabce. Voltage across it is 6V. Determine the current flow through it.
(a) 7.2amp (b) 0.2amp (c) 2amp (d) 5amp
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

4. An electric cell has EMF 1.5V and internal resistance 2. If its terminals are connected to a 10
wire, what will be the current flow?
(a) 0.125 amp (b) 1.25 amp (c) 0.187 amp (d) 0.0187 amp
Sunrise–15
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
5. 0.3A current flows through a cell if 18 resistance is connected to it. If the internal resistance is
2 what will be the EMF of the cell?
(a) 66. 67 volt (b) 6 volt (c) 0.015 volt (d) 4.8 volt
6. A cell has EMF of 2 Volt. If a 10wire is connected to it, voltage across its terminals is 1.6V.
What will be the internal resistance of the cell?
(a) 25 (b) 4  (c) 2.5  (d) 0.4 
7. Determine the length of a 10  wire. Radius of the wire is 0.5 mm and  = 5810–6 ohm–cm
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

(a) 135 cm (b) 1354.14 cm (c) 2706.9 cm (d) 676.725 cm
8. What will be the equivalent resistance of three 5 resistors in series?
5 7 3
(a) 15  (b) (c)  (d) 
3 2 5
9. Three resistances are of 5First two are connected in series and the third one is connected in
parallel with this combination. What will be the equivalent resistance?
5 10 7
(a) 15 (b)  (c)  (d) 
3 3 2
10. A cell has EMF of 2V and internal resistance of 0.5 ohm. It is connected in series with 1, 2 and 3
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

ohm resistances. Determine the voltage across the middle wire.
(a) 0.93 volt (b) 0.31 volt (c) 0.62 volt (d) 20 volt
11. A rechargeable battery has EMF of 9V and internal resistance 0.05When the cell provides 6
amp current, what will be the EMF?
(a) 9.30 volt (b) 8.70 volt (c) 93 volt (d) 47 volt
12. When the battery is charged with 6A current, determine the voltage across it.
(a) 9.30 volt (b) 8.70 volt (c) 93 volt (d) 47 volt
13. Determine the current flow through 3resistance?
(a) 12.2 amp (b) 0.834 amp (c) 3 am (d) 2 amp
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

14. 10

5 In the circuit, E=?

 

(a) 1 volt (b) 2 volt (c) 10 volt (d) 5 volt


4 

Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

15. What is the current flow in this circuit?

E = 1.5v
(a) 1.5amp (b) 4.5amp (c) 0.3amp (d) 0.15amp

Sunrise–16
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
2 

16. Determine the principle current flow of the circuit.

E = 1, r= 0.5 
(a) 0.5 A (b) .6 A (c) 0.2 A (d) 2A


I = ?amp
17. 
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

E= 2 Volt
(a) 2amp (b) 4amp (c) 0amp (d) 0.5amp
18. Three Resistances of 2, 5 and 8  are placed at three slots of a Wheatstone’s bridge. Determine the
fourth resistance that will bring the bridge to equilibrium.
(a) 20 (b) 40  (c) 10 (d) 80 
19. A Wheatstone’s bridge has the resistances 6, 18, 10, 20 ohm. Determine the resistance to be
connected in series to the fourth slot to bring the system to equilibrium.
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

(a) 30 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 1
20. 8 resistance is placed ot the left slot of a meter bridge. On the right slot 20 and R are
connected in series. Null point is found 25cm away from the left terminal. R=?
(a) 24 (b) 4 (c) 20 (d) 28
21. In an experiment to determine the EMF of an electric cell, null point is found at 250cm when 6V is
found across the potentiometer’s wire. What will be the EMF of the cell?
(a) 1.5V (b) 1500V (c) 0.67V (d) 66.66V
22. A wire of 5 ohm is stretched such a way that, its length doubles and cross sectional area becomes
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

half of its initial. What will be its resistance now?
(a) 30ohm (b) 15ohm (c) 20ohm (d) 7.5ohm
23. Two resistances of 2 and 3 are in parallel. 5A current flows through the combination. What
current flows through the 2resistance alone?
(a) 2 amp (b) 3 amp (c) 12.2 amp (d) 8.34 amp

Answer
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C
11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. B
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

21. A 22. C 23. B

Sunrise–17
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
1. A voltage source of 110 volt sends 2A current through a resistor of 55, what will be the power
dissipation?
(a) 1 watts (b) 220 watts (c) 2 watts (d) 110 watts
2. Voltage across a 2 resistor is 2V, what is the power delivered?
1
(a) 1 watt (b) watt (c) 4 watt (d) 2 watt
2
3. A 40W bulb was on for 10min. Determine the energy consumption in Joules-
(a) 24103Joule (b) 24Joule (c) 1200J (d) 4000J
4. An electric iron is rated 220V~1000W. Per unit price of electricity is0.60 taka. Determine the cost for 2
hours operation of the iron.
(a) 12 taka (b) 1.2 taka (c) 1200 taka (d) 0.12 taka
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

5. An electric heater draws 8A current from a 250V supply line. If the heater is operated for 10 hrs,
what will be its energy consumption?
(a) 2000 watt (b) 20 watt-hour (c) 20 kwh (d) 200 kwh
6. Determine the amount of heat generation if 2A current flows through a resistor of 4.2 for 5min.
[J=4.2107 erg/cal]
(a) 12 cal (b) 120 cal (c) 1200 cal (d) 12000 cal
7. How much current shall a 1/8 W motor draw from 220V supply line?
(a) 4.24 amp (b) 0.424 amp (c) 0.24 amp (d) 24 amp
8. An electric bulb is rated 100 watt and 200V. If the voltage across it is 1100 volt, will the power be
100 watt?
(a) Yes (b) No (c) Could be (d) Definitely will be
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

1. b 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. c 7. b 8. b

Questions from previous years

Current Electricity & circuit
2002. The null point of a potentiometer for a cell is obtained at a distance of 6m. If a resistance of 3
is connected with the cell, the null point is obtained at a distance 4m. Determine the internal
resistance of the cell.
2002. If the length of a wire of resistance r is doubled, what will be its changed resistance ? [Ans. 9r ]
2004. 10 & 12 resistances are connected in the first and second arms of a Wheatstone bridge. An
unknown resistance is in its third arm. When 2 parallel resistances of 20 each are connected in the
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

fourth arm, equilibrium is obtained. What is the value of the unknown resistance? [Ans. 8.33 ]
2005. Equivalent resistance of a series combination of two wires is 40ohms, while equivalent
resistance in their parallel combination is 7.5ohms. what are their resistances? [Ans. 30, 10]
2007. If two electric bulbs of 25Watt and 100Watt are connected in series-
(a) 100 watt bulb will be brighter  (b) 25 watt bulb will be brighter
(c) Both bulbs will be equally bright (d) None of the above
2007. A 4 resistance wire is bent and made circular. What is the resistance which the terminals of its
diameter?
1 1
(a) 4 (b) 1 (c)  (d) 
8 16
2008. A 5ohms wire is stretched to its 3times length. What is its resistance then?
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

2013. Two copper wires, one of length 1 m and the other of length 9m, are found to have the same
resistance. Their radii are in the ratio
A) 3:1 B) 1:3 C) 9:1 D) 1:9

Sunrise–18
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
2013. If the length of a copper wire of a certain resistance R is doubled, its specific resistance will be
A) doubled B) one-fourth C) four times D) the same
2013. If the resistance of a coil is 2  at 0C and  = 0.004/C, its resistance at 100C will be
A) 1.4  B) 0  C) 4  D) 2.8 
2013. The resistance of four arms of a Wheatstone bridge are 8, 12, 16 and 20. What amount of
extra resistance should be added in series with its 4th arm to obtain equilibrium in the bridge? [RUET]
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 16 (E) None
2013. A resistance is marked by yellow, violet and orange color respectively in its body. The value of
its resistancs is: [CUET]
(A) 470  (B) 4700  (C) 47000  (D) None of these
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

2013. The emf of a cell is 2V and its internal resistance is 2. If its two ends are connected with a wire
of 10 resistance. How much current will be flowing? [CUET]
(A) 0.167 amp (B) 24 amp (C) 0.25 amp (D) None of these
2014. Calculate the number of electrons moving per second through the filament of a lamp of 100W,
operating at 220V. Given the charge of electron, e=1.610-19C.
2014. Find the current I1,I2 and I3 in the circuit shown in the figure when the switch k is open
12 V 9 12 V a 9
a d
c d c

I1 k I2 I1 I2
I3
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

4


b 8 7 b 8
7
  


2014. A galvanometer of resistance 100  can able to receive 10 mA of current. What will be the value
of shunt to measure 10A current? [RUET]
(A) 0.08  (B) 0.01  (C) 0.10  (D) 1.0  (E)0.11 
2014. 6A-220 Volt is written in the main meter of a house. How many bulbs of 60 watts can be used
safely in that house? [RUET]
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

(A)11 (B)22 (C)33 (D)18 (E) 44
2014. A 1kW electric kettle contains 2 liter water at temperature of 27C. The kettle is switched on for
10 minutes. If heat is lost at a constant rate of 160 J/sec to the surroundings, what will be the
temperature of the kettle in 10 minutes? [CUET]
(a) 87C (b) 77C (c) 67C (d) 27C
2014. The value of current through 2 ohm resistance is- [CUET]

10 V 20 V
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

2 5 10

(a) 0 amp (b) 2 amp (c) 3 amp (d) 4 amp

Sunrise–19
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
2015. Two resistances of 3 and 6 first connected in parallel and then connected in series with 2 resistance. It
is then connected with a cell of emf 1.5 V and of internal resistance of 1 . Find the current flowing
through 3 resistance. [RUET]
2015. The internal resistance of ammeter is 1.5  and it can measure a maximum current of 0.3A. How much
shunt resistance will be required to measure up to 2.0 A current by this ammeter?[CUET]
(A) 0.234  (B) 0.222  (C) 0.254  (D) 0.264 
2016. [BUET]
i1 6V
i2
R

1=5 i2
V A 2A
4 5V
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

i2R= 5 i = i 1 + i2 E = 42+8
3.33R = 5 i2 = i-i1 = 13V
= 5-1.67 = 3.33A = i1= 1.67A1
2016. A electric heater takes 255 mA current from 220 V supply line. How much energy will it consume
in 700 hours? [KUET ]
(A) 3.9 kWh (B) 4kWh (C) 26.4 kWh (D) 38.5 kWh (E) 39.27 kWh
VIt
Solve : P =
1000
220  255  10–3  700
=
1000
= 39.27 Kwh
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

2017. A certain parallel plate capacitor consists of two plates, each with area 200 cm 2, separated by 0.4
cm air gap . i. Compute the capacitance, ii. If the capacitor is connected across 500 V source
what energy is stored in it? ? [BUET]
200
8.854  10–12 
A 1002
Solve : i. c = = = 4.427  10–11F
d 0.4  10–2
1 1
ii. E = cV2 = (4.427  10–11) (5002) = 5.53  10–6 J
2 2
2017. A wire of 157cm and 0.1 mm radius is added to the left side of a meter bridge and a resistance of
45  is added to the right side of the meter bridge . Then a neutral point is found 25cm distance
from the left. What is the relative resistance of the wire. [KUET]
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

-7 -7
(A) 4.2  10  -m (B) 2  10  -m (C) 3.66  10-8 -m
(D) 3  10-7 -m (E) 2.8  10-6 -m
Solve: (d);
2017. A 120W - 60V bulbs is connected in DC line at 100V. What resistance have to be connected
at series combination for full saturation of the bulb? [RUET]
2
v1 602
Solve: R1 = = = 30
P 120
P 120
I= = = 2A
V1 60
V 100
Req = =
I 2
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Req = 50
 The resistance should be connected in series combination R2 = Req – R1
= (50 – 30)
= 20 

Sunrise–20
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
2017. 100 V is supplied in a step up transformer and 2A current has found. If the ratio of number of
turns at primary and secondary coils is 1:2, then figure out the voltage at the secondary coil. Also
figure out the power of that transformer. [RUET]
Ep Np
Solve: =
Es Ns
1 100
 =
2 ES
 Es = 200 V
Again, P = ES  IS = 200  2 = 400 watt
2018. Mr. Al Amin set up an airconditioner having capacity 1 Ton in him bed room. During opration
the airconditioner taken 6.5 A current form a 220V supply line. He uses the airconditioner average 8
hrs per day . If the dectricity fill per kWh is 5tk than what is the electricity fill for the month of
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

April?
Solve: E = p t [BUET]
6.5  220  8
=
1000
= 11.44 wh
 Cost = 11.44 5 30 = Tk. 1716
2018.The part of the electric circuit as shower in the figure are in equillibrium and D.C current is
flowing through the resistance. It capacitance C = 4F then what is the energy stored? [BUET]
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Solve: Assuming ground at A, VA = O
 VB = IR = 5  6 = 30 V
VD = IR = 31 = 3V
VBD = 30 – 3 = 27 V
B C 1 2 1
EC = CVBD = 410-6  272
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

5A 2 2
= 1.46  10-3 J
3V 2A D 1A A

since circuit is in equilibrium, no current flows through

the capacitor C.
Thus current through BCA = 3A + 2A = 5A
Current through AD = 2A – 1A = 1A
2018. If a 30 shunt is connected to a galvenometer of resistance 120 then what fraction of the total
current will flow through the galvanometer? [KUET]
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

(A) 50% (B) 40% (C) 30% (D) 20% (E) 10%
Solve: (C);

Sunrise–21
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
120

30
V30 = VGalvanometer
 I30  30 = I  120
1
 I = I30
4
2018. A wire of resistance R is stretched till its longth is increased to n times its original length. What
is its final resistance? [RUET]
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Solve : If volume remains constant
  (nlo) lo
R= = n2 . = n2 R o
A
 o A o
 n
2 
 R = n Ro
Thermal and Chemical Effect of Electricity
1990. An electric heater take 4 A current from 250v supply line. Determine energy consumption for10
hours.
1991. An electric bulb of 100w, connected in 220 volt line. But due to voltage difference it show 81
watt. What is new voltage in electric line ?
1993. The rating of electric strove is 1000w  200v. What is its resistance? If cost per unit is 0.50 taka
and the stove runs 3 hours/day,What will be the monthly bill?
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

1995. What will be the resistance of a bulb rated 60w  220v?
1997. The rating of submersible heater is 220v  1kw. It rise water temperature from 15c to 60c in 15
minutes. If efficiency of the heater is 90% what was the amount of water ?
2001. 200V and 1200 watt is written on an electric iron. What is its resistance? If each unit of electric
energy costs 1BDT then how much will it cost if it works for 2 hours?
2008. If an electric bulb of 100W-220V is connected to a 110V source, then power consumption by the
bulb will be:
(a) 25W (b) 50W (c) 75W (d) 100W
2009. ‘220V- 1000W’ is specified on an electric iron. If it is connected to a 200 V line and works for 2
hours, then how many units of energy will be consumed by it?
2009. 5amp – 220volt is marked in the main meter of a house. How many bulbs of 100watts can safely be used
in the house?
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

(a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 22 (d) 20
2010. An electric drill operating at 220V draws a current of 6A. What is the total amount of electrical
energy used by the drill during one minute operation?
(a) 7.92×104J (b) 1.32×103J (c) 7.92×103J (d) 1.32×104 J
2010. A heater is connected to a 220V supply line for one hour. If it is used on 110V supply for four
hour, then the heat produced will be-
(a) same as before (b) half (c) one-fourth (d) four times
2013. 5 bulbs of 100 Watt each are glowing 6 hours daily. If the cost of each unit of electricity is Tk. 2.50,
what will be the bill for one month? [RUET]
2015. The temperature of the cold junction of an Aluminium - Lead thermocouple is 0C. For what temperature
of the hot junction, the generated thermo-emf will be 1050 V?] [CUET]
[Let, a = 12m/C and b = 12m/(C)2
(A) 105C (B) 700C (C) 327C (D) 8.9C
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Astronomy
2015. The mass of a star is 4 times the mass of the sun. If the star is transformed into black hole. What will be its
Schwarzschild radius?] [assume, mass of the sun= 21030 kg] [CUET]
(A) 11.85 km (B) 11.85 m (C) 11.8510-3 km (D) 1135 km
Sunrise–22
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8

Home – Exam on p – 8
1. 20 A current is flowing through a conductor of area of cross–section 10mm 2. If number of
freeelectrons per mm3 of the conductor is 5  10-37, what is the drift velocity of electrons ?
2. Resistance of a wire is R1. If its length is doubled and area of cross–section is tripled, the
resistance is R2 . Find R1 : R2 .
3. In the following circuit, R1 = 100 , R2 = R3 = 50 , R4 = 75  and E = 6v. Determine
current flowing through each resistance.
R1 I1
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

R2 R3 I3
E I2
R4
I
Calculation of electricity bill :
Step 1 : Calculate total electrical energy consumed during the given period in J.
Step 2 : Convert to B.O.T. unit for electrical energy the kilowatt hour (kwh):
1 kwh = 1000 w  3600 s
= 3.6  106 j
Step 3 : total bill = no. of units  price per unit consumed
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Page 11 #1
Thermocouple :

cu Fe Fe

ice hot water

 
+ –
emf(E) is
obtained
This phenomenon is known as see beck effect. Current flows from hotter to colder junction or vice versa
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

depending on the metals used.
cu cold Fe hot Fe

ice water
(c) h, starting from 0 C
and increased gradually
+ E–

Typical curve for thermocouple :

E
( thermoelectric emf)
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

c n i  (hot junction
(nuutral (inversion temperature)
temperature) temperature)

Sunrise–23
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching
 Unique in Admission Coaching
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

Engineering Admission Coaching Lecture Sheet Physics–8
Empirical formula for thermocouple
E = a + b2
 = hot junction temperature
a,b = constants depending on : - metals used
- cold junction temperature

To find n : To find i :
dE E=0
= 0 a + b2 = 0
d
d (a+ b) = 0
(a + b2) = 0   0, a + b = 0
d
a
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

a + 2b = 0 i = –
a b
n = –  = 2n
2b

(Q) E = 16 – 0.042

Find n and i for this thermocouple
ELECTROLYSIS
[ REST OF THIS CHAPTER  FROM ]
CHEMISTRY
(Q) How much time will be needed to deposit copper of thickness 10 –4 m on both sides of a circular
copper plate of diameter 5 10–2m with a current of 1.2A? (Density of copper = 8.9  103 kgm–3)
Give your answer in hours to the nearest minute.
Astronomy
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

 Ultimate fate of the universes
 Life cycle of stars Read from book

Critical radius or Schworzchild radius of black hole:

GM
g= , for black hole
R2
Black hole
M, R 
so g 
Rs so even light cannot escape its gravitational pull
2GM
escape velocity, ve =
R
event
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

horizon 2GM
black hole, c =
Rs
2 2GM
c =
Rs
2GM
schwarzchild radius : Rs =
c2

Mass of star and its fate :

(Mo = solar mass)
Less than 1.4 Mo  white dwarf
Between 1.4 Mo and 3Mo  neutron star
Greater than 3Mo  black hole
Unique in Admission Coaching

Unique in Admission Coaching

1.4 Mo is known as the chandrasekhar limit

Astronomical distance units : 1A.U = 1.58  1011m
1 ly = 9.46  1015m
1 parsec = 3.26 ly
Sunrise–24
Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching Unique in Admission Coaching